Status of Indonesia's sovereign rights in the north natuna sea conflict area consequences of China's nine-dash line claim

The existence of sovereign rights in the North Natuna Sea has begun to be disturbed since China's claim of traditional fishing rights was strengthened by the nine-dash line claim. This claim includes the North Natuna Sea area into China's territorial sea, which makes this area a conflict area. The problem in this research is the existence of traditional fishing ground rights in UNCLOS III 1982 and the impact of the nine-dash line claim on Indonesia's sovereign rights in the conflict area of ??the North Natuna Sea. This study uses a normative legal research method with a statutory and conceptual approach. The results of the study explained that the 1982 UNCLOS III did not regulate traditional fishing ground, and the impact of the nine-dash line claim is very significant, as can be seen from the activities of Chinese fishers in the North Natuna Sea, which are supported by Chinese coast guard vessels, which have disrupted Indonesia's enjoyment of its sovereign rights. Thus, it can be concluded that the traditional fishing ground rights with the nine-dash line claim are not based on international law but are only based on China's unilateral claims and create conflicts that impact Indonesia.

An Arab Lecturer, Jewish Students, and Social Work in a Conflict Area

Being an Arab lecturer in a Jewish academic institution under fire has challenged me as a professional, a researcher, and a lecturer. Social workers often function in the context of conflicts, but the practice focuses on normative social problems such as domestic violence, poverty, and crime rather than the effects of the conflict on social workers and their clients. In my academic institution, which for years has been in a conflict area and under fire, students are not equipped with relevant knowledge and skills. This article analyzes my personal narrative documented during three of Israel’s wars with the Gaza Strip.

Rebranding of Poso Regency Tourism After Social Conflict

After the social conflict with the issue of ethnicity, religion, race and inter-group. the image of Poso Regency has changed to become a "City of Conflict". This study aims to determine the rebranding process carried out by the Poso Regency Tourism Office in changing the image as a conflict area that is already attached. This study uses qualitative methods through observation and in-depth inteviews with selected informants by purposive sampling technique. The results of the study shows that in carrying out the rebranding process, the Poso regency tourism office has done several things, including trying to promote its area as a safe, peaceful and fair area through participation in various tourism events at both domestic and overseas; Cooperating with security forces in creating safe conditions in the Poso Regency area; Changing the tourism tagline, which was originally “mandago-dago ri tanah Poso”, then became “the land of thousand megaliths” to introduce the uniqueness of Poso land which has many historical relics in the form of megalithic statues. The final process is to publish all changes and carry out large-scale promotions through mass media, both conventional and contemporary

WhatsApp group as a shared resource for coping with political violence: The case of mothers living in an ongoing conflict area

In recent years, mobile media applications have become a significant resource for crisis communication and communal coping during natural disasters and wars. Drawing on communal coping and media affordance research, we examined the roles that a WhatsApp group plays for mothers living in an ongoing conflict area. We examined, through in-depth interviews, a local WhatsApp group operating in a community adjacent to the Israel–Gaza border. Findings revealed the unique emotion-focused and problem-focused coping strategies people use when facing ongoing threats. Four affordances—immediacy, reachability, mobility, and multimediality—contributed to WhatsApp’s role as a shared and ubiquitous coping resource. This study demonstrates the ways in which instant messaging communication affordances contribute to communal coping strategies in ongoing conflict areas.

The first prevalence study of primary headaches in adults in a post-conflict area of Serbia

Aim The aim of the present study was to establish annual prevalence of primary headaches, migraine, and tension-type headache among adults in a post-conflict area of Serbia. Methods The data for this cross-sectional study was obtained via face-to-face interviews using questionnaires specifically designed for this purpose, in line with the available guidelines. The study sample included adults aged 18–65 years whose native language is Serbian with residence in six predominantly Serbian communities in Kosovo and Metohija. Relevant diagnoses were established according to the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. Results The study included 1062 adults. Analyses indicated 47.7% prevalence of primary headaches. The 1-year prevalence of migraine (with aura and without aura) and tension-type headache was established at 15.2% (3.3% and 11.9%), and 32.2%, respectively. One-year prevalence of chronic headache was calculated at 3.5%, while the prevalence of medication overuse headache was slightly lower at 2.9%. Primary headaches were more prevalent among women, participants residing south of the river Ibar, married or cohabiting individuals, as well as among interviewees (persons) who reported feeling unsafe in Kosovo and Metohija. This is the first study of the prevalence of primary headache disorders in Serbia. The obtained data is comparable to the data available for other countries, especially those in the Balkan region.

A Geração de Conflitos pelo Uso da Água na Bacia do Rio Paracatu, Noroeste de Minas Gerais, Brasil

Os conflitos pela água são decorrentes da grande demanda hídrica, cada vez mais frequente, devido à diminuição do abastecimento em todo o mundo. No Brasil, os conflitos são declarados em várias bacias hidrográficas, cenário que colocou diversas regiões em situação de escassez hídrica. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar indícios de conflitos pela água na bacia do rio Paracatu, o que se justifica pela necessidade de aprofundar conhecimentos, visto que o país possui uma das maiores reservas de água doce do mundo e apresenta inúmeras situações de extrema escassez e dificuldade de acesso desse o recurso. A pesquisa envolveu a lista de declarações de áreas de conflitos na bacia, os levantamentos de outorgas e usos insignificantes e a análise do Plano Diretor de Recursos Hídricos (PDRH). Dessa forma, os resultados mostraram que o PDRH da bacia do Paracatu não foi atualizado conforme recomendado, além de não apontar diretamente o potencial de indisponibilidade hídrica na região. Além disso, houve um aumento de 66% de concessões com uma relação crescente com o número de Declarações de Áreas de Conflitos (DAC) emitidas. Os conflitos gerados pela escassez hídrica influenciam significativamente as condições socioambientais da bacia, onde, a maioria dos municípios da própria bacia se encontram em situação de extrema pobreza, de acordo com os índices econômicos atualmente utilizados. Portanto, o estudo identificou a existência de cinco cursos d'água com conflitos declarados, demonstrando a necessidade de planejamento e melhoria da gestão do uso da água para garantir o abastecimento desse recurso para as atuais e futuras gerações. The Generation of Conflicts over Water Use in the Paracatu River Basin, Northwest of Minas Gerais, Brazil A B S T R A C TConflicts over water originate from the high-water demand, which has been increasingly frequent due to the decrease in water supply worldwide. In Brazil, conflicts are declared in several hydrographic basins; scenario that put several regions in a situation of water scarcity. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate evidence of conflict over water in the Paracatu River basin, justified by the need to deepen knowledge, since the country has the largest freshwater reserve in the world and experiences situations of extreme scarcity and difficulty in accessing the resource. The research involved the list of conflict area declarations in the basin, survey of grants and insignificant uses and analysis of the water resources master plan. Thus, the results showed that the water resources development plan for the Paracatu basin was not updated as recommended, in addition to not directly pointing out the potential for water unavailability in the region. In addition, there was a 66% increase in the number of grants with an increasing relationship to the number of DAC’s issued. Conflicts significantly influence the socio-environmental conditions of the basin, where most municipalities are in extreme poverty. In conclusion, the work identified the existence of five water courses with declared conflicts, demonstrating the need for planning and improving water use management to guarantee the supply of this resource for the current and future generations.Keywords - Water Demand, Conflict Area Declaration, Irrigation

Securing Insecure Livelihoods Through Group Synergies: The Case of Violent Namatala Transboundary Wetlandin Rural Eastern Uganda

This article uses evidence from Namatala wetland in Eastern Uganda to examine the livelihood insecurity associated with wetland conflicts and highlights the implications of group synergies in securing the related insecurities affecting access and use of the violent wetlands and livelihoods. Adopting a qualitative approach, data was generated using eight focus group discussions and 12 key informant interviews in Namatala conflict area, in Eastern Uganda. The findings reveal that the unpredictable brutal conflict actions in Namatala wetland compelled people to construct groups as informal mechanisms of navigating the insecure environments to secure livelihoods. The groups acted as a pool of labour, a means of maintaining employment, buffers against attack, financial safety valves and sources of predictive information gathering and sharing. Invoking the theory of practice, the article demonstrates that people experiencing conflicts make sense of their violent environments and devise informal group synergies as adaptive mechanisms of securing and sustaining their livelihoods.