scholarly journals Comparison of field performances between two typical mini combine harvesters in grain corn production

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Total Field ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Time Motion ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Combine Harvesters

A mini combine harvester was efficiently designed and developed to harvest grain corn on a small scale farm in order to reduce manpower and operating time as delayed harvesting leads to grain loss. Two typical mini combine harvesters namely Kubota DC105X (KDC) and World Star 7.0Plus (WS) have been introduced to farmers as high output, low fuel consumption and ease of maintenance in grain corn production. This research was undertaken to evaluate and compare the field performance of KDC and WS mini combine harvester which included the field efficiency (FE), effective field capacity (EFC), fuel consumption (FC), field machine index (FMI) and total field time under similar field condition and soil properties. A time-motion study was conducted during harvesting in two consecutive growing seasons. The mean values of EFC, FE, FC, FMI and total field time for KDC were found to be 0.28 ha/hr, 50.00%, 16.85 l/ha, 0.84 and 3.55 hr/ha, respectively. The mean values of EFC, FE, FC, FMI and total field time for WS were found to be 0.25 ha/hr, 54.35%, 12.57 l/ha, 0.81 and 3.99 hr/ha, respectively. The statistical analysis (ANOVA) shows that there were no significant differences in field performance between both mini combine harvesters at 5% significance level (α = 0.05). Both mini combine harvesters had performed with consistent and reliable results in conducting the harvesting. This study concludes that the WS is more efficient than KDC in terms of FE and FC.

scholarly journals Development of Electrically Aerated Stove for Pyrolyzed Briquettes

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
O. K. Fadele ◽  
M. B. Usman ◽  
O. C. Ariyo ◽  
U. U. Emeghara ◽  
D. O. Adelani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Burning Rate ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Parameters ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Wood Shavings ◽  
The Mean

In this study, an electrically aerated stove was developed using locally available materials. The performance of the stove was evaluated by utilizing briquettes produced from pyrolyzed jatropha shell and Eucalyptus camadulensis wood shavings. Thermal parameters such as thermal efficiency, power output, specific fuel consumption and burning rate were determined. The mean values obtained for the thermal efficiency, power output, specific fuel consumption and burning rate were 7.62 %, 1685 J/s, 0.2377 g/g, 330.90 g/hr respectively. The performance of the briquette stove was considered to not be suboptimal. The thermal efficiency can further be improved by proper insulation and adequate utilization of the heat generated in the combustion chamber.

Workload measurement in subspecialty dermatopathology

2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
G J Horne ◽  
D F Barber ◽  
A K Bruecks ◽  
R T A Maung ◽  
M J Trotter
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Time Motion ◽  
Workload Measurement ◽  
Motion Study ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pathology Reports ◽  
Time Required

Aim:To measure pathologist workload in subspecialty dermatopathology.Methods:Three subspecialty dermatopathologists, working in a university-affiliated laboratory, participated in a time–motion study during which they reported 2891 consecutive skin cases received from community-based dermatologists. All pathology reports were retrospectively reviewed and workload measured using the Royal College of Pathologists (RCPath) guidelines and the level 4 equivalent (L4E) method.Results:The majority of dermatopathology cases were scored as low (32%) or intermediate (52%) complexity using the RCPath matrix. Only 16% of cases were considered high or very high complexity. The mean RCPath score per case was 2.68 units. Using L4E complexity levels, 83% of specimens were level 3, 15% were level 4, and only 2% were higher complexity (levels 5 and 6). Mean values for specimens/case, blocks/case, and slides/case were 1.31, 1.52, and 2.92, respectively. Time–motion analysis demonstrated a mean workload per hour of 16.3 cases, 21.3 specimens, 45.1 slides, 43.0 RCPath units, and 12.2 L4E. All three dermatopathologists reported >35 RCPath units per hour.Conclusions:The RCPath histopathology workload guidelines underestimate the workload achievable by an experienced dermatopathologist, and thus are not directly applicable to subspecialty dermatopathology practice. Hourly work rates 3–4 times that recommended by the RCPath workload matrix are routinely achievable, but extrapolation to yearly workload estimates requires detailed knowledge of practice pattern and time required for non-clinical duties such as teaching, research and administration.

scholarly journals RICE LOSSES CHARACTERISTICS IN VARIOUS HARVESTING METHODS

AGROFOR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza ALLAMEH ◽  
Mohammad Reza ALIZADEH
Keyword(s):  
Field Performance ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Loss Reduction ◽  
Broken Rice ◽  
Harvesting Method ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Combine Harvesters

Grain loss is inevitable during harvesting operations and attempts are made to identify and minimize that. In this study, field performance of five different harvesting methods were assessed which included three indirect harvesting methods of (i) manual cutting + threshing by a tractor driven thresher (T1), (ii) rice reaper + threshing by a tractor driven thresher (T2), (iii) rice reaper + threshing by universal combine harvester equipped with pickup type header (T3), and two direct harvesting methods of (iv) head-feed rice combine (T4), and (v) whole-crop rice combine (T5). The results revealed that the maximum and minimum effective field capacity related to whole-crop combine (0.361 ha h-1) and manual cutting (0.009 ha h-1), respectively. Quantitative losses (grain and panicle shattering) in harvesting and threshing obtained to be 2.58% and 2.33% in average on indirect harvesting (T1, T2 and T3) and direct harvesting (T4 and T5), respectively which were not significant statistically. The average qualitative losses (broken, husked and cracked grains) were 2.30% for indirect harvesting and 0.61% for direct harvesting that showed a decline of 63.3% compared to indirect harvesting. Total harvesting losses were 5.07% for T3 (maximum) and 2.74% for T4 (minimum). The harvesting method affected the percentage of broken rice after milling significantly. The average broken rice for T1, T2 and T3 was 23.72, 23.28 and 24.56% respectively which were significantly higher than T4 (21.05%) and T5 (20.87%). Also, in the view of loss reduction, applying rice combine harvesters had priority respect to indirect harvesting methods.

scholarly journals REDUCTION IN ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE OPERATION OF COMBINE HARVESTERS DURING THE HARVESTING OF WINTER OILSEED RAPE

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudvikas Špokas ◽  
Dainius Steponavičius ◽  
Gediminas Žebrauskas ◽  
Aušra Čiplienė ◽  
Laimis Bauša
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Carbon Equivalent ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Combine Harvesters ◽  
Mass Feed

When harvesting winter oilseed rape (WOSR), leaving higher (~0.3–0.4 m) crop stubble is an effective method of reducing fuel consumption and contaminant emissions of a combine harvester equipped with the tangential threshing apparatus and straw walkers. At a speed of 4 km h−1, when the stubble height of WOSR was increased from 0.2 to 0.4 m, the mass of material other than grain (MOG) fed to the harvester was reduced by 7 t h−1, resulting in a reduction of 6.2 l h−1 in fuel consumption, 5.7 kg h−1 in carbon equivalent (CE), and 16.3 kg h−1 in CO2 emissions. A more accurate estimate of harvester performance is the fuel consumption per ton of threshed seeds. On increasing the MOG mass feed rate to 15.6 t h−1, the fuel consumption per ton of threshed rapeseeds decreased to 3.33 l t−1, CE reached 40.2 kg h−1 or 3.0 kg t−1, and CO2 emissions reached 121.3 kg h−1 or 9.2 kg t−1 of threshed rapeseed. When optimizing the automatic speed control system of the combine harvester, the MOG mass feed rate, the permissible limit of seed losses, and fuel consumption per ton of threshed seeds must be considered.

scholarly journals Performance of Mid-Size Combine Harvester of Grain Corn on the Field Efficiency and Energy Consumption at the Northern Johor of Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Hairie Masroon ◽  
Nazmi Mat Nawi ◽  
Azmi Yahya ◽  
Mohamad Firdza Mohamad Shukery ◽  
Mohamed Ezzeldien Salih Amin
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Field Efficiency

A mid-size combine harvester with 2.76 m reaping width and 103.53 hp engine output has been employed in grain corn production, especially by small-scale grain corn farmers. This study attempted to determine field performances of a typical mid-size combine harvester by measuring its effective field capacity (EFC), field efficiency (FE), fuel consumption (FC) and field machine index (FMI). Different types of energy inputs such as fuel, machinery, human, included direct, indirect, renewable and non-renewable energy involved in grain corn harvesting were also measured. The field measurements were carried out in 3 ha of grain corn farm, under similar field conditions using a typical mid-size combine harvester. The average values of EFC, FE, FC and FMI for the mid-size combine harvester were found to be 0.23 ha/h, 34.97%, 37.25 lit/ha and 0.91, respectively. The average equivalent energy values of fuel, machinery and human energy were 1780.70 MJ/ha, 587.73 MJ/ha and 8.53 MJ/ha, respectively. The average values of the direct and indirect energy were 1789.23 MJ/ha and 587.73 MJ/ha, respectively. The average values of renewable and non-renewable energy were recorded at 8.53 MJ/ha and 2368.42 MJ/ha, respectively. The mid-size combine harvester investigated in this study exhibited good field performance characteristic using a reasonable amount of energy consumption as compared to harvesting operation for other grain crops. From the results, it can be concluded that good practice in harvesting operation could improve field performance, and minimise operational costs and energy consumption.

scholarly journals The experimental research of combine harvesters

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 106-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Špokas ◽  
V. Adamčuk ◽  
V. Bulgakov ◽  
L. Nozdrovický
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Combine Harvesters ◽  
Crop Stand ◽  
Grain Losses

The paper presents results of the experimental research of a middle-size combine harvester when used for harvest of winter wheat and spring barley in heavy harvest conditions. Based on the results obtained, it was possible to determine the effect of field conditions on the crop mass flow in combine harvester, grain losses, fuel consumption, and combine harvester field performance. It was found that grain moisture content and conditions of the crop stand have a significant effect on the work indicators of the combine harvester when compared with its technological parameters and crop mass flow. 

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF COMBINE HARVESTERS

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří MAŠEK ◽  
Petr NOVÁK ◽  
Milan KROULÍK ◽  
Algirdas JASINSKAS
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Operation Performance ◽  
Throughput Rate ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Working Parameters ◽  
Combine Harvesters ◽  
Axial System ◽  
Private Farm

The aim of this paper is a comparison of the operating parameters of combine harvesters in a selected farm. The working parameters were measured and evaluated on combine harvesters of the New Holland brand by different concepts of threshing. Field evaluation trials of combine harvester were carried out on private farm field in Central Bohemia region during the season of 2013 and 2014. Working parameters in this case mean the performance and economic indicators of the operation. Performance of the machines was measured per hectare, number of harvested hectares per day, respectively per hour or season. Fuel consumption was measured in litres and converted per hectare. Costs are calculated as fixed and variable and then summarized as total cost for a given machine. Experiments show differences in performance parameters of various threshing system of combine harvester. Tangential concept of NH CS660 had on average hourly performance of 3.1 ha h-1 the axial concept of NH CR960 had an average hourly performance of 4.6 ha h-1. Specific fuel consumption by the same throughput rate (6.5 kg s-1) is higher by using axial system (1.9 l t-1) than by tangential system (1.2 l t-1).

scholarly journals Spatial Variations of Stirring in the Surface Ocean: A Case Study of the Tasman Sea

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darryn W. Waugh ◽  
Edward R. Abraham ◽  
Melissa M. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Finite Time Lyapunov Exponents ◽  
Surface Ocean ◽  
Tasman Sea ◽  
Coherent Vortex ◽  
Dynamical Features ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Stirring in the Tasman Sea is examined using surface geostrophic currents derived from satellite altimeter measurements. Calculations of the distribution of finite-time Lyapunov exponents (FTLEs) indicate that the stirring in this region is not uniform and stretching rates over 15 days vary from less than 0.02 day−1 to over 0.3 day−1. These variations occur at both small (∼10 km) and large (∼1000 km) scales and in both cases are linked to dynamical features of the flow. The small-scale variations are related to the characteristics of coherent vortex structures, and there are low FTLEs inside vortices and filaments of high FTLEs in strain-dominated regions surrounding these vortices. Regional variations in the stirring are closely related to variations in mesoscale activity and eddy kinetic energy (EKE). High values of mean FTLE occur in regions of high EKE (highest mean values of around 0.2 day−1 occur in the East Australia Current separation region) whereas small values occur in regions with low EKE (mean values around 0.03 day−1 in the east Tasman Sea). There is a compact relationship between the mean FTLEs and EKE, raising the possibility of using the easily calculated EKE to estimate the stirring. This possibility is even more intriguing because the FTLE distributions can be approximated, for the time scales considered here, by Weibull distributions with shape parameter equal to 1.6, which can be defined from the mean value alone.

Articulatory Behavior Pre and Post Full-Mouth Tooth Extraction and Alveoloplasty

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 630-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Zimmermann ◽  
J.A. Scott Kelso ◽  
Larry Lander
Keyword(s):  
Control Subject ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Articulatory Movements ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Subjects ◽  
Normal Speech

High speed cinefluorography was used to track articulatory movements preceding and following full-mouth tooth extraction and alveoloplasty in two subjects. Films also were made of a control subject on two separate days. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of dramatically altering the structural dimensions of the oral cavity on the kinematic parameters of speech. The results showed that the experimental subjects performed differently pre and postoperatively though the changes were in different directions for the two subjects. Differences in both means and variabilities of kinematic parameters were larger between days for the experimental (operated) subjects than for the control subject. The results for the Control subject also showed significant differences in the mean values of kinematic variables between days though these day-to-day differences could not account for the effects found pre- and postoperatively. The results of the kinematic analysis, particularly the finding that transition time was most stable over the experimental conditions for the operated subjects, are used to speculate about the coordination of normal speech.

Comparative Study of Intranasal, Subcutaneous and Intravenous Administration of Desamino-D-Arginine Vasopressin (DDAVP)

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (01) ◽  
pp. 108-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Köhler ◽  
P Hellstern ◽  
C Miyashita ◽  
G von Blohn ◽  
E Wenzel
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Von Willebrand Factor ◽  
Factor Xii ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor ◽  
Factor Antigen

SummaryThis study was performed to evaluate the influence of different routes of administration on the efficacy of DDAVP treatment. Ten healthy volunteers received DDAVP intranasally (i.n.), subcutaneously (s.c.) and intravenously (i.v.) in a randomized cross-over trial. Factor XII and high molecular weight (HMW)-kininogen levels increased only slightly after DDAVP administration. The mean increase of factor VIII: C was 3.1 (i. v.), 2.3 (s. c.), and 1.3 (i.n.) - fold over baseline. Ristocetin cofactor (von Willebrand factor antigen) increased 3.1 (2.5), 2.0 (2.3) and 1.2 (1.2) - fold over baseline mean values after i.v., s.c. and i.n. DDAVP, respectively. The half-disappearance time of factor VIII and von Willebrand factor (vWF) after DDAVP ranged from five (factor VIII: C) to eight hours (vWF). The mean increase of fibrinolytic activity was more pronounced after i.v. DDAVP. The antidiuretic effect was moderate with no apparent differences between the routes of application. This study provides further evidence that both i.v. and s.c. DDAVP administration result in an appropriate and reliable stimulation of haemostasis. An additional advantage of s. c. administration is its suitability for home treatment.

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