scholarly journals Alkaloids of Peganum harmala L. and their Pharmacological Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 766-775
Author(s):  
Aidos Doskaliyev ◽  
Roza Seidakhmetova ◽  
D. S. Tutai ◽  
Kristina Goldaeva ◽  
V.K. Surov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Dopamine D2 Receptor ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase A ◽  
Antihypoxic Activity ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Peganum Harmala ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

Peganum harmala L. contains 17 alkaloids of quinazoline and indole structure types. Of these, harmaline, harmine, harmalol and L-peganin (vazicin) are pharmacologically active. It was established that of the alkaloids contained in the seeds, 50-95% is dominated by harmaline, harmine is dominated in the roots (67-74% of the total of extractive substances), and in the aerial part, the main mass is peganin (up to 78% of the total of alkaloids). Beta-carboline alkaloids of Peganum harmala L. inhibit monoamine oxidase, thereby exerting a neuroprotective effect. This article is devoted to the results of studies of the neurotropic action of harmine hydrochloride, when compared with the activity of the reference drug “Amitriptyline”. It was shown that the use of harmine hydrochloride helps to reduce the level of anxiety in animals under conditions of experimental psychoemotional chronic stress with prolonged administration. In the study of acute and chronic toxicity, it was determined that harmine hydrochloride belongs to the category of moderately toxic substances (hazard class II). According to the results of molecular docking, the presence of strong bonds in harmine hydrochloride with the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor, dopamine D2 receptor, as well as monoamine oxidase A and B was revealed, which indicates the implementation of the mechanism of neurotropic action of harmine hydrochloride at the level of synaptic neurotransmission of monoamines (dopamine, serotonin and others). It was also established that harmine hydrochloride eliminates haloperidol-induced catalepsy in rats, reduces oligokinesia and rigidity in the Parkinson’s test, has antihypoxic activity in the hypobaric hypoxia test, and exhibits pronounced antidepressant activity in the Porsolt’s test. In the course of the study of pharmacokinetics and bioavailability, it was revealed that with the administration of harmine hydrochloride, the quantitative content is quickly achieved and the concentration of the active substance in the blood significantly increases. The relative bioavailability of harmine hydrochloride is 112.7%.

scholarly journals Estrogen-Related Receptors-Stimulated Monoamine Oxidase B Promoter Activity Is Down-Regulated by Estrogen Receptors

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1547-1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiping Zhang ◽  
Kevin Chen ◽  
Jean C. Shih ◽  
Christina T. Teng
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Promoter Activity ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Α ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Gene Activity ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase A ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Mao B

Abstract Although there are studies published about the neuroprotective effect of estrogen, little is known about the mechanisms and cellular targets of the hormone. Recent reports demonstrate that estrogen down-regulates the expression of monoamine oxidase A and B (MAO-A and MAO-B) in the hypothalamus of the Macaques monkey, both of which are key isoenzymes in the neurotransmitter degradation pathway. Additionally, estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) up-regulates MAO-B gene expression in breast cancer cells. ERRα recognizes a variety of estrogen response elements and shares many target genes and coactivators with estrogen receptor α (ERα). In this study, we investigate the interplay of ERs and ERRs in the regulation of MAO-B promoter activity. We demonstrate that ERRα and ERRγ up-regulate MAO-B gene activity, whereas ERα and ERβ decrease stimulation in both a ligand-dependent and -independent manner. Ectopically expressed ERRα and ERRγ stimulate the expression of MAO-B mRNA and protein as well as increase the MAO-B enzymatic activity in ER-negative HeLa cells. The ability of ERRs to stimulate MAO-B promoter activity was reduced in ER-positive MCF-7 and T47D cells. Several AGGTCA motifs of the MAO-B promoter are responsible for up-regulation by ERRs. Interestingly, ERα or ERβ alone have no effect on MAO-B promoter activity but can down-regulate the activation function of ERRs, whereas glucocorticoid receptor does not. By using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we demonstrate that ERs compete with ERRs for binding to the MAO-B promoter at selective AGGTCA motifs, thereby changing the chromatin status and cofactor recruitment to a repressed state. These studies provide new insight into the relationship between ERα, ERβ, ERRα, and ERRγ in modulation of MAO-B gene activity.

Effects of Interaction Between Dopamine D2 Receptor and Monoamine Oxidase A Genes on Smoking Status in Young Men

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Ling Huang ◽  
Wei-Chih Ou ◽  
Pei-Lain Chen ◽  
Chen-Nu Liu ◽  
Mei-Chih Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Dopamine D2 Receptor ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
D2 Receptor ◽  
Dopamine Metabolism ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase A ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Urinary Cotinine ◽  
Dopamine D2 ◽  
Taiwanese Men

Although the effect of gene–gene interaction on nicotine–dopamine metabolism for smoking behavior has been reported, polymorphisms of dopamine D2 receptor ( DRD2) and monoamine oxidase A ( MAOA) have not been simultaneously examined among smokers. In this study, 481 young Taiwanese men completed a self-report questionnaire on smoking status, and data were obtained on polymorphisms of DRD2 rs1800497, DRD2 rs1079597, MAOA rs309850, and MAOA rs1137070, urinary nicotine, and urinary cotinine. In a comparison of 261 current smokers and 220 never smokers, odds ratios ( ORs) for the development of smoking in all genotypes were not statistically significant. Among smokers with DRD2 rs1079597 GG// MAOA rs309850 3-repeat, the OR of heavier smoking was 2.67 times higher (95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.08, 6.59], p = .031) and the score on the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence was higher (4.26 vs. 2.83) than in those with DRD2 rs1079597 AA// MAOA rs309850 3-repeat. Adjusted urinary cotinine concentration was significantly different between those two groups (median value: 95.83 ng/μl vs. 133.24 ng/μl, respectively, p = .045). These findings suggest that the interaction of DRD2 rs1079597 and MAOA rs309850 3-repeat affects smoking intensity in young Taiwanese men.

scholarly journals High-dose testosterone treatment reduces monoamine oxidase A levels in the human brain: a preliminary report

2021 ◽  
pp. 105381
Author(s):  
Georg S. Kranz ◽  
Marie Spies ◽  
Chrysoula Vraka ◽  
Ulrike Kaufmann ◽  
Eva-Maria Klebermass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase A ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Testosterone Treatment

Monoamine Oxidase A (MAOA) methylation in acrophobia: an epigenetic correlate of therapy response?

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. S203-S204
Author(s):  
M. Schiele ◽  
C. Ziegler ◽  
L. Kollert ◽  
A. Katzorke ◽  
D. Gromer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Therapy Response ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase A

scholarly journals Association between monoamine oxidase A promoter polymorphism and the risk of sudden infant death syndrome: a meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoxia Zhou ◽  
Daoyin Gong ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Feijun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase A ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Introduction The etiology of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) remains an unsolved problem. The aim of this meta-analysis is to investigate the potential association between monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) promoter variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism and SIDS risk. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on studies from accessible electronic databases. Each VNTR variant was examined in each gender independently by comparing with the pooled results of other alleles. Results A total of six independent case–control studies including 1022 SIDS cases and 1839 controls were enrolled in this meta-analysis. In both of the whole populations and Caucasian populations, male infants with the low-MAOA-expression alleles (2R+3R) were found to exhibit a statistically significant increased risk of SIDS, whereas those with a 4R allele exhibited a reduced risk of SIDS. Besides, an increased risk of SIDS was detected in male Caucasian infants with 2R or 3R alleles. However, none of the allele or genotype variants was associated with SIDS in female victims. Conclusion In male Caucasian infants, the low expression of MAOA promoter VNTR alleles (2R and 3R) is associated with an increased risk of SIDS, and the existence of the 4R allele could be regarded as a protective factor.

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