scholarly journals An outbreak of tularemia in southwestern Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (06) ◽  
pp. 812-817
Author(s):  
Murat Kutlu ◽  
Çağrı Ergin ◽  
Aynur Karadenizli ◽  
Selda Sayın Kutlu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water System ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Outbreak Investigation ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Waterborne Outbreak ◽  
The People ◽  
Drinking Water System ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Village

Introduction: Tularemia has reemerged and spread throughout Turkey, and the number of cases has increased. In this study, we report on a waterborne outbreak of tularemia in the spring of 2013 in a region which was previously disease-free, and we investigated the reasons for the outbreak. Methodology: The index case, a 17-year-old male, was diagnosed with oropharyngeal tularemia. An outbreak investigation was initiated after receiving information from other patients with similar symptoms from the same village along with Balkıca, Tavas, and Denizli. An epidemiological and environmental investigation was conducted. Tonsil swab specimens/lymph node aspirates collected from patients, and water samples collected from unchlorinated drinking water sources, were cultured. Additionally, a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on these samples. Serum samples from patients were analyzed for antibody response. Results: A total of 7 patients were found in this outbreak investigation. The attack rate was found to be 1% among the people of the village and 25% among patients’ family members. The drinking-water system was contaminated with F. tularensis during this outbreak. Conclusions: Lack of appropriate water infrastructure and sanitation was the primary reason for this tularemia outbreak in Turkey. Improving the water source infrastructure and sanitation should be the primary approach to preventing tularemia outbreaks.

scholarly journals Microbiological water quality in a decentralized Arctic drinking water system

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 1855-1868
Author(s):  
Stephanie L. Gora ◽  
Tim Anaviapik Soucie ◽  
Nicole E. McCormick ◽  
C. Carolina Ontiveros ◽  
Vincent L'Hérault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water System ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
System P ◽  
Drinking Water System ◽  
Microbiological Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Drinking water samples were collected from the water source, water delivery truck, domestic water storage tanks, and at the point of use in a decentralized drinking water system in Pond Inlet, Nunavut, a predominantly Inuit community in Canada's Arctic region.

scholarly journals Towards a Sustainable Small Non-Community Drinking Water System in Ontario: Owners’ Risk Awareness and Perceptions to Water Safety

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Fatih Sekercioglu ◽  
Jerry White ◽  
Dan Shrubsole ◽  
Jamie Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water System ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Risk Awareness ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Drinking Water System ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Drinking Water Systems

In Ontario, small non-community drinking water systems are defined as systems that make drinking water available to the public and are not connected to a community drinking water system. This study, using qualitative research approach, examines the risk awareness and perceptions of small non-community drinking water system owners in providing safe drinking water to their clients and protecting their water source. Our study yields the need for developing a sustainable operation model for small non-community drinking water systems. The study results provide recommendations to the regulatory agency for effective and efficient administration of the program such as offering customized and affordable training opportunities and developing effective communication strategies for owners and operators.

scholarly journals Influence of an Extended Domestic Drinking Water System on the Drinking Water Quality

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Zlatanović ◽  
Aleksandra Knezev ◽  
Jan van der Hoek ◽  
Jan Vreeburg
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water System ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water System

Removal of N-nitrosamine precursors in drinking water system using adsorption methods

2015 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 972-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qihua Wu ◽  
Honglan Shi ◽  
Yinfa Ma ◽  
Craig Adams ◽  
Hua Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water System ◽  
Drinking Water System

Access to Safe Drinking Water

2020 ◽  
pp. 1544-1558
Author(s):  
Robert Cecil Willems ◽  
Steve A. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Water System ◽  
Vested Interest ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Majority World ◽  
The People

The focus of this chapter is to demonstrate that providing safe drinking water to communities in Majority World countries, specifically Kenya, Africa, is easily accomplished. Any water system, in order to be successfully constructed in impoverished Majority World communities, must be simple and inexpensive and the benefiting community must have a vested interest and ownership for the system to be effective. Establishing a vested interest by water recipients requires that the people providing the water purification technology understand the culture and worldview of the water system recipients. This approach is supported by literature review but more so by empirical evidence gathered by both authors.

scholarly journals Exploring the relationships between small non-community drinking water system characteristics and water system performance in Ontario, Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 998-1008
Author(s):  
Wendy Pons ◽  
Ian Young ◽  
David Pearl ◽  
Andria Jones-Bitton ◽  
Scott A. McEwen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water System ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Drinking Water System ◽  
Training Opportunities ◽  
System Characteristics ◽  
Test Result

The objectives of this work were to investigate the relationships between characteristics of small non-community drinking water systems (SDWSs) and the performance of these systems with respect to Escherichia coli testing and risk ratings. Ontario-wide SDWS data were analysed using regression models with outcomes of (1) having an adverse E. coli test result in the 12 months prior to the last inspection and (2) the SDWS risk rating (high/medium vs. low risk) that is assigned by public health inspectors. Almost 34% (2,364/7,003) of SDWSs did not utilize treatment, more commonly for ground water than surface supplies (P < 0.001). The odds of having a positive E. coli test result were greater in systems using ground water with treatment (OR = 2.00; 95% CI 1.23–3.24) and surface water with treatment (OR = 1.97; 95% CI 1.05–3.71) compared to ground water with no treatment. The odds of having a water system rated high or medium compared to low risk was greater if the water system operated seasonally (OR = 1.36; 95% CI 1.17–1.59), had an adverse E. coli test result (OR = 1.66; 95% CI 1.09–2.53), and in specific facility types. This research helps to inform existing training opportunities available to SDWS operators in Ontario, and to better standardize the SDWS risk assessment process.

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