Ginsenoside Rg1 improves cognitive capability and affects the microbiota of large intestine of tree shrew model for Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, so far, there are no effective measures to prevent and cure this deadly condition. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) was shown to improve behavioral abnormalities in AD; however, the potential mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we pretreated 7-month-old 3xTg-AD mice for 6 weeks with Rg1 and evaluated the effects of Rg1 on the behaviors and the protein expression of hippocampal tissues. The behavioral tests showed that Rg1 could improve the memory impairment and ameliorate the depression-like behaviors of 3xTg-AD mice. Proteomic results revealed a total of 28 differentially expressed hippocampal proteins between Rg1-treated and nontreated 3xTg-AD mice. Among these proteins, complexin-2 (CPLX2), synapsin-2 (SYN2), and synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNP25) were significantly downregulated in the hippocampus of 3xTg-AD mice compared with the WT mice, and the treatment of Rg1 modulated the expression of CPLX2 and SNP25 in the hippocampus of 3xTg-AD mice. The expression of CPLX2, SYN2, and SNP25 was further validated by Western blot analysis. Taken together, we concluded that Rg1 could be a potential candidate drug to improve the behavioral deficits in AD via modulating the expression of the proteins (i.e., CPLX2, SYN2, and SNP25).

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Cyclical Remedy Complexes: Their Origin within Traditional Chinese Medicine and Relevance for Miasmatic Theory

Homœopathic Links ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1604459 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (03) ◽

pp. 202-207

Author(s):

Jerry Kantor

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Chinese Medicine ◽

Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽

Large Intestine ◽

Case Illustration ◽

Five Phases

AbstractThe roots of cyclical remedy analysis within traditional Chinese medicine's Five Phases theory are introduced. Relevance for clinical practice including illness interpretation, preventive application via a self-diagnosis mandala, and a more coherent understanding of the five original miasms (expressing five core existential dilemmas) are explained. This article presents a case illustration of anorexia nervosa and an analysis of three conditions: Alzheimer's disease, cancer of the breast, and cancer of the large intestine.

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Improving Alzheimer's disease by altering gut microbiota in tree shrews with ginsenoside Rg1

FEMS Microbiology Letters ◽

10.1093/femsle/fnaa011 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 367 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Limei Wang ◽

Jiangli Lu ◽

Yueqin Zeng ◽

Yuqian Guo ◽

Chao Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Morris Water Maze ◽

Water Maze ◽

Ginsenoside Rg1 ◽

Neuroprotective Effects ◽

Tree Shrews ◽

High Doses ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRACT Ginsenoside Rg1 (GRg1) has neuroprotective effects on Alzheimer's disease (AD). The occurrence and progression of AD are closely related to gut microbiota. Few studies have learned the direct relationship between GRg1 and gut microbiota. In this study, we found an original way to research this relationship by using GRg1 in the AD model of tree shrews. Morris water maze and immunohistochemistry were performed to test the cognition repairing function of GRg1 by tree shrews and 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing was used to explore the composition and abundance of gut microbiota. After GRg1 treatment, the result of Morris water maze showed an improvement in cognitive function, and immunohistochemistry revealed a decrease in tau protein. Moreover, 16SrRNA sequencing results showed the abundances of Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia were significantly different, and Lactobacillaceae was significantly increased in the GRg1 treatment group. It also showed that the gut microbiome with middle and high doses of GRg1 was close to the normal group. In conclusion, this study suggests that GRg1 at middle and high doses may change the abundance of gut microbiota to improve AD, and thatProteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia are key microbiota. This is the first report that has ever studied the relationship between GRg1 and gut microbiota in tree shrews.

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