scholarly journals STUDY OF BRIDGE DAMAGES ON LOCAL ROADS IN LATVIA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberts Auzins ◽  
Ainars Paeglitis
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Concrete Bridges ◽  
Structural Performance ◽  
Winter Maintenance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Road ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Bridges ◽  
Local Roads ◽  
Service Conditions ◽  
National Road

Local roads (V class roads) and the bridges on them compose a significant part of the public road network in Latvia. On local roads are around 45% of all bridges located on the national road network. These are mostly reinforced concrete bridges with short or middle span lengths, with one or two traffic lines. Due to low traffic flow, these structures are used lover maintenance classes. The lover maintenance class also includes less de-icing salt in winter maintenance and less founds for maintenance works. At the same time, some of these bridges are located on routes used by heavy timber trucks or trucks taking sand from quarries. Also, agricultural machinery and local people cars are using these bridges for everyday needs. Therefore, the safe exploitation of these structures is essential. Due to different service conditions, the development of deteriorations also will be different. This paper aims to study the development of characteristic types of damages, its causes and consequences and impact on structural performance and service life.

scholarly journals Road infrastructure in Poland 2014-2030

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 261-265
Author(s):  
Jan Targosz ◽  
Jacek Wiederek
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Road Infrastructure ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Road ◽  
Public Road ◽  
National Road

The article discusses about the road infrastructure and its evolution from 1989 to the present day, as well as plans for further expansion of both the public road network and the national road network until 2020/2030.

scholarly journals Road infrastructure in Poland 2014-2030

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 414-418
Author(s):  
Jan Targosz ◽  
Jacek Wiederek
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Road Infrastructure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Road ◽  
National Road

The article discusses road infrastructure and its evolution to this day, as well as plans for further expansion of the public road network and the national road network until 2020/2030.

Life-cycle evaluation of deteriorated structural performance of neutralised reinforced concrete bridges

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chi Sung ◽  
Chao-Hsun Huang ◽  
Kuang-Yen Liu ◽  
Chuan-Huei Wang ◽  
Chin-Kuo Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Concrete Bridges ◽  
Structural Performance ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Bridges

scholarly journals Road Safety – Is It a Local Government Priority? (What Does the Experience Suggest?)

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
David McTiernan
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Local Roads ◽  
National Road ◽  
Serious Injuries ◽  
Local Road

As the road authority for the unclassified (i.e. local) roads in their local government area, councils have the legislated responsibility to manage their road infrastructure; this fundamentally includes the safety of road users on their networks. Almost 70% of the 392 fatalities on NSW roads in 2017 occurred on country roads (Transport for NSW, 2018). The contribution of the local road network to road trauma across Australasia is significant with over half (52%) of all fatal and serious injuries recorded on roads that are the sole responsibility of local government (McTiernan et. al., 2016). Governments at all levels - Local, State and Federal – can no longer ignore the contribution of local roads to the national tragedy and trauma occurring each year. Without a concerted effort by all tiers of government to address road safety performance on the vast local road network, Australia will not achieve the 30% reduction target in fatal and serious injuries as set out in the National Road Safety Plan. Unfortunately, the current status for managing safety on local roads sees a myriad of systemic hurdles and failures that ultimately result in local government not making road safety a genuine priority. But what is required to change this situation? Two case studies are presented to assist a discussion about some of the systemic failures that contribute to local councils not taking, or not being able to take, action to make road safety a genuine priority.

scholarly journals SAFETY AND SECURITY STUDIES OF RAILWAY LINES WITH PUBLIC ROADS (CASE STUDY OF RAILROAD CROSSING IN THE KENJERAN ROAD OF SURABAYA CITY)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Irwan Mahmudi ◽  
Sri Wiwoho Mudjanarko
Keyword(s):  
Security Studies ◽  
Road User ◽  
The Public ◽  
Toll Road ◽  
Conflict Area ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Public Road ◽  
Mode Of Transportation ◽  
National Road

Railways are a mode of transportation that is being liked by the public because of its efficiency. The train has its own road in the form of rails, it doesn’t mean the train doesn’t intersect other transportation. The train crossing is a conflict area for public road users with train. This includes train crossing at Kenjeran street. The kenjeran street itself is a national road that is quite strategic because it is one of the accesses to the Surabaya-Madura toll road. The research this time aims to find out the security aspects that must be improved at the train crossing kenjeran street. Including rider behaviour at the time of the train crossing. The method used for this research is direct observation of the field and also shares questionnaires to find out if a public road user understands regulations while on a train crossing. The research results of many signs or road markers are incomplete so that many road users do not know that in front of the train crossing. Other public road user behaviour is also a lot of offense.

Final Results of Road Traffic in Winter Project: Socioeconomic Effects of Winter Maintenance and Studded Tires

1996 ◽  
Vol 1533 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Anne Leppänen
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Winter Maintenance ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
The Road ◽  
Current Usage ◽  
National Road ◽  
Large Research

Finland is a sparsely populated country where the road network provides access even to the most remote areas of the country. All public roads maintained by the Finnish National Road Administration (FinnRA) are kept in good condition day and night throughout the year. Sodium chloride is the main substance used for chemical deicing; sanding is used only on roads with little traffic. In Finland the use of studded tires began in the early 1960s. Finland is the leading country in the use of studded tires: in winter, 95 percent of passenger cars have studded tires. The simultaneous use of salt and studded tires causes problems. To solve these problems, FinnRA launched a large research program called “Road Traffic in Winter” to evaluate alternative winter maintenance scenarios for improving social benefits. The project had nine future scenarios, representing permutations of three alternatives each for studded tire use and salting. None of the examined scenarios was more favorable than the baseline situation (current usage). When searching for the socioeconomic optimum, the accident costs become the most important factor, and the accident costs strongly support retention of the baseline situation: the use of salt and studded tires should be continued at current levels despite their drawbacks.

scholarly journals Comparisons of Estimated Circuity Factor of Forest Roads with Different Vertical Heights in Mountainous Areas, Republic of Korea

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeongkeun Kweon
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Mountain Slope ◽  
Network Distance ◽  
Forest Roads ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
The Public ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Public Road ◽  
Mountain Terrain

Distance is one of the important factors in determining transportation cost and travel time, and it can be easily estimated by measuring the circuity of road networks. This study calculated the circuity factors to estimate the network distance for 27 forest roads (about 105 km) in South Korea. For this purpose, ridge, mid-slope, and valley roads were classified according to the construction location of the mountain slope, and the weighted and unweighted circuity factor (each 500-m section) were calculated. The average value of weighted circuity was 1.55: mid-slope roads (2.09), ridge roads (1.36), and valley roads (1.09). The average unweighted circuity factors were 1.61 for mid-slope roads, 1.21 for ridge roads, and 1.07 for valley roads. This study found that the circuity of the forest road network was most affected by the mountain terrain. In addition, the circuity factor increased with increasing network distance in the mid-slope roads but was not affected by the network distance in ridges and valleys. To improve the efficiency of transportation in the forest road network, it is important to locate the ladings and properly connect with the public road network.

scholarly journals Vieškelių tinklo struktūra Lietuvos Didžiojoje Kunigaikštystėje XVI–XVII a.

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019/1 ◽  
pp. 33-77
Author(s):  
Tomas Čelkis
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Entire Region ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The West ◽  
Southwestern Part ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Road ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Grand Duchy

The article reconstructs the public road network of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (hereafter referred to as the GDL) in the 16th–17th centuries, and discusses its structure. In the historical sources, special terms describe public roads (highways), which are also called “big”, “great” or “eternal” roads. These were long-distance routes that connected urban, economic, and political centres. Roads and local pathways led towards them. The structure of the public road network in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was based on the distribution of settlements and towns in the country. The densest public road network as in the western and southwestern parts of the GDL; meanwhile in the east of the country it was rather sparse. It depended on geographical features, as the eastern part of the country was marshier and woodier. Besides, the population of the eastern part of the GLD was affected by wars with Moscow. Active development of internal colonization could be observed in the western and southwestern part of the GDL. Intensive life was also affected by the concentration of the sovereign’s estates. All this encouraged the mobility of the population. The cities in the west and southwest of the GDL were enlaced in the network of public roads and were actively involved in the system of land transport and communication. Part of them attracted population not only locally but also from the entire region. During this research, a special scheme map featuring all public roads in the GDL in the 16th–17th centuries, as described in historical sources, was drawn. A separate list of sources, which is the scientific apparatus of the scheme map, is vailable.

scholarly journals Reinforced concrete bridges: effects due to corrosion and concrete young modulus variation

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-419
Author(s):  
P. T. C. Mendes ◽  
M. L. T. Moreira ◽  
P. M. Pimenta
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Concrete Bridges ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Reinforcement Corrosion ◽  
Shell Elements ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Bridge ◽  
Structural Evaluation ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Bridges

Most of the Brazilian bridges of federal road network are made of reinforced concrete and are more than 30 years old, with little information about the mechanical properties of their constitutive materials. Along the service life of these bridges much modification occurred on vehicles load and geometry and in design standard. Many of them show signs of concrete and steel deterioration and their stability conditions are unknown. With the aim of contributing to the structural evaluation of reinforced concrete bridges it was decided to analyze the stresses in reinforced concrete bridge sections to verify the effects due to reinforcement corrosion and variation of the concrete Young modulus on the stress distribution regarding several load patterns and cracking effects in a representative bridge of the Brazilian road network with different longitudinal reinforcement taxes and two concrete Young modulus, Ec and 0.5Ec, and with different percentage of reinforcement corrosion. The analysis considered two finite element models: frame and shell elements as well as solid elements. The results indicate that these variation effects are more significant in reinforcement bars than in concrete.

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