scholarly journals Food products identified as source of a foodborne disease outbreak by a fast and robust likelihood estimation

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Fusiak ◽  
Kyrre Kausrud ◽  
Marion Gottschald ◽  
Dominic Tölle ◽  
Marco Rügen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Likelihood Model ◽  
Assembly Technology ◽  
Robust Likelihood ◽  
The Web

Identifying a specific product causing a foodborne disease outbreak can be difficult, especially when dealing with a large amounts of suspicious food items and weak epidemiological evidence. A previously described likelihood model (Norström et al. 2015), improved within the OHEJP NOVA project, helps to prioritize food products that should be sampled for laboratory analysis. It is the aim of our study to integrate this approach into state of the art tracing software FoodChain-Lab (FCL; https://foodrisklabs.bfr.bund.de/foodchain-lab) developed at BfR to facilitate outbreak investigations. The model improved by Kausrud et al. in R (Ihaka and Gentleman 1996) uses wholesale data, the distribution of disease cases and census data to sort food items by their estimated likelihood to be the source of an outbreak. We developed a fast and secure intuitive software module using the Web Assembly technology (Haas et al. 2017) allowing professionals to embed the module easily into other applications. We integrated the module into the FCL web application for tracing (FCL Web; https://fcl-portal.bfr.berlin) to provide an intuitive and user-friendly solution. This solution combines a simple data input with extended data wrangling to make the calculation of the NOVA model as easy as possible. Since the model can be executed directly inside the web browser and therefore does not rely on any server environment, the possibility of data leakage can be highly reduced. The implementation of the advanced likelihood model into FCL Web increase the availability of this model and provides investigators easy, fast and reliable usage to improve outbreak investigation workflows.

scholarly journals A foodborne disease outbreak in man due to fish consumption possibly containing phycotoxins in Bombay, India

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 (28) ◽  
pp. 37-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.V. BHAT ◽  
S. GAUTAMI ◽  
R. B. SASHIDAR ◽  
A. G. LAKHANI
Keyword(s):  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Foodborne Disease

Detection of genetically modified food products in indian market using PCR based GMO detection kit: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navami Dayal ◽  
Vaishnavi Murugan ◽  
Meghal Shah ◽  
Suparna Deepak
Keyword(s):  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Food Products ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Indian Market ◽  
Gmo Detection ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Gm Food ◽  
Imported Food

The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) have not approved any genetically modified (GM) food products to be manufactured, distributed, sold/or imported in the country. Many countries across the globe are legally approved to cultivate GM crops like soybean, maize, canola, cotton seeds, etc. Many people living in urban India nowadays prefer to purchase imported food products. As a result, an increasing number of food items (without GM labels) are being imported in India. Nevertheless, these products are also easily available for buyers online. Thus, it is important to understand whether these imported food items available in the Indian market are GMO-free. The objective of this study is to check the availability of GM food products in raw and processed forms in the Indian local market through the use of conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The study is designed to screen for the presence of regulatory genes (35S promoter and NOS terminator) which are the most common sequences found in transgenic food products. Using the cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) method, DNA was extracted from 12 food samples commercially available in the Indian market (locally and online) followed by PCR to detect the presence of GM DNA using HIMEDIA’S MBPCR055 GMO detection kit. Overall, 16.66% of the total samples were tested positive for GM DNA. Of the imported food items, 33.33% were tested positive. Products that were manufactured in the US and Netherlands were tested positive for GMOs. Their main ingredients were also soy and corn. Samples manufactured in India were GMO negative.

scholarly journals Foods implicated in U.S. outbreaks differ from the types most commonly consumed

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
LaTonia C Richardson ◽  
Dana Cole ◽  
R Michael Hoekstra ◽  
Anangu Rajasingham ◽  
Shacara D Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Outbreak Investigations ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
The U.S

Foodborne disease outbreak investigations identify foods responsible for illnesses. However, it is not known the degree to which foods implicated in outbreaks reflect the distribution of food consumption in the U.S. population or the risk associated with their consumption. To examine this, we compared the distribution of foods in 24 categories implicated in outbreaks to the distribution of foods consumed by the U.S. population. Beef, chicken, eggs, fish, herbs, mollusks, pork, sprouts, seeded vegetables, and turkey were implicated in outbreaks significantly more often than expected based on the frequency of their consumption in the general population, suggesting a higher risk of contamination or mishandling from foods in these categories than in others. In contrast, pasteurized dairy, fruits, grains-beans, oils and sugars, and root/underground vegetables were less frequently implicated in outbreaks than they were consumed in the general population, suggesting a lower risk for these food categories.

scholarly journals Incubation periods of enteric illnesses in foodborne outbreaks, United States, 1998–2013

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Chai ◽  
W. Gu ◽  
K. A. O'Connor ◽  
L. C. Richardson ◽  
R. V. Tauxe
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Outbreak Investigation ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
Foodborne Outbreaks

Abstract Early in a foodborne disease outbreak investigation, illness incubation periods can help focus case interviews, case definitions, clinical and environmental evaluations and predict an aetiology. Data describing incubation periods are limited. We examined foodborne disease outbreaks from laboratory-confirmed, single aetiology, enteric bacterial and viral pathogens reported to United States foodborne disease outbreak surveillance from 1998–2013. We grouped pathogens by clinical presentation and analysed the reported median incubation period among all illnesses from the implicated pathogen for each outbreak as the outbreak incubation period. Outbreaks from preformed bacterial toxins (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Clostridium perfringens) had the shortest outbreak incubation periods (4–10 h medians), distinct from that of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (17 h median). Norovirus, salmonella and shigella had longer but similar outbreak incubation periods (32–45 h medians); campylobacter and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli had the longest among bacteria (62–87 h medians); hepatitis A had the longest overall (672 h median). Our results can help guide diagnostic and investigative strategies early in an outbreak investigation to suggest or rule out specific etiologies or, when the pathogen is known, the likely timeframe for exposure. They also point to possible differences in pathogenesis among pathogens causing broadly similar syndromes.

Customer Goals Online

2011 ◽  
pp. 163-167
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Customer Service ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Web Site ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Product Line ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Large Product ◽  
Apparent Reason ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior ◽  
The Web

Marketing managers charged with developing effective e-marketing strategies need to understand the implications of goal-directed behavior online. Traditionally, the marketer’s job has involved capturing the customer’s attention and communicating a message about products or services. The customer is essentially a passive receiver of the marketer’s message with little control over the marketing messages they are exposed to. Contrast the traditional approach to marketing with a Web site. Online the customer arrives at the marketer’s Web site with a goal. The customer has something that he or she wants to accomplish, whether it be to acquire information about a product, to make a purchase, or to just be entertained. By understanding the customer’s purpose for a Web site visit, the Web marketer is in a position to develop a Web site that provides significant value. Furthermore, a failure to deliver a Web site that enables customers to accomplish their goals is likely to result in dissatisfaction and defection to other more useful Web sites. Understanding customer online goals is critical because it gets at the heart of what the Web site should or could “do.” The challenge for e-marketers is that for most businesses, there are likely to be multiple goals that represent the “reason why” customers could come to the Web site. For example, an e-tailing site might be very effective for customers who already know the specific product they want to purchase. However, there are likely to be many other goals that could lead people to visit the site, such as selecting the appropriate product form a large product line, selecting an appropriate gift, or perhaps receiving customer service. If important customer goals are not supported by the Web site, the firm is at risk of losing a significant amount of business. Other times businesses compete in markets where there may be little apparent reason for a consumer to visit a Web site. As a result, and because firms feel they should have an online presence, many e-marketing sites are created that offer little more than online reproductions of the marketer’s off-line advertising. The purpose of this article is to help e-marketers better understand the nature of customer goals online so that they may be prepared to create the types of Web site experiences that provide value to their customers.

The Minnesota Program for Prevention of Foodborne Illness: An Evaluation

1978 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 556-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS L. HEENAN ◽  
OSCAR P. SNYDER
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Foodborne Illness ◽  
Quality Assurance Program ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Course Content ◽  
Illness Prevention ◽  
Program Requirement

The Minnesota Quality Assurance Program for the Prevention of Foodborne Illness is a voluntarily attended, statewide education program to train foodservice owners. operators and managers in the methods of foodborne illness prevention. The education is conducted in 1-day seminars by trained sanitarians and foodservice personnel. It prepares the student to write a Quality Assurance (QA) program for his/her establishment to assure that there is no possibility of a foodborne disease outbreak. Certification is based on the approval of the Quality Assurance program. An evaluation after 9 months of operation indicates that most instructors performed adequately. Course content, including microbiological training, was well received. The QA written program requirement was supported by both instructors and students. Students strongly supported a recommendation that the QA document he mandatory for all foodservices and used as the basis for regulatory inspections.

scholarly journals Improving Access to the Dutch Historical Censuses with Linked Open Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Albert Meroño-Peñuela ◽  
Ashkan Ashkpour ◽  
Valentijn Gilissen ◽  
Jan Jonker ◽  
Tom Vreugdenhil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Linked Data ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Data Cube ◽  
Data Publishing ◽  
Database Interface ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
The Web

The Dutch Historical Censuses (1795–1971) contain statistics that describe almost two centuries of History in the Netherlands. These censuses were conducted once every 10 years (with some exceptions) from 1795 to 1971. Researchers have used its wealth of demographic, occupational, and housing information to answer fundamental questions in social economic history. However, accessing these data has traditionally been a time consuming and knowledge intensive task. In this paper, we describe the outcomes of the cedar project, which make access to the digitized assets of the Dutch Historical Censuses easier, faster, and more reliable. This is achieved by using the data publishing paradigm of Linked Data from the Semantic Web. We use a digitized sample of 2,288 census tables to produce a linked dataset of more than 6.8 million statistical observations. The dataset is modeled using the rdf Data Cube, Open Annotation, and prov vocabularies. The contributions of representing this dataset as Linked Data are: (1) a uniform database interface for efficient querying of census data; (2) a standardized and reproducible data harmonization workflow; and (3) an augmentation of the dataset through richer connections to related resources on the Web.

scholarly journals Population-based food consumption survey as an additional tool for foodborne outbreak investigations, Germany, 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Rosner ◽  
A. Meinen ◽  
P. Schmich ◽  
M.-L. Zeisler ◽  
K. Stark
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Food Consumption Survey ◽  
Outbreak Investigations ◽  
Consumption Survey

Abstract We conducted a food consumption survey in the general adult population of 18 years and older in Germany to obtain data on the frequency of consumption of food items that caused foodborne disease outbreaks in the past. A total of 1010 telephone interviews were completed that queried the consumption of 95 food items in the 7-day period before the interview. Survey results were weighted to be representative. Six exemplary ‘high risk’ food items were consumed by 6% to 16% of the general population. These were raw ground pork: 6.5%; ‘Teewurst’ (=spreadable sausage-containing raw pork): 15.7%; unpasteurised milk consumed without prior heating: 9.0%; food items prepared with raw eggs: 9.8%; unheated sprouts or seedlings: 8.8% and frozen berries consumed without prior heating: 6.2%. Data from our food consumption survey were comparable to data obtained from control persons in case-control studies conducted during past foodborne disease outbreak investigations. We consider our survey an additional helpful tool that will allow comparison with food consumption data from case-patients obtained in exploratory, hypothesis-generating interviews early on in outbreak investigations, and which may assist in forming hypotheses regarding associations of illnesses with suspected food vehicles. This may facilitate and accelerate investigations of future foodborne disease outbreaks.

scholarly journals Customer Preferences towards Premium Category Super Food Products in Modern Trade Outlets

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 963-967
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Food Competition ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Modeling Methodology ◽  
Safety Considerations

The super-food competition in Indian consumer industry is very demanding. Indian consumers have shown growing interest in nutritious and quality food items with high nourishing value, environmental sustainability and food safety. A person with a positive attitude towards the food product of this type is more likely to make a purchase; this makes a marketer's analysis of consumer preference highly important. The primary purpose of this analysis was to examine consumer expectations for quality and safe super food items. The target demographic of this research includes consumers in Chennai region. 173 respondents were chosen using the convenience sampling method. The results of the research study have shown that factors such as ethnicity, monthly income and family status, level of intake, brand knowledge and health issues are linked to customer demand for super-food items. The Structured Equation Modeling methodology was used to define determinants that may describe consumers' propensity for purchasing these groups of food stuffs. Consumers choose food products of this type due to safety considerations, quality issues and environmental concerns, as well as to qualities such as nutritional benefit, taste satisfaction, freshness and attractiveness of organic food items that matter a lot to consumers. This work may be used into further study into the application of various marketing campaigns by advertisers and the examination of other variables.

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