ESTIMATION OF EVACUATION TIME OF PASSENGERS IN AIRCRAFT ACCIDENTS WITH FIRE IN AIRFIELD AREAS

Statistics show that the majority of aircraft accidents occurs in the vicinity of airfield areas. Yet the main factors leading to fatalities in these accidents are the forces encountered by human occupants in collision with obstacles and the presence of fire. It is possible to single out a group of “technically survivable” accidents from the total number of accidents, in which a crew member or passengers could have survived, if the evacuation took place in a timely manner. The share of such accidents is about 85–90%. However, up to 40% of passengers die in technically survivable accidents. Applicable protection systems are only adequate, if the passengers manage to exit the airplane and get to a safe distance within a limited timeframe. Although these systems have been sufficiently developed; this is one of the most significant problems in modern aviation. This means, that the study of possibilities and the development of the methods and means of passenger evacuation in aircraft accidents, specifically in and around airport areas, are relevant to be addressed.

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Screens surrounding openings in floor slabs of public buildings

ПОЖАРОВЗРЫВОБЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ ◽

10.22227/pvb.2021.30.01.32-41 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 32-41

Author(s):

V. I. Prisadkov ◽

D. V. Ushakov ◽

A. A. Abashkin ◽

A. S. Zueva

Keyword(s):

Selection Algorithm ◽

Public Buildings ◽

Evacuation Time ◽

Fire Hazards ◽

Second Stage ◽

Floor Slabs ◽

Protection Systems ◽

Screen Height ◽

Multi Level ◽

Selection Of

Introduction. Screens often surround openings in the floor slabs of atrium buildings to prevent the spread of fire hazards to higher floors and to improve the efficiency of smoke ventilation systems. In this article, the co-authors assess the expediency of installing screens around openings in the floor slabs and identify the best screen height values. In this article, the co-authors perform a quantitative analysis of the ability of screens to prevent the propagation of hazardous fire factors, to identify general regularities typical for a multi-level space, and to develop recommendations for the installation of screens inside public buildings. The co-authors suggest that screen height should be a solution to the following tradeoff problem: the use of screens reduces acceptable evacuation time for the floor that has screens installed and rises the evacuation time for higher floors.Rational screen height selection algorithm. The co-authors propose the following algorithm for the two-stage selection of the rational screen height. At the first stage, the evacuation problem is resolved. As a result, evacuation completion time is determined for emergency exits. Further, acceptable evacuation time and the time needed to block emergency floor exits are identified for a particular type of a fire alarm system.At the second stage, the dynamics of hazardous fire factors in building rooms is assessed for various screen heights. As a result, the rational height of screens is established for the evacuation time to remain positive.Conclusions. Screen height values cannot be determined in advance. Each case requires an individual approach that entails the resolution of evacuation problems and the tracking of the dynamics of hazardous fire factors in buildings that have multi-height spaces. These ideas are in line with the concept of flexible regulation of fire protection systems designated for construction facilities.

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Implementation of Algorithm for Vehicle Anti-Collision Alert System in FPGA

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) ◽

10.11591/ijece.v7i2.pp775-783 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 775 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aiman Zakwan Jidin ◽

Lim Siau Li ◽

Ahmad Fauzan Kadmin

Keyword(s):

Experimental Tests ◽

Vehicle Safety ◽

Road Accidents ◽

Safe Distance ◽

Alert System ◽

Main Factors ◽

Distance Change

<span lang="EN-US">Vehicle safety has becoming one of the important issues nowadays, due to the fact the number of road accidents, which cause injuries, deaths and also damages, keeps on increasing. One of the main factors which contribute to these accidents are human's lack of awareness and also carelessness. This paper presents the development and implementation of an algorithm to be utilized for vehicle anti-collision alert system, which may be useful to reduce the occurrence of accidents. This algorithm, which is to be deployed with the front sensors of the vehicle, is capable of alerting any occurrence of sudden slowing or static vehicles ahead, by sensing the rate of distance change. Furthermore, it also triggers an alert if the driver is breaching the safe distance from the vehicle ahead. This algorithm has been successfully implemented in Altera DE0 FPGA and its functionality was validated via hardware experimental tests.</span>

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Safety Analysis for Icing Aircraft during Landing Phase Based on Reachability Analysis

Mathematical Problems in Engineering ◽

10.1155/2018/3728241 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Chi Zhou ◽

Yinghui Li ◽

Wuji Zheng ◽

Pengwei Wu ◽

Zehong Dong

Keyword(s):

Differential Equation ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

Partial Differential Equation ◽

Transport Model ◽

Reachability Analysis ◽

Flight Safety ◽

Aircraft Accidents ◽

Safety Research ◽

Protection Systems ◽

Flap Deflection

Icing is one of the leading causes of fatal aircraft accidents worldwide. Encountering icing conditions, dynamic characteristics of the aircraft will be damaged, thereby greatly affecting flight safety. Research on real-time estimations of the safety envelope under icing conditions is critical to improve flight safety. In order to determine the safety envelope, the reachability analysis based on the level set method is presented. The reachable set is obtained via computing the Hamilton-Jacobi partial differential equation (HJPDE), which is based on optimal control and is used in the landing phase of an aircraft. The results show that icing will shrink the safety envelope. Particularly under severe icing conditions, the stall speed of the aircraft will increase, and dynamic behavior will be more sensitive. A slight change of command by the pilot may contribute to the flight state moving outside the safety envelope. Furthermore, the effect of flap deflection was considered, which positively impacts the expanding safety envelope during the landing phase. Finally, a maneuvering coping strategy based on safety envelope is proposed. Examples are provided using the NASA’s generic transport model (GTM), and the results can be applied to flight safety risk assessment, providing theoretical guidance for the design of envelope protection systems.

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An Alternative Method for Identifying a Failed Engine in Twin-Engine Propeller Aircraft

Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors ◽

10.1027/2192-0923/a000195 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 103-111

Author(s):

Andrey K. Babin ◽

Andrew R. Dattel ◽

Margaret F. Klemm

Keyword(s):

Human Error ◽

Flight Simulator ◽

Traditional Group ◽

Aircraft Accidents ◽

Alternative Method ◽

Indicator Group ◽

Group A ◽

The Dead ◽

Engine Failure ◽

And Performance

Abstract. Twin-engine propeller aircraft accidents occur due to mechanical reasons as well as human error, such as misidentifying a failed engine. This paper proposes a visual indicator as an alternative method to the dead leg–dead engine procedure to identify a failed engine. In total, 50 pilots without a multi-engine rating were randomly assigned to a traditional (dead leg–dead engine) or an alternative (visual indicator) group. Participants performed three takeoffs in a flight simulator with a simulated engine failure after rotation. Participants in the alternative group identified the failed engine faster than the traditional group. A visual indicator may improve pilot accuracy and performance during engine-out emergencies and is recommended as a possible alternative for twin-engine propeller aircraft.

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