scholarly journals The Eccentric and Accelerating Stellar Binary Black Hole Mergers in Galactic Nuclei: Observing in Ground and Space Gravitational-wave Observatories

2021 ◽  
Vol 923 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Fupeng Zhang ◽  
Xian Chen ◽  
Lijing Shao ◽  
Kohei Inayoshi
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
High Eccentricity ◽  
Massive Black Hole ◽  
Binary Black Holes ◽  
Binary Black Hole ◽  
Space Observatories

Abstract We study the stellar binary black holes (BBHs) inspiraling/merging in galactic nuclei based on our numerical method GNC. We find that 3%–40% of all newborn BBHs will finally merge due to various dynamical effects. In a five-year mission, up to 104, 105, and ∼100 of BBHs inspiraling/merging in galactic nuclei can be detected with signal-to-noise ration >8 in Advanced LIGO (aLIGO), Einstein/DECIGO, and TianQin/LISA/TaiJi, respectively. Roughly tens are detectable in both LISA/TaiJi/TianQin and aLIGO. These BBHs have two unique characteristics. (1) Significant eccentricities: 1%–3%, 2%–7%, or 30%–90% of them have e i > 0.1 when they enter into aLIGO, Einstein, or space observatories, respectively. Such high eccentricities provide a possible explanation for that of GW190521. Most highly eccentric BBHs are not detectable in LISA/Tianqin/TaiJi before entering into aLIGO/Einstein, as their strain becomes significant only at f GW ≳ 0.1 Hz. DECIGO becomes an ideal observatory to detect those events, as it can fully cover the rising phase. (2) Up to 2% of BBHs can inspiral/merge at distances ≲103 r SW from the massive black hole, with significant accelerations, such that the Doppler phase drift of ∼10–105 of them can be detected with signal-to-noise ratio >8 in space observatories. The energy density of the gravitational-wave backgrounds (GWBs) contributed by these BBHs deviates from the power-law slope of 2/3 at f GW ≲ 1 mHz. The high eccentricity, significant accelerations, and the different profile of the GWB of these sources make them distinguishable, and thus interesting for future gravitational-wave detections and tests of relativities.

scholarly journals Constrains on the electric charges of the binary black holes with GWTC-1 events

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Tang Wang ◽  
Peng-Cheng Li ◽  
Jin-Liang Jiang ◽  
Guan-Wen Yuan ◽  
Yi-Ming Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Electric Charge ◽  
Modified Gravity ◽  
Fisher Information Matrix ◽  
Information Matrix ◽  
Charge Effect ◽  
Leading Order ◽  
Binary Black Holes ◽  
Binary Black Hole

AbstractTesting black hole’s charged property is a fascinating topic in modified gravity and black hole astrophysics. In the first Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC-1), ten binary black hole merger events have been formally reported, and these gravitational wave signals have significantly enhanced our understanding of the black hole. In this paper, we try to constrain the amount of electric charge with the parameterized post-Einsteinian framework by treating the electric charge as a small perturbation in a Bayesian way. We find that the current limits in our work are consistent with the result of Fisher information matrix method in previous works. We also develop a waveform model considering a leading order charge effect for binary black hole inspiral.

scholarly journals Black Hole Models of Quasars

1986 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 359-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Blandford
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Active Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Cosmic Time ◽  
Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Seyfert Galaxies ◽  
Massive Black Hole ◽  
Binary Black Holes ◽  
Electron Positron ◽  
Gas Supply

Observations of active galactic nuclei are interpreted in terms of a theoretical model involving accretion onto a massive black hole. Optical quasars and Seyfert galaxies are associated with holes accreting near the Eddington rate and radio galaxies with sub-critical accretion. It is argued that magnetic fields are largely responsible for extracting energy and angular momentum from black holes and disks. Recent studies of electron-positron pair plasmas and their possible role in establishing the emergent X-ray spectrum are reviewed. The main evolutionary properties of active galactic nuclei can be interpreted in terms of a simple model in which black holes accrete gas at a rate dictated by the rate of gas supply which decreases with cosmic time. It may be worth searching for eclipsing binary black holes in lower power Seyferts.

scholarly journals Searching for eccentricity: signatures of dynamical formation in the first gravitational-wave transient catalogue of LIGO and Virgo

2019 ◽  
Vol 490 (4) ◽  
pp. 5210-5216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isobel M Romero-Shaw ◽  
Paul D Lasky ◽  
Eric Thrane
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Globular Clusters ◽  
Reference Frequency ◽  
Binary Black Holes ◽  
Binary Black Hole ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Formation History

ABSTRACT Binary black holes are thought to form primarily via two channels: isolated evolution and dynamical formation. The component masses, spins, and eccentricity of a binary black hole system provide clues to its formation history. We focus on eccentricity, which can be a signature of dynamical formation. Employing the spin-aligned eccentric waveform model seobnre, we perform Bayesian inference to measure the eccentricity of binary black hole merger events in the first gravitational-wave transient catalogue of LIGO and Virgo. We find that all of these events are consistent with zero eccentricity. We set upper limits on eccentricity ranging from 0.02 to 0.05 with 90  per cent confidence at a reference frequency of $10\, {\rm Hz}$. These upper limits do not significantly constrain the fraction of LIGO–Virgo events formed dynamically in globular clusters, because only $\sim 5{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ are expected to merge with measurable eccentricity. However, with the gravitational-wave transient catalogue set to expand dramatically over the coming months, it may soon be possible to significantly constrain the fraction of mergers taking place in globular clusters using eccentricity measurements.

scholarly journals Source properties of the lowest signal-to-noise-ratio binary black hole detections

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwen Huang ◽  
Carl-Johan Haster ◽  
Javier Roulet ◽  
Salvatore Vitale ◽  
Aaron Zimmerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Binary Black Hole ◽  
Noise Ratio

scholarly journals Formation of counter-rotating and highly eccentric massive black hole binaries in galaxy mergers

2021 ◽  
Vol 503 (1) ◽  
pp. 498-510
Author(s):  
Imran Tariq Nasim ◽  
Cristobal Petrovich ◽  
Adam Nasim ◽  
Fani Dosopoulou ◽  
Fabio Antonini
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Dynamical Evolution ◽  
Orbital Plane ◽  
Equal Mass ◽  
Galaxy Mergers ◽  
High Eccentricity ◽  
Massive Black Hole ◽  
Black Hole Binaries ◽  
Binary Evolution

ABSTRACT Supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries represent the main target for missions such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna and Pulsar Timing Arrays. The understanding of their dynamical evolution prior to coalescence is therefore crucial to improving detection strategies and for the astrophysical interpretation of the gravitational wave data. In this paper, we use high-resolution N-body simulations to model the merger of two equal-mass galaxies hosting a central SMBH. In our models, all binaries are initially prograde with respect to the galaxy sense of rotation. But, binaries that form with a high eccentricity, e ≳ 0.7, quickly reverse their sense of rotation and become almost perfectly retrograde at the moment of binary formation. The evolution of these binaries proceeds towards larger eccentricities, as expected for a binary hardening in a counter-rotating stellar distribution. Binaries that form with lower eccentricities remain prograde and at comparatively low eccentricities. We study the origin of the orbital flip by using an analytical model that describes the early stages of binary evolution. This model indicates that the orbital plane flip is due to the torque from the triaxial background mass distribution that naturally arises from the galactic merger process. Our results imply the existence of a population of SMBH binaries with a high eccentricity and could have significant implications for the detection of the gravitational wave signal emitted by these systems.

scholarly journals Implications of Eccentric Observations on Binary Black Hole Formation Channels

2021 ◽  
Vol 921 (2) ◽  
pp. L43
Author(s):  
Michael Zevin ◽  
Isobel M. Romero-Shaw ◽  
Kyle Kremer ◽  
Eric Thrane ◽  
Paul D. Lasky
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Star Clusters ◽  
Selection Effects ◽  
Orbital Eccentricity ◽  
Hole Formation ◽  
Local Universe ◽  
Binary Black Holes ◽  
Binary Black Hole

Abstract Orbital eccentricity is one of the most robust discriminators for distinguishing between dynamical and isolated formation scenarios of binary black hole mergers using gravitational-wave observatories such as LIGO and Virgo. Using state-of-the-art cluster models, we show how selection effects impact the detectable distribution of eccentric mergers from clusters. We show that the observation (or lack thereof) of eccentric binary black hole mergers can significantly constrain the fraction of detectable systems that originate from dynamical environments, such as dense star clusters. After roughly 150 observations, observing no eccentric binary signals would indicate that clusters cannot make up the majority of the merging binary black hole population in the local universe (95% credibility). However, if dense star clusters dominate the rate of eccentric mergers and a single system is confirmed to be measurably eccentric in the first and second gravitational-wave transient catalogs, clusters must account for at least 14% of detectable binary black hole mergers. The constraints on the fraction of detectable systems from dense star clusters become significantly tighter as the number of eccentric observations grows and will be constrained to within 0.5 dex once 10 eccentric binary black holes are observed.

scholarly journals Multiband observation of LIGO/Virgo binary black hole mergers in the gravitational-wave transient catalog GWTC-1

2020 ◽  
Vol 496 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Liu ◽  
Lijing Shao ◽  
Junjie Zhao ◽  
Yong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Stellar Mass ◽  
Large Signal ◽  
Binary Black Holes ◽  
New Era ◽  
Binary Black Hole ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Multiple Detectors

ABSTRACT The Advanced LIGO and Virgo detectors opened a new era to study black holes (BHs) in our Universe. A population of stellar-mass binary black holes (BBHs) are discovered to be heavier than previously expected. These heavy BBHs provide us an opportunity to achieve multiband observation with ground-based and space-based gravitational-wave (GW) detectors. In this work, we use BBHs discovered by the LIGO/Virgo Collaboration as indubitable examples, and study in great detail the prospects for multiband observation with GW detectors in the near future. We apply the Fisher matrix to spinning, non-precessing inspiral-merger-ringdown waveforms, while taking the motion of space-based GW detectors fully into account. Our analysis shows that, detectors with decihertz sensitivity are expected to log stellar-mass BBH signals with very large signal-to-noise ratio and provide accurate parameter estimation, including the sky location and time to coalescence. Furthermore, the combination of multiple detectors will achieve unprecedented measurement of BBH properties. As an explicit example, we present the multiband sensitivity to the generic dipole radiation for BHs, which is vastly important for the equivalence principle in the foundation of gravitation, in particular for those theories that predict curvature-induced scalarization of BHs.

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