scholarly journals Molecular phylogeny of the Lichen Tiger Moths (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini) of the Western Hemisphere

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D Palting ◽  
Wendy Moore
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
The North ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Tiger Moths

Few molecular-based studies have tested the monophyly of the Lithosiini subtribes proposed by Bendib and Minet (2000), and those have been limited by meager taxon sampling. Several studies have suggested some subtribes are not monophyletic as they are currently defined. We conducted a molecular phylogenetic study of representatives of the North American lithosiine fauna which are currently classified within the subtribes Acsalina, Lithosiina, Cisthenina and Eudesmiina, the latter having never been included in a molecular-based analysis before. Based on analyses of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), ribosomal protein S5 (RPS5) and the large subunit 28S ribosomal DNA (28S), we assign some of the North American genera to subtribe for the first time and re-assign others contrary to previous placements. Then, we discuss the morphological characters that Bendib and Minet (2000) proposed to define subtribes and re-consider them in the context of our inferred phylogeny. We report high support for a monophyletic Lithosiina+ Agylla + Inopsis + Gnamptonychia, three genera being unplaced or of uncertain placement (Agylla) by Bendib and Minet (2000). We remove Gardinia from the subtribe Lithosiina and place it in the Cisthenina, along with Eudesmia, formerly placed in its own subtribe, the Eudesmiina. Two other genera, Bruceia and Ptychoglene, not previously assigned to a subtribe are found to be members of the Cisthenina. We remove Clemensia from the Cisthenina and report it, along with the neotropical Pronola, as part of undefined clade. After these changes, our phylogeny shows strong support for the monophyly of Cisthenina + Gardinia + Eudesmia + Bruceia + Ptychoglene. We find Acsala anomala occurs on a long branch by itself, confirming the uniqueness of this species and its placement in a monotypic subtribe. Finally, we confirm that Afrida exegens, sometimes considered a member of the Lithosiini, is not even an erebid, but rather it is a member of the Nolidae, as proposed by Holloway (1998) and Kitching and Rawlins (1998).

The phylogenetic placement of the rare North American band-winged grasshopper Shotwellia isleta Gurney, 1940 (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Oedipodinae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lightfoot ◽  
Kelly Miller ◽  
William Edelman
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Chihuahuan Desert ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
The North ◽  
Species Of Conservation Concern ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Conservation Concern

AbstractThe phylogenetic placement of the North American band-winged grasshopper Shotwellia isleta (Gurney 1940) (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Oedipodinae) has been investigated. This rare and unique species of grasshopper belongs to a monotypic genus known only from a few isolated locations in the Chihuahuan Desert of Mexico and New Mexico, USA. The taxonomic status of Shotwellia has been uncertain and historically classified in very different ways relative to other genera. We conducted the first molecular phylogenetic cladistic analysis of Shotwellia and of the Chortophaga (Saussure) genus group in which it is currently classified, using three mitochondrial genes (16S, 12S and cytochrome c oxidase II), 14 morphological characters and two behavioral characters. Our analysis supports the current monotypic status of the genus Shotwellia within the Chortophaga genus group and indicates that Shotwellia is sister to the other genera in that group. Shotwellia isleta is a species of conservation concern, and our field sampling indicates that it is a rare specialist of freshwater ephemeral desert lake beds that are being impacted by human activity. Understanding the phylogeny of S. isleta provides a basis from which biological, evolutionary and conservation inferences can be made.

scholarly journals Molecular phylogenetics, seed morphometrics, chromosome number evolution and systematics of EuropeanElatineL. (Elatinaceae) species

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Sramkó ◽  
Attila Molnár V. ◽  
János Pál Tóth ◽  
Levente Laczkó ◽  
Anna Kalinka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Mediterranean Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Chromosome Number Evolution ◽  
High Degree

The genusElatinecontainsca25 species, all of which are small, herbaceous annuals distributed in ephemeral waters on both hemispheres. However, due to a high degree of morphological variability (as a consequence of their amphibious life-style), the taxonomy of this genus remains controversial. Thus, to fill this gap in knowledge, we present a detailed molecular phylogenetic study of this genus based on nuclear (rITS) and plastid (accD-psaI,psbJ-petA,ycf6-psbM-trnD) sequences using 27 samples from 13 species. On the basis of this phylogenetic analysis, we provide a solid phylogenetic background for the modern taxonomy of the European members of the genus. Traditionally accepted sections of this tree (i.e., CryptaandElatinella) were found to be monophyletic; onlyE. borchoni—found to be a basal member of the genus—has to be excluded from the latter lineage to achieve monophyly. A number of taxonomic conclusions can also be drawn:E. hexandra, a high-ploid species, is most likely a stabilised hybrid between the main sections;E. campylospermamerits full species status based on both molecular and morphological evidence;E. gussoneiis a more widespread and genetically diverse species with two main lineages; and the presence of the AsianE. ambiguain the European flora is questionable. The main lineages recovered in this analysis are also supported by a number of synapomorphic morphological characters as well as uniform chromosome counts. Based on all the evidence presented here, two new subsections withinElatinellaare described: subsectionHydropiperaconsisting of the temperate species of the section, and subsectionMacropodaeincluding the Mediterranean species of the section.

Nomenclatural novelties in Astraea (Euphorbiaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Beatriz Rossi Caruzo ◽  
Otávio Luis Marques Da Silva ◽  
Paul E. Berry ◽  
Inês Cordeiro
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Valid Genus ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Morphological Differences

Astraea Klotzsch (1841: 194) was considered a synonym of Croton Linnaeus (1753: 1004) by many authors (Baillon 1858, Müller 1866, Pax & Hoffmann 1931, Webster 1994, Radcliffe-Smith 2001), but based on a molecular phylogenetic study of Croton and related groups, Berry et al. (2005a) justified recognizing Astraea again as a valid genus. De-Paula et al. (2011) showed morphological differences in the flowers of these two genera, corroborating the findings of Berry et al. (2005a). Riina et al. (2014) discussed additional morphological characters separating Astraea from both Croton and its sister genus Brasiliocroton Berry & Cordeiro in Berry et al. (2005b: 357). Some species that were originally described under Croton have already been transferred to Astraea (Berry et al. 2005a, Caruzo & Cordeiro 2007, Zuloaga et al. 2007, Van Ee 2011), and Van Ee (2011) accounted for numerous names of Astraea invalidly published by Klotzsch (1841). However, there are still several species of Croton that should be transferred to Astraea. As part of an ongoing taxonomic revision of the genus Astraea, we herein propose the necessary remaining transfers. Astraea has an estimated 13 species, most of them distributed in South America, especially in Brazil. Astraea lobata (Linnaeus 1753: 1005) Klotzsch (1841: 194) is the only species occurring throughout the Neotropical region and is also found, introduced, in Africa and Yemen.

scholarly journals Carajasia (Rubiaceae), a new and endangered genus from Carajás mountain range, Pará, Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 206 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Manuel Salas ◽  
PEDRO L. VIANA ◽  
ELSA L. CABRAL ◽  
STEVEN DESSEIN ◽  
STEVEN JANSSENS
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Dichotomous Key ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Carajasia is described as a new genus of Rubiaceae. It is so far known only from the mountain summits of Serra dos Carajás (Pará, Brazil), where it is part of a shrubby vegetation surrounded by tropical rainforest. The new genus belongs to the tribe Spermacoceae and is positioned within it to the Spermacoce clade. Carajasia is unique within the clade in having a very particular combination of characters: flowering branches with two axillary flowers per node, homostylous flowers, corollas with a fringe of moniliform hairs, pubescent styles with distinct stigma lobes, bilobed nectariferous discs covered by triangular papillae, pollen with a double reticulum and fruits with a peculiar type of dehiscence. A detailed description of Carajasia is presented, including observations of the fruit and pollen, along with distribution maps and images of the plant in its habitat. A dichotomous key to distinguish Carajasia from other genera with deeply divided stigmas is provided. A molecular phylogenetic study was carried out using ITS and ETS sequences to determine the phylogenetic position of the new genus within the Spermacoce clade. The results of the combined analyses demonstrated that Carajasia is sister to Galianthe with moderate to high support. Both genera form a weakly supported clade with Schwendenera. This clade is sister to the other genera of the Spermacoce clade studied in this work. Galianthe and Schwendenera share with Carajasia pollen with a double reticulum, but they are clearly differentiated by suffruticose habit, heterostylous flowers and the pattern of fruit dehiscence. To clarify the phylogenetic position of Carajasia, some morphological characters are discussed based on the molecular results: division of the stigma, pollen types and floral syndrome.

CIRCUMSCRIPTION AND PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF GYMNOCARPOS (CARYOPHYLLACEAE-PARONYCHIOIDEAE)

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. OXELMAN ◽  
B. AHLGREN ◽  
M. THULIN
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
The Status ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences

A molecular phylogenetic study based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer sequences and plastid rps16 intron sequences on the status of the genus Gymnocarpos (Paronychioideae, Caryophyllaceae) is presented. Gymnocarpos decandrus and Sclerocephalus arabicus form a strongly supported clade within a well-supported group consisting also of G. przewalskii, and the rest of Gymnocarpos. Re-examination of morphological characters also supports this conclusion. Paronychia is found to be polyphyletic, with the subgenera Paronychia and Siphonychia forming a strongly supported sister group to Gymnocarpos, whereas P. kapela and P. chlorothyrsa (representing subgen. Anoplonychia) are found to be related to Herniaria and Philippiella. A key to the 10 species recognized in Gymnocarpos is presented, as well as synoptical information on nomenclature and distributions.

scholarly journals Evolution in the deep sea: a combined analysis of the earliest diverging living chitons (Mollusca : Polyplacophora : Lepidopleurida)

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia D. Sigwart ◽  
Enrico Schwabe ◽  
Hiroshi Saito ◽  
Sarah Samadi ◽  
Gonzalo Giribet
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Current View ◽  
Cold Seeps ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Living Species

Lepidopleurida is the earliest diverged group of living polyplacophoran molluscs. They are found predominantly in the deep sea, including sunken wood, cold seeps, other abyssal habitats, and a few species are found in shallow water. The group is morphologically identified by anatomical features of their gills, sensory aesthetes, and gametes. Their shell features closely resemble the oldest fossils that can be identified as modern polyplacophorans. We present the first molecular phylogenetic study of this group, and also the first combined phylogenetic analysis for any chiton, including three gene regions and 69 morphological characters. The results show that Lepidopleurida is unambiguously monophyletic, and the nine genera fall into five distinct clades, which partly support the current view of polyplacophoran taxonomy. The genus Hanleyella Sirenko, 1973 is included in the family Protochitonidae, and Ferreiraellidae constitutes another distinct clade. The large cosmopolitan genus Leptochiton Gray, 1847 is not monophyletic; Leptochiton and Leptochitonidae sensu stricto are restricted to North Atlantic and Mediterranean taxa. Leptochitonidae s. str. is sister to Protochitonidae. The results also suggest two separate clades independently inhabiting sunken wood substrates in the south-west Pacific. Antarctic and other chemosynthetic-dwelling species may be derived from wood-living species. Substantial taxonomic revision remains to be done to resolve lepidopleuran classification, but the phylogeny presented here is a dramatic step forward in clarifying the relationships within this interesting group.

scholarly journals CODONOBOEA (GESNERIACEAE) SECTIONS IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

REINWARDTIA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung Lu Lim ◽  
Ruth Kiew
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Leaf Arrangement

Codonoboea is the largest genus of Gesneriaceae in Peninsular Malaysia with 92 species. Nine sections, Boeopsis, Codonoboea, Didymanthus, Glossadenia, Heteroboea, Pectinati, Reptantes, Salicini and Venusti, have been erected based on morphological characters, such as habit, leaf arrangement and shape, type of inflorescence, number of flowers, corolla type and nectary type. Recent molecular phylogenetic study using ITS and trnL-F sequences show that only section Heteroboea is monophyletic. While the sections of Codonoboea can no longer be maintained as formal taxonomic taxa, as informal groupings they are useful in identification and in constructing keys.

The North American Allies of Hylobius piceus (De Geer) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

1957 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Wood
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Winged Form ◽  
The North ◽  
The Status ◽  
Field Workers ◽  
Dimorphic Species ◽  
Biological Differences

While investigating the biology of the North American species of Hypomolyx, field workers in Manitoba found a vestigial, or short-winged, and a long-winged form under apparently identical conditions in about equal numbers. Although biological differences were nor then apparent, there was doubt as to whether they were dealing with one dimorphic species or with two distinct species, A search for morphological characters brought to light numerous differences between the two forms, supporting the view that two species were present. These differences, a description the previously unrecognized species, and notes concerning the status of the genera Hylobius and Hypomolyx are reported below.

Description of Ditylenchus acantholimonis n. sp. (Rhabditida: Anguinidae) from Iran, a morphological and molecular phylogenetic study

Nematology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Samira Aliverdi ◽  
Ebrahim Pourjam ◽  
Majid Pedram
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Pharyngeal Bulb ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Golestan Province ◽  
Tail Tip

Summary Ditylenchus acantholimonis n. sp. is described based on morphological, morphometric and molecular characters. It was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Acantholimon sp. in Golestan province, Iran, and is mainly characterised by having four lines in the lateral field, a pyriform to bottle-shaped offset pharyngeal bulb, post-vulval uterine sac 36.6-56.1% of the vulva to anus distance long, and a subcylindrical to conical tail with widely rounded tip. It is further characterised by short to medium-sized females, 480-617 μm long, with a fine stylet having small rounded knobs, V = 80.8-83.6, c = 11.0-13.8, c′ = 3.3-4.6, and males with 16.0-17.0 μm long spicules. The new species was morphologically compared with six species having four lines in their lateral field, rounded tail tip and comparable morphometric data namely: D. dipsacoideus, D. emus, D. exilis, D. paraparvus, D. sturhani, and D. solani. It was also compared with two species, D. ferepolitor and D. angustus, forming a maximally supported clade in the 18S tree. The phylogenetic analyses using the maximal number of Anguinidae and several Sphaerularioidea genera based upon partial 18S and 28S rDNA D2-D3 sequences revealed that Ditylenchus is polyphyletic. In the 18S tree, the new species formed a clade with D. ferepolitor (KJ636374) and D. angustus (AJ966483); in the 28S tree it formed a poorly supported clade with D. phyllobios (KT192618) and Ditylenchus sp. (MG865719).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document