REDUCTION IN ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE OPERATION OF COMBINE HARVESTERS DURING THE HARVESTING OF WINTER OILSEED RAPE

When harvesting winter oilseed rape (WOSR), leaving higher (~0.3–0.4 m) crop stubble is an effective method of reducing fuel consumption and contaminant emissions of a combine harvester equipped with the tangential threshing apparatus and straw walkers. At a speed of 4 km h−1, when the stubble height of WOSR was increased from 0.2 to 0.4 m, the mass of material other than grain (MOG) fed to the harvester was reduced by 7 t h−1, resulting in a reduction of 6.2 l h−1 in fuel consumption, 5.7 kg h−1 in carbon equivalent (CE), and 16.3 kg h−1 in CO2 emissions. A more accurate estimate of harvester performance is the fuel consumption per ton of threshed seeds. On increasing the MOG mass feed rate to 15.6 t h−1, the fuel consumption per ton of threshed rapeseeds decreased to 3.33 l t−1, CE reached 40.2 kg h−1 or 3.0 kg t−1, and CO2 emissions reached 121.3 kg h−1 or 9.2 kg t−1 of threshed rapeseed. When optimizing the automatic speed control system of the combine harvester, the MOG mass feed rate, the permissible limit of seed losses, and fuel consumption per ton of threshed seeds must be considered.

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Impact of different tillage on soil physical properties, CO2 emissions and winter oilseed rape yield

Žemės ūkio mokslai ◽

10.6001/zemesukiomokslai.v28i2.4510 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Aušra Sinkevičienė ◽

Lina Skinulienė ◽

Vaida Steponavičienė ◽

Gabrielė Černiauskaitė ◽

Karolis Bilkevičius ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Oilseed Rape ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Soil Physical Properties ◽

Direct Seeding ◽

Winter Oilseed Rape ◽

Winter Rape ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Long Time

The investigation presents data on winter rape agrocenosis productivity, soil physical properties, and CO2 metabolism intensity using different tillages. The object of the research is the winter rape (Brassica napus L.) crop using different tillages. The aim of the study was to determine and compare the effects of different tillages and direct sowing on winter oilseed rape, soil physical properties and CO2 emissions. Methods of analysis. The studies have been carried out in accordance with established procedures. The methods used to apply the Stationary Single Factor Field Experiment were installed at the Vytautas Magnus University Experimental Station in 1988. The study factor is tillage systems: normal deep pruning at a depth of 23–25 cm in autumn (DP), control; shallow pruning at a depth of 12 to 15 cm in autumn (SP); deep loosening at a depth of 8 to 10 cm in autumn (DL); shallow loosening 13–25 cm (SL); direct seeding with cultivation up to 5 cm (NT). Results. For a long time, direct seeding into the stubble (with cultivation up to 5 cm) increases the resistance of the soil shear. During the whole investigation period, a lower CO2 concentration was observed in shallow loosening and direct seeding fields. Simplified tillages did not have a significant impact on the yields of winter rape.

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Comparison of field performances between two typical mini combine harvesters in grain corn production

Journal of Agricultural and Food Engineering - March 2020 ◽

10.37865/jafe.2020.0022 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 1-6

Keyword(s):

Fuel Consumption ◽

Field Performance ◽

Small Scale ◽

Total Field ◽

Corn Production ◽

Mean Values ◽

Time Motion ◽

Combine Harvester ◽

The Mean ◽

Combine Harvesters

A mini combine harvester was efficiently designed and developed to harvest grain corn on a small scale farm in order to reduce manpower and operating time as delayed harvesting leads to grain loss. Two typical mini combine harvesters namely Kubota DC105X (KDC) and World Star 7.0Plus (WS) have been introduced to farmers as high output, low fuel consumption and ease of maintenance in grain corn production. This research was undertaken to evaluate and compare the field performance of KDC and WS mini combine harvester which included the field efficiency (FE), effective field capacity (EFC), fuel consumption (FC), field machine index (FMI) and total field time under similar field condition and soil properties. A time-motion study was conducted during harvesting in two consecutive growing seasons. The mean values of EFC, FE, FC, FMI and total field time for KDC were found to be 0.28 ha/hr, 50.00%, 16.85 l/ha, 0.84 and 3.55 hr/ha, respectively. The mean values of EFC, FE, FC, FMI and total field time for WS were found to be 0.25 ha/hr, 54.35%, 12.57 l/ha, 0.81 and 3.99 hr/ha, respectively. The statistical analysis (ANOVA) shows that there were no significant differences in field performance between both mini combine harvesters at 5% significance level (α = 0.05). Both mini combine harvesters had performed with consistent and reliable results in conducting the harvesting. This study concludes that the WS is more efficient than KDC in terms of FE and FC.

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PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF COMBINE HARVESTERS

Proceedings of the 7th International Scientific Conference Rural Development 2015 ◽

10.15544/rd.2015.014 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Jiří MAŠEK ◽

Petr NOVÁK ◽

Milan KROULÍK ◽

Algirdas JASINSKAS

Keyword(s):

Fuel Consumption ◽

Field Evaluation ◽

Performance Parameters ◽

Operation Performance ◽

Throughput Rate ◽

Combine Harvester ◽

Working Parameters ◽

Combine Harvesters ◽

Axial System ◽

Private Farm

The aim of this paper is a comparison of the operating parameters of combine harvesters in a selected farm. The working parameters were measured and evaluated on combine harvesters of the New Holland brand by different concepts of threshing. Field evaluation trials of combine harvester were carried out on private farm field in Central Bohemia region during the season of 2013 and 2014. Working parameters in this case mean the performance and economic indicators of the operation. Performance of the machines was measured per hectare, number of harvested hectares per day, respectively per hour or season. Fuel consumption was measured in litres and converted per hectare. Costs are calculated as fixed and variable and then summarized as total cost for a given machine. Experiments show differences in performance parameters of various threshing system of combine harvester. Tangential concept of NH CS660 had on average hourly performance of 3.1 ha h-1 the axial concept of NH CR960 had an average hourly performance of 4.6 ha h-1. Specific fuel consumption by the same throughput rate (6.5 kg s-1) is higher by using axial system (1.9 l t-1) than by tangential system (1.2 l t-1).

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Anti-nutritional substances (GSL) in winter oilseed rape depending on the biostimulators used

Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B - Soil & Plant Science ◽

10.1080/09064710.2021.1921251 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Anna Sikorska ◽

Marek Gugała ◽

Krystyna Zarzecka

Keyword(s):

Oilseed Rape ◽

Winter Oilseed Rape

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Using Quantile Regression to Analyze the Relationship between Socioeconomic Indicators and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in G20 Countries

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13137011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 7011

Author(s):

Abdulaziz A. Alotaibi ◽

Naif Alajlan

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Quantile Regression ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Fossil Fuel ◽

Trade Openness ◽

Policy Coordination ◽

Socioeconomic Indicators ◽

Control Variables ◽

Fossil Fuel Consumption

Numerous studies addressed the impacts of social development and economic growth on the environment. This paper presents a study about the inclusive impact of social and economic factors on the environment by analyzing the association between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and two socioeconomic indicators, namely, Human Development Index (HDI) and Legatum Prosperity Index (LPI), under the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework. To this end, we developed a two-stage methodology. At first, a multivariate model was constructed that accurately explains CO2 emissions by selecting the appropriate set of control variables based on model quality statistics. The control variables include GDP per capita, urbanization, fossil fuel consumption, and trade openness. Then, quantile regression was used to empirically analyze the inclusive relationship between CO2 emissions and the socioeconomic indicators, which revealed many interesting results. First, decreasing CO2 emissions was coupled with inclusive socioeconomic development. Both LPI and HDI had a negative marginal relationship with CO2 emissions at quantiles from 0.2 to 1. Second, the EKC hypothesis was valid for G20 countries during the study period with an inflection point around quantile 0.15. Third, the fossil fuel consumption had a significant positive relation with CO2 emissions, whereas urbanization and trade openness had a negative relation during the study period. Finally, this study empirically indicates that effective policies and policy coordination on broad social, living, and economic dimensions can lead to reductions in CO2 emissions while preserving inclusive growth.

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A novel deletion in FLOWERING LOCUS T modulates flowering time in winter oilseed rape

Theoretical and Applied Genetics ◽

10.1007/s00122-021-03768-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Paul Vollrath ◽

Harmeet S. Chawla ◽

Sarah V. Schiessl ◽

Iulian Gabur ◽

HueyTyng Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Association Mapping ◽

Flowering Time ◽

Oilseed Rape ◽

Major Effect ◽

Structural Variants ◽

Winter Oilseed Rape ◽

Flowering Locus T ◽

Winter Type ◽

Long Read ◽

Flowering Locus

Abstract Key message A novel structural variant was discovered in the FLOWERING LOCUS T orthologue BnaFT.A02 by long-read sequencing. Nested association mapping in an elite winter oilseed rape population revealed that this 288 bp deletion associates with early flowering, putatively by modification of binding-sites for important flowering regulation genes. Abstract Perfect timing of flowering is crucial for optimal pollination and high seed yield. Extensive previous studies of flowering behavior in Brassica napus (canola, rapeseed) identified mutations in key flowering regulators which differentiate winter, semi-winter and spring ecotypes. However, because these are generally fixed in locally adapted genotypes, they have only limited relevance for fine adjustment of flowering time in elite cultivar gene pools. In crosses between ecotypes, the ecotype-specific major-effect mutations mask minor-effect loci of interest for breeding. Here, we investigated flowering time in a multiparental mapping population derived from seven elite winter oilseed rape cultivars which are fixed for major-effect mutations separating winter-type rapeseed from other ecotypes. Association mapping revealed eight genomic regions on chromosomes A02, C02 and C03 associating with fine modulation of flowering time. Long-read genomic resequencing of the seven parental lines identified seven structural variants coinciding with candidate genes for flowering time within chromosome regions associated with flowering time. Segregation patterns for these variants in the elite multiparental population and a diversity set of winter types using locus-specific assays revealed significant associations with flowering time for three deletions on chromosome A02. One of these was a previously undescribed 288 bp deletion within the second intron of FLOWERING LOCUS T on chromosome A02, emphasizing the advantage of long-read sequencing for detection of structural variants in this size range. Detailed analysis revealed the impact of this specific deletion on flowering-time modulation under extreme environments and varying day lengths in elite, winter-type oilseed rape.

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Longitudinal Axial Flow Rice Thresher Performance Optimization Using the Taguchi Technique

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11020088 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 88

Author(s):

Mohamed Anwer Abdeen ◽

Abouelnadar Elsayed Salem ◽

Guozhong Zhang

Keyword(s):

Performance Optimization ◽

Feed Rate ◽

Axial Flow ◽

Feeding Rates ◽

Power Requirement ◽

Rotating Speed ◽

Seed Loss ◽

Harvesting Process ◽

Combine Harvesters ◽

Working Device

Combine harvesters are widely used worldwide in harvesting many crops, and they have many functions that cover the entire harvesting process, such as cutting, threshing, separating, and cleaning. The threshing drum is the core working device of the combine harvester and plays an influential role in rice threshing efficiency, threshing power requirement, and seed loss. In this study, two structures of rice threshers (conical-shaped and cylindrical-shaped) were tested and evaluated for performance under different thresher rotating speeds of 1100, 1300, and 1500 rpm and different feeding rates of 0.8, 1.1, and 1.4 kg/s. The experiment was designed using the Taguchi method, and the obtained results were evaluated using the same technique. The thresher structure and operating parameters were assessed and optimized with reference to threshing efficiency, required power, and productivity. The obtained results revealed that increasing thresher rotating speed and the feeding rate positively related to threshing efficiency, power, and productivity. The highest efficiency of 98% and the maximum productivity of 0.64 kg/s were obtained using the conical-shaped thresher under a 1500 rpm rotating speed and a feed rate of 1.4 kg/s, whereas the minimum required power of 5.45 kW was obtained using the conical thresher under a rotating speed of 1100 rpm and a feed rate of 0.8 kg/s.

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