Androgen Receptor and ETS-Like Protein-1 Expression of Prostate Cancer Correlates with Gleason Score International Society of Urological Pathology 2014/WHO 2016

AIM: Prostate cancer is the second most common and the fifth leading cause of death by cancer in men worldwide now. Grading based on Gleason score is a significant prognostic factor of prostate cancer. Androgen receptor (AR) plays important role in the initiation and progression of prostate cancer. AR signaling pathways in prostate cancer can also promote MAPK/ERK signaling pathways which activate ETS-like protein1 (Elk-1). METHODS: A total of 56 slides and paraffin blocks sampling of prostate cancer by consecutive from Department of Anatomical Pathology in West Sumatera. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stained slides were evaluated to review Gleason score, histopathological grading, and WHO grade group based on International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) 2014/WHO 2016. Immunohistochemistry staining of AR and Elk-1 was performed to analyze protein expression. RESULTS: Prostate cancers were found in mean age 70.68 ± 7.99 years. The most proportion of prostate cancer was Gleason score 9 (44.64%), histopathological grading poorly differentiated/undifferentiated (76.78%), and WHO grade Group 5 (48.21%). The positive expression AR of tumor cells 39 (69.64%) and Elk-1 34 (60.71%). Statistically, these results showed significant correlations of AR (p = 0.009) and Elk-1 (p = 0.012) with Gleason score. CONCLUSIONS: These results showed complex interactions between AR and Elk-1 initiation and progression of prostate cancer. Both variables indicated a significant correlation with Gleason score so that biomarkers prognostic potentially for prostate cancer.

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Androgen Receptor Expression of Prostate Cancer Correlates with Gleason Score and Perineural Invasion in West Sumatera, Indonesia

International Journal Of Medical Science And Clinical Invention ◽

10.18535/ijmsci/v7i11.010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 5125-5129

Author(s):

Anandia Putriyuni ◽

Meta Zulyati Oktora

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Androgen Receptor ◽

Gleason Score ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Perineural Invasion ◽

Receptor Expression ◽

Grade Group ◽

Who Grade ◽

Who Grade Group ◽

Histopathological Grading

Prostate cancer is the second most common and the fifth leading cause of death by cancer in men worldwide now. The failure of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer caused by activated androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathways mostly found. The role of AR in growth and progression of prostate cancer is still unclear. Analysis of AR expression in prostate cancer has never been done in West Sumatera. This study aims to determine AR expression of prostate cancer and correlate with Gleason score and perineural invasion. A total of 56 prostate cancer from department of anatomical pathology in West Sumatera. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stained slides and paraffin blocks were retrieved. Slides of all cases were evaluated to review Gleason score, histopathological grading, WHO grade group based on ISUP 2014/WHO 2016 and perineural invasion. Androgen receptor immunohistochemistry (IHC) was applied on all cases. High AR expression was the mostly found (51,79%). The mostly prostate cancer is Gleason score 9 (44,64%), histopathological grading poorly differentiated/undifferentiated (76,78%), WHO grade group 5 (48,21%). Perineural invasion was noted in 39,29%. There was significant statistical correlation between AR expression and Gleason score, but no significant correlation with perineural invasion. AR expression is the important marker of prostate cancer progression.

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Interplay Between SOX9, Wnt/β-Catenin and Androgen Receptor Signaling in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20092066 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (9) ◽

pp. 2066 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Namrata Khurana ◽

Suresh C. Sikka

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Androgen Receptor ◽

Signaling Pathways ◽

Critical Role ◽

Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽

Form Complex ◽

Androgen Receptor Signaling ◽

Castration Resistant ◽

Signaling Axis

Androgen receptor (AR) signaling plays a key role not only in the initiation of prostate cancer (PCa) but also in its transition to aggressive and invasive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, the crosstalk of AR with other signaling pathways contributes significantly to the emergence and growth of CRPC. Wnt/β-catenin signaling facilitates ductal morphogenesis in fetal prostate and its anomalous expression has been linked with PCa. β-catenin has also been reported to form complex with AR and thus augment AR signaling in PCa. The transcription factor SOX9 has been shown to be the driving force of aggressive and invasive PCa cells and regulate AR expression in PCa cells. Furthermore, SOX9 has also been shown to propel PCa by the reactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In this review, we discuss the critical role of SOX9/AR/Wnt/β-catenin signaling axis in the development and progression of CRPC. The phytochemicals like sulforaphane and curcumin that can concurrently target SOX9, AR and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in PCa may thus be beneficial in the chemoprevention of PCa.

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Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 2a Expression Is Positively Correlated With Gleason Score in Prostate Cancer

Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment ◽

10.1177/1533033821990010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. 153303382199001

Author(s):

Dimitrios Pavlakis ◽

Spyridon Kampantais ◽

Konstantinos Gkagkalidis ◽

Victoras Gourvas ◽

Dimitrios Memmos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Gleason Score ◽

Locally Advanced ◽

Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽

Immunohistochemical Expression ◽

Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer ◽

Grade Group ◽

Main Factors ◽

Hif Pathway ◽

Lower Expression

Background: One of the main factors in response to hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment is the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway. Although its role in other solid tumors, particularly renal cell carcinoma, has been sufficiently elucidated, it remains elusive in prostate cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of main proteins involved in this pathway and determine the correlation of the results with clinicopathological outcomes of patients with prostate cancer. Methods: The immunohistochemical expression of HIF-1a, HIF-2a and their regulators, prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD)1, PHD2 and PHD3 and factor inhibiting HIF (FIH), was assessed on a tissue microarray. This was constructed from radical prostatectomy specimens, involving both tumor and corresponding adjacent non-tumoral prostate tissues from 50 patients with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer. Results: In comparison with non-tumoral adjacent tissue, HIF-1a exhibited an equal or lower expression in 86% of the specimens (P = 0.017), while HIF-2a was overexpressed in 52% (P = 0.032) of the cases. HIF-1a protein expression was correlated with HIF-2a (P < 0.001), FIH (P = 0.004), PHD1 (P < 0.001), PHD2 (P < 0.001) and PHD3 (P = 0.035). HIF-2a expression was positively correlated with Gleason score (P = 0.017) and International Society of Urological Pathologists (ISUP) grade group (P = 0.022). Conclusions: The findings of the present study suggest a key role for HIF-2a in prostate cancer, as HIF-2a expression was found to be correlated with Gleason score and ISUP grade of the patients. However, further studies are required to validate these results and investigate the potential value of HIF-2a as a therapeutic target in prostate cancer.

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Correlation of the Grade Group of Prostate Cancer according to the International Society of Urological Pathology (Isup) 2014 Classification between Prostate Biopsy and Radical Prostatectomy Specimens

Cancer Investigation ◽

10.1080/07357907.2021.1881109 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-19

Author(s):

Serkan Akan ◽

Ediz Caner ◽

M. Cihan Temel ◽

Ferhat Ates ◽

Omer Yilmaz

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Radical Prostatectomy ◽

International Society ◽

Prostate Biopsy ◽

Grade Group

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Natural history of prostate cancer on active surveillance: stratification by MRI using the PRECISE recommendations in a UK cohort

European Radiology ◽

10.1007/s00330-020-07256-z ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Francesco Giganti ◽

Armando Stabile ◽

Vasilis Stavrinides ◽

Elizabeth Osinibi ◽

Adam Retter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Active Surveillance ◽

Gleason Score ◽

Rank Test ◽

Gleason Grade ◽

Clinical Progression ◽

Radiological Progression ◽

Grade Group ◽

Psa Density

Abstract Objectives The PRECISE recommendations for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients on active surveillance (AS) for prostate cancer (PCa) include repeated measurement of each lesion, and attribution of a PRECISE radiological progression score for the likelihood of clinically significant change over time. We aimed to compare the PRECISE score with clinical progression in patients who are managed using an MRI-led AS protocol. Methods A total of 553 patients on AS for low- and intermediate-risk PCa (up to Gleason score 3 + 4) who had two or more MRI scans performed between December 2005 and January 2020 were included. Overall, 2161 scans were retrospectively re-reported by a dedicated radiologist to give a PI-RADS v2 score for each scan and assess the PRECISE score for each follow-up scan. Clinical progression was defined by histological progression to ≥ Gleason score 4 + 3 (Gleason Grade Group 3) and/or initiation of active treatment. Progression-free survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test was used to assess differences between curves. Results Overall, 165/553 (30%) patients experienced the primary outcome of clinical progression (median follow-up, 74.5 months; interquartile ranges, 53–98). Of all patients, 313/553 (57%) did not show radiological progression on MRI (PRECISE 1–3), of which 296/313 (95%) had also no clinical progression. Of the remaining 240/553 patients (43%) with radiological progression on MRI (PRECISE 4–5), 146/240 (61%) experienced clinical progression (p < 0.0001). Patients with radiological progression on MRI (PRECISE 4-5) showed a trend to an increase in PSA density. Conclusions Patients without radiological progression on MRI (PRECISE 1-3) during AS had a very low likelihood of clinical progression and many could avoid routine re-biopsy. Key Points • Patients without radiological progression on MRI (PRECISE 1–3) during AS had a very low likelihood of clinical progression and many could avoid routine re-biopsy. • Clinical progression was almost always detectable in patients with radiological progression on MRI (PRECISE 4–5) during AS. • Patients with radiological progression on MRI (PRECISE 4–5) during AS showed a trend to an increase in PSA density.

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