PHOTOGRAMMETRIC MAPPING BASED ON UAV IMAGERY

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and Digital Photogrammetry is an up-to-date area mapping technology. Implemented features are low-cost, mobile and simple. UAV (fixed-wing EPP-FPV) with mounted digital camera (Canon S100) was used for imagery while digital photogrammetry processing (with lisa software application) was applied for cartographic data collection. High imagery quality is a significant factor for the efficiency and quality of standard mapping products, such as Digital Elevation Model and Ortho Images. DEM and Orthophoto quality mainly depends on camera resolution, flight height and accuracy of Ground Control Points (GCP). In experimental investigations, GCP coordinates were gained interactively from the Internet. Application of the appropriate DEM checking technique showed that DEM error was up to 0.5 m.

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Geological Mapping Using Drone-Based Photogrammetry: An Application for Exploration of Vein-Type Cu Mineralization

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min11060585 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 585

Author(s):

Mehdi Honarmand ◽

Hadi Shahriari

Keyword(s):

Mineral Exploration ◽

Low Cost ◽

Field Work ◽

Geological Mapping ◽

Visual Interpretation ◽

Geological Structures ◽

Ground Control Points ◽

Digital Elevation ◽

Vein Type ◽

Elevation Model

In this research, drone-based photogrammetry was utilized for mapping geology with the objective of mineral exploration in the Shahzadeh Abbas Cu deposit, Kerman province, Iran. Cu mineralization is of vein-type and follows geological structures. A low-cost drone was used to collect geological data. A spatial resolution of 3.26 cm was achieved by considering a flight altitude of 70 m. To reach the accuracy of less than 5 cm, 70% lateral and 80% front image overlaps were applied and 220 temporary ground control points (TGCPs) were used in an area of 2.02 km2. TGCPs were accurately positioned using DGPS-RTK measurements. Agisoft PhotoScan software was used for photogrammetric processing. The orthophoto product was performed for outlining geological units through visual interpretation. The digital elevation model (DEM) was converted to a hill-shade model in ArcGIS software to extract the geological structures such as faults and dikes. A draft geology map was prepared using orthophoto and hill-shade images to minimize the time and cost of the subsequent field work. Rock sampling was carried out and Cu-bearing veins were specified through field investigations. The geology map was finalized based on field work data and petrology studies. The geological survey indicated that diabase dikes with a northwest–southeast strike often host Cu mineralization in the study area. The position of Cu-bearing dikes was delineated for the next stage of the exploration program. This research demonstrated the time- and cost-effectiveness of using drone-based photogrammetry for preparing base geology maps for the exploration of vein-type mineralization in far districts with rough topography.

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Suggestions to Limit Geometric Distortions in the Reconstruction of Linear Coastal Landforms by SfM Photogrammetry with PhotoScan® and MicMac® for UAV Surveys with Restricted GCPs Pattern

Drones ◽

10.3390/drones3010002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 2 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Marion Jaud ◽

Sophie Passot ◽

Pascal Allemand ◽

Nicolas Le Dantec ◽

Philippe Grandjean ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Software Tool ◽

Rapid Acquisition ◽

Geometric Distortions ◽

Ground Control Points ◽

Digital Elevation ◽

Coastal Landforms ◽

Elevation Model ◽

Camera Distortion

Owing to the combination of technological progress in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and recent advances in photogrammetry processing with the development of the Structure-from-Motion (SfM) approach, UAV photogrammetry enables the rapid acquisition of high resolution topographic data at low cost. This method is particularly widely used for geomorphological surveys of linear coastal landforms. However, linear surveys are generally pointed out as problematic cases because of geometric distortions creating a “bowl effect” in the computed Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Secondly, the survey of linear coastal landforms is associated with peculiar constraints for Ground Control Points (GCPs) measurements and for the spatial distribution of the tie points. This article aims to assess the extent of the bowl effects affecting the DEM generated above a linear beach with a restricted distribution of GCPs, using different acquisition scenarios and different processing procedures, both with PhotoScan® software tool and MicMac® software tool. It appears that, with a poor distribution of the GCPs, a flight scenario that favors viewing angles diversity can limit DEM’s bowl effect. Moreover, the quality of the resulting DEM also depends on the good match between the flight plan strategy and the software tool via the choice of a relevant camera distortion model.

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LANDSLIDE MONITORING USING CLOSE RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY

PLANNING MALAYSIA JOURNAL ◽

10.21837/pm.v19i19.1068 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

Author(s):

Munirah Radin Mohd Mokhtar ◽

Suriani Ngah Abdul Wahab ◽

Mohd Najib Husain ◽

Haslina Hashim ◽

Asmma’ Che Kasim

Keyword(s):

Digital Elevation Model ◽

Low Cost ◽

Digital Camera ◽

Ground Level ◽

Surface Measurement ◽

Landslide Monitoring ◽

Close Range Photogrammetry ◽

Digital Elevation ◽

Close Range ◽

Elevation Model

This paper presents the preliminary results of a simulation study on the production of low cost Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for a landslide study area in Seri Iskandar, Perak. The important objective of this paper is to present the potentiality of Close Range Photogrammetry (CRP) as a data acquisition tool in producing a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) by using data from surface measurement. This method was applied using stereopair photographs captured data from ground level detection, or known as close range photogrammetry with the use of a digital camera mounted on a tripod as a tool for data collection. Close Range Photogrammetry (CRP) applications is useful for mapping of areas that are difficult and risky to point manpower on terrain that consist of steep and dangerous slopes. Conventional methods require measurement using Electronic Distance Measuring (EDM), but this method is very costly and requires a survey team placed on the land site area. The research data were carried out with two different epoch data. The outcome proves that CRP can produce DEM with less cost compared to other methods.

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Accuracy of 3D Landscape Reconstruction without Ground Control Points Using Different UAS Platforms

Drones ◽

10.3390/drones4020013 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 13 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Margaret Kalacska ◽

Oliver Lucanus ◽

J. Pablo Arroyo-Mora ◽

Étienne Laliberté ◽

Kathryn Elmer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Ground Control ◽

Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽

Control Points ◽

Model Errors ◽

Positional Accuracy ◽

Ground Control Points ◽

Digital Elevation ◽

High Level ◽

Aerial Systems

The rapid increase of low-cost consumer-grade to enterprise-level unmanned aerial systems (UASs) has resulted in the exponential use of these systems in many applications. Structure from motion with multiview stereo (SfM-MVS) photogrammetry is now the baseline for the development of orthoimages and 3D surfaces (e.g., digital elevation models). The horizontal and vertical positional accuracies (x, y and z) of these products in general, rely heavily on the use of ground control points (GCPs). However, for many applications, the use of GCPs is not possible. Here we tested 14 UASs to assess the positional and within-model accuracy of SfM-MVS reconstructions of low-relief landscapes without GCPs ranging from consumer to enterprise-grade vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) platforms. We found that high positional accuracy is not necessarily related to the platform cost or grade, rather the most important aspect is the use of post-processing kinetic (PPK) or real-time kinetic (RTK) solutions for geotagging the photographs. SfM-MVS products generated from UAS with onboard geotagging, regardless of grade, results in greater positional accuracies and lower within-model errors. We conclude that where repeatability and adherence to a high level of accuracy are needed, only RTK and PPK systems should be used without GCPs.

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THE DESIGN AND PRODUCT OF NATIONAL 1:1000000 CARTOGRAPHIC DATA OF TOPOGRAPHIC MAP

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b2-245-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol XLI-B2 ◽

pp. 245-249

Author(s):

Guizhi Wang

Keyword(s):

Line Graph ◽

Topographic Map ◽

Dynamic Update ◽

Structure Database ◽

Database Structure ◽

Digital Elevation ◽

Mapping Technology ◽

Elevation Model ◽

Digital Elevation Model Data ◽

Information Database

National administration of surveying, mapping and geoinformation started to launch the project of national fundamental geographic information database dynamic update in 2012. Among them, the 1:50000 database was updated once a year, furthermore the 1:250000 database was downsized and linkage-updated on the basis. In 2014, using the latest achievements of 1:250000 database, comprehensively update the 1:1000000 digital line graph database. At the same time, generate cartographic data of topographic map and digital elevation model data. This article mainly introduce national 1:1000000 cartographic data of topographic map, include feature content, database structure, Database-driven Mapping technology, workflow and so on.

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Lowlands Mapping in Forest Guinea

International Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information Systems ◽

10.4018/jaeis.2013010102 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 20-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. Saïdi ◽

A. Camara ◽

L. Gazull ◽

M. Passouant ◽

M. Soumaré

Keyword(s):

Surface Topography ◽

Digital Elevation Model ◽

Low Cost ◽

Mapping Method ◽

Drainage Network ◽

Digital Elevation ◽

Agricultural Potential ◽

Forested Areas ◽

Main Index ◽

Elevation Model

This article presents a lowland mapping method for the Forested Guinea (Guinée Forestière) using a 30 m resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) that is currently the best option to analyze large forested areas. This low cost DEM method applies surface topography analysis processes to better discriminate areas with stagnant and/or accumulated water. The main index selected is the immediate proximity of flat areas to drainage network, the former with slope gradients not exceeding 5% (2.86°). The mapped lowlands potential cover a surface of 4516 km2, i.e., 10% of the total area of the region with hydro-agricultural potential.

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A New Fast and Low-Cost Photogrammetry Method for the Engineering Characterization of Rock Slopes

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs11111267 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 1267 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Francioni ◽

Simone ◽

Stead ◽

Sciarra ◽

Mataloni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Structure From Motion ◽

Engineering Geology ◽

Survey Methods ◽

Digital Camera ◽

3D Models ◽

Ground Control ◽

Control Points ◽

Digital Photogrammetry ◽

Ground Control Points ◽

The Creation

Digital photogrammetry (DP) represents one of the most used survey techniques in engineering geology. The availability of new high-resolution digital cameras and photogrammetry software has led to a step-change increase in the quality of engineering and structural geological data that can be collected. In particular, the introduction of the structure from motion methodology has led to a significant increase in the routine uses of photogrammetry in geological and engineering geological practice, making this method of survey easier and more attractive. Using structure from motion methods, the creation of photogrammetric 3D models is now easier and faster, however the use of ground control points to scale/geo-reference the models are still required. This often leads to the necessity of using total stations or Global Positioning System (GPS) for the acquisition of ground control points. Although the integrated use of digital photogrammetry and total station/GPS is now common practice, it is clear that this may not always be practical or economically convenient due to the increase in cost of the survey. To address these issues, this research proposes a new method of utilizing photogrammetry for the creation of georeferenced and scaled 3D models not requiring the use of total stations and GPS. The method is based on the use of an object of known geometry located on the outcrop during the survey. Targets located on such objects are used as ground control points and their coordinates are calculated using a simple geological compass and trigonometric formula or CAD 3D software. We present three different levels of survey using (i) a calibrated digital camera, (ii) a non-calibrated digital camera and (iii) two commercial smartphones. The data obtained using the proposed approach and the three levels of survey methods have been validated against a laser scanning (LS) point cloud. Through this validation we highlight the advantages and limitations of the proposed method, suggesting potential applications in engineering geology.

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Accuracy of the TanDEM-X Digital Elevation Model for Coastal Geomorphological Studies in Patagonia (South Argentina)

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs11151767 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (15) ◽

pp. 1767 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Francesca Pasquetti ◽

Monica Bini ◽

Andrea Ciampalini

Keyword(s):

Digital Elevation Model ◽

Spatial Resolution ◽

Mean Squared Error ◽

Low Cost ◽

High Agreement ◽

Squared Error ◽

Digital Elevation ◽

Vertical Error ◽

Global Coverage ◽

Elevation Model

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the usefulness of TanDEM-X DEM (digital elevation model) for remote geomorphological analysis in Argentinian Patagonia. The use of a DEM with appropriate resolution and coverage might be very helpful and advantageous in vast and hardly accessible areas. TanDEM-X DEM could represent an unprecedented opportunity to identify geomorphological features because of its global coverage, ~12 m spatial resolution and low cost. In this regard, we assessed the vertical accuracy of TanDEM-X DEM through comparison with Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) datasets collected in two areas of the Patagonia Region during a field survey; we then investigated different types of landforms by creating the elevation profiles. The comparison indicates a high agreement between TanDEM-X DEM and reference values, with a mean absolute vertical error (MAE) of 0.53 m, and a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.73 m. The results of landform analysis show an appropriate spatial resolution to detect different features such as beach ridges, which are impossible to delineate with other lower resolution DEMs. For these reasons, TanDEM-X DEM constitutes a useful tool for detailed geomorphological analyses in Argentinian Patagonia.

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Evaluation of Low Cost Digital Cameras for Producing Photogrammetric Output from UAV

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i2.29.14258 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2.29) ◽

pp. 792 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Syafiq Sukor ◽

Anuar Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Global Positioning System ◽

Mean Squared Error ◽

Low Cost ◽

Control Point ◽

Ground Control ◽

Digital Cameras ◽

Squared Error ◽

Digital Elevation ◽

Global Positioning ◽

Elevation Model

Recently there a lot of improvement in digital photogrammetry and this allow photogrammetry to become faster and cheaper . This study discuss about two type of low cost camera which is the compact camera (Canon Power Shot SX230 ) and action camera (Xiaomi yi) where both of them have different lens distortion. This study is conducted within UTM (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia) Skudai campus at Kolej Tun Razak. Both of the Canon Power Shot SX230 and Xiaomi yi camera would be attach to the UAV to take aerial photo with three different altitude which is 60 meter, 80 meter and 100 meter with a similar flight path. Check point (CPs) and Ground control point (GCPs) were also established using rapid static technique of Global Positioning System (GPS) and Total Station. The Canon Power Shot SX230 and Xiaomi yi camera is then calibrated using checkboard calibration this is done by using Agisoft Lens software. Then all of the pictures that been taken by the Canon Power Shot SX230 and the Xiaomi yi would be processed by using Agisoft Photoscan software to generate Digital Elevation Model (DEM), orthophoto and contour line. The accuracy of DEM was determined based on Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) value. Both of the result is then analyze visually and statically. Overall both of the camera gives a slight different in accuracy.

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