Key Issues for Realizing Open Ecoacoustic Monitoring in Australia

Many organizations are attempting to scale ecoacoustic monitoring for conservation but are hampered at the stages of data management and analysis. We reviewed current ecoacoustic hardware, software, and standards, and conducted workshops with 23 participants across 10 organizations in Australia to learn about their current practices, and to identify key trends and challenges in their use of ecoacoustics data. We found no existing metadata schemas that contain enough ecoacoustics terms for current practice, and no standard approaches to annotation. There was a strong need for free acoustics data storage, discoverable learning resources, and interoperability with other ecological modeling tools. In parallel, there were tensions regarding intellectual property management, and siloed approaches to studying species within organizations across different regions and between organizations doing similar work. This research contributes directly to the development of an open ecoacoustics platform to enable the sharing of data, analyses, and tools for environmental conservation.

Development of approaches to innovation transfer and intellectual property management to ensure enterprise competitiveness

The work deals with the problems of innovation transfer and intellectual property management at enterprises. An approach reasoning the choice of innovations and the type of their transfer at an enterprise has been developed, which increases the efficiency of innovation processes. For this purpose, the essence of the category “innovation transfer” regarding the micro-level was clarified and determined according to the sources of innovations. A set-theoretic model of innovation selection based on evaluating the essence of innovations, their generators (suppliers) and implementation conditions has been developed. For such an assessment, a set of criteria has been proposed, a number of the most essential conditions for introducing innovations at an enterprise have been identified, and an optimization model for the efficiency of the innovation development process has been developed. They allow making an informed choice of innovations in accordance with the needs of the enterprise. Evaluation criteria for the innovative potential are proposed and their essence is determined. Testing of the evaluation confirmed the possibility of using the proposed criteria. A model of innovation transfer, which presents the main processes and participants in the transfer of external and internal innovations has been developed, which allows enterprises to ensure a high level of organization and implementation of the transfer. Given the direct relationship between the transfer of innovations and intellectual property, an approach to improving intellectual property management at the enterprise is proposed. A number of principles of intellectual property management have been determined. The stages of intellectual property management at the enterprise are proposed as a set of specific actions determining all processes directly or indirectly related to such management, as well as those responsible for these processes and resource provision.

The potential of the discipline «Commercialization of intellectual property» in the training of engineers of the future

Актуальность статьи обусловлена необходимостью подготовки в высшей школе инженеров, адаптированных к глобальному ускорению и нарастанию масштабов внедрения инноваций, каждая из которых начинается с создания интеллектуальной собственности. Перед российской высшей школой стоит задача подготовки инженерных кадров, способных реализовать все этапы жизненного цикла инноваций — от генерации идей и их патентной защиты до коммерциализации интеллектуальной собственности и внедрения ее в производство. Эти компетенции стали особенно востребованными при реализации государством курса на интеллектуальное импортозамещение, снижение технологической зависимости от зарубежных компаний и необходимости увеличения доли внедрения в производство отечественных разработок. Эти задачи становятся реализуемыми при формировании в высшей школе действенной и комплексной системы управления интеллектуальной собственностью. Автор доказывает необходимость создания такой системы и обосновывает предложения по ее структуре и оценке эффективности на основе анализа опыта зарубежных университетов с применением причинно - следственных, системно - структурных, общенаучных, сравнительных методов и компаративного анализа. Автором сформулирована методика оценки эффективности внедрения системы коммерциализации интеллектуальной собственной в высшей школе. Раскрыта сущность влияния теоретического изучения дисциплины и ее практического применения на активизацию инновационной деятельности в стране. Показана значимость формирования патентного портфеля интеллектуальной собственности в высшей школе для повышения информированности отечественных предприятий о существующих перспективных проектах. Статья предназначена для работников высшей школы, исследователей, представителей промышленных предприятий и региональных органов власти. The relevance of the article is due to the need to train engineers at a higher school, adapted to the global acceleration and increasing scale of the introduction of innovations, each of which begins with the creation of intellectual property. The Russian higher school is faced with the task of training engineering personnel capable of implementing all stages of the innovation life cycle - from the generation of ideas and their patent protection to the commercialization of intellectual property and its introduction into production. These competencies have become especially in demand when the government implements a policy of intellectual import substitution, a decrease in technological dependence on foreign companies and the need to increase the share of domestic developments in production. These tasks become realizable during the formation of an effective and comprehensive intellectual property management system in higher education. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the need to create such a system, develop proposals for its structure and evaluate its effectiveness based on an analysis of the experience of foreign universities using causal, systemic and structural, general scientific, comparative methods and comparative analysis of teaching the discipline "Commercialization of intellectual property" in Russia with foreign experience. The author has formulated a methodology for assessing the effectiveness of the implementation of the intellectual property commercialization system in higher education. The essence of the influence of the theoretical study of the discipline and its practical application on the activation of innovative activity in the country is revealed. The importance of the formation of a patent portfolio of intellectual property in higher education is shown to increase the awareness of domestic enterprises about existing promising projects. The article is intended for employees of higher education, researchers, representatives of industrial enterprises and regional authorities.

Intellectual Property Information Service in Colleges and Universities Under the Background of Innovation Driven

This paper studies the intellectual property information service in Colleges and Universities under the background of innovation driven. Firstly, this paper expounds the concept and characteristics of intellectual property management in knowledge intensive manufacturing industry. On this basis, this paper compares and analyzes the current situation of intellectual property in knowledge intensive manufacturing industry at home and abroad from the aspects of intellectual property development, operation, protection and coordination, and finds out the achievements and shortcomings of intellectual property management in knowledge intensive manufacturing industry in China. This paper analyzes the hypercycle model of knowledge transfer and the collaborative evolution mechanism of knowledge transfer in knowledge intensive manufacturing industry by using the relevant theories of linkage and hypercycle. On this basis, the linkage relationship between knowledge transfer and intellectual property management in knowledge intensive manufacturing industry is analyzed. Based on the specific domestic intellectual property environment, this paper constructs the intellectual property management system of China's knowledge intensive manufacturing industry from three dimensions: intellectual property development, intellectual property protection and intellectual property operation.

MODELLING A BLOCKCHAIN SOLUTION FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT IN DIGITISED INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS

In the industry 4.0 vision, the competitiveness of companies is based on innovation, business-to-business collaboration and digitalisation. In such collaborative frameworks, the sharing of trade secrets depends to a greater or lesser extent on the degree of trust between the parties involved in the collaboration. This paper proposes an application model for trade secret protection based on blockchain, using the smart contracts support and tokenization capabilities available in the Ethereum network. The application of the model along the value chain of the collaborative industrial environment promotes the sharing of industrial secrets with the guarantee provided by blockchain technology, increasing trust and added value in the relationship. Keywords: Industry 4.0, blockchain, innovation, intellectual property, knowledge management

Pharmaceutical Industry’s Engagement in the Global Equitable Distribution of COVID-19 Vaccines: Corporate Social Responsibility of EUL Vaccine Developers

(1) Objectives: Inequality in the global distribution of COVID-19 vaccines has brought about great challenges in terms of resolving the pandemic. Although vaccine manufacturers are undoubtedly some of the most influential players, studies on their role in global vaccine distribution have been scarce. This study examined whether the pharmaceutical industry is acting according to the principles of corporate social responsibility (CSR) during the pandemic. (2) Methods: Three categories were used to analyze the CSR of vaccine developers. The first was research and development: effectiveness, funding, and profits were measured. The second was transparency and accountability: the transparency of clinical trials and vaccine contracts was analyzed. The final was vaccine delivery: the status of the provision of vaccines to COVAX and lower-income countries, intellectual property management, manufacturing agreements, and equitable pricing were measured. (3) Results: Vaccine developers have acquired large profits. The vaccine delivery category faces the most challenges. Participation of pharmaceutical companies through COVAX was significantly low, and most vaccine supply agreements were secretive, bilateral deals. It was not clear if companies were maintaining equitable pricing. The evaluation indicated that the companies’ CSR practices have differed during the pandemic. (4) Conclusions: Our study contributes to the methodology of assessing the CSR of vaccine developers. This would help understand the current COVID-19 vaccine distribution inequality and propose that pharmaceutical companies re-examine their roles and social responsibilities.