A comparative analysis of the karyotypes of three dolphins – Tursiops truncatus Montagu, 1821, Tursiops australis Charlton-Robb et al., 2011, and Grampus griseus Cuvier, 1812

The aim of this study is to produce G-banded karyotypes of three dolphin species, Tursiops truncatus Montagu, 1821, Tursiops australisCharlton-Robb et al., 2011, and Grampus griseus Cuvier, 1812, and to determine if any differences between the species can be observed. Monolayer skin cultures were established and processed for chromosome study by trypsin banding. The results indicate that the three species here investigated have the same diploid number (2n = 44) and very similar gross chromosome morphology, however G-banding allows distinction between each species. Chromosome 1 in G. griseus is significantly different from the other 2 species, and chromosome 2 in T. australis is subtly different from the other 2 species. This result is of potential significance in taxonomic studies, and can provide an unequivocal answer in the assessment of suspected hybrids between these species.

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A KARYOSYSTEMATIC INVESTIGATION IN THE GRAMINEAE

Canadian Journal of Research ◽

10.1139/cjr34-087 ◽

1934 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 213-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

A. W. S. Hunter

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Basic Number ◽

Chromosome Morphology ◽

The Other ◽

Anthoxanthum Odoratum ◽

Large Genus ◽

Taxonomic Studies ◽

Different Characteristics ◽

First Time

The history and the present state of the classification of the Gramineae are briefly reviewed and a number of the different characteristics on which phylogenetic systems have been based are considered. The subjects of chromosome morphology and the application of idiograms and karyotypes to taxonomic studies are discussed. Avdulov's recently reported findings on the phylogeny of the grasses are summarized and compared with the results of other workers and those obtained in the present investigation. Three species of bamboos were studied for the first time and evidence secured to indicate that the basic number of the tribe is probably not 12 as has been elsewhere reported. In the Festuceae the chromosome number of Phragmites communis Trin. was definitely ascertained, confirming Avdulov's supposition that the basic number for the genus is 12. The other three species investigated agreed with the arrangement as proposed by Avdulov. The tribe Chlorideae, with the exception of the genus Beckmannia, has been reported to be almost entirely Panicoid with respect to chromosome morphology. This was confirmed in the four species examined. Avdulov's rearrangement of the tribe Hordeae was somewhat altered and a confusion m the nomenclature of the genus Lepturus was corrected. An anomalous situation was cleared up in the tribe Agrostideae by the establishment of the chromosome number of Sporobolus tennuissinus Kuntz as 40. The specimen of Anthoxanthum odoratum L. (tribe Phalarideae) examined provided a very interesting example of secondary splitting in somatic chromosomes. One species was examined in the tribe Melinideae and six in the tribe Paniceae. In the latter tribe no difference could be detected between the several subdivisions of the genus Panicum. The same condition held for the large genus Andropogon in the tribe Andropogoneae. In the tribe Maydeae the chromosome number of Tripsacum dactyloides L. was found to be 9, and the suggestion was made that it may be a link, along with the genus Coix, between the Andropogoneae and the Maydeae. The other four species examined all had a basic number of 10.

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Variation in Chiasma Frequency Among Eight Accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/162.3.1415 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 162 (3) ◽

pp. 1415-1422 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

E Sanchez-Moran ◽

S J Armstrong ◽

J L Santos ◽

F C H Franklin ◽

G H Jones

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Chiasma Frequency ◽

Significant Variation ◽

Regulatory Elements ◽

The Other ◽

Chromosome 1 ◽

Frequency Variation ◽

Chromosome 2 ◽

Mother Cells

Abstract Natural variation in meiotic recombination frequency in Arabidopsis thaliana has been assessed by analyzing chiasma frequency variation among a range of geographically and ecologically diverse accessions. Fifty pollen mother cells at metaphase I of meiosis were analyzed from each of eight accessions and fluorescence in situ hybridization was applied to enable identification of all 10 chromosome arms. There was no significant variation in mean chiasma frequency between plants within accessions, but there was significant variation between accessions. Further analysis confirmed this finding and identified two particular accessions, Cvi and Ler, as having chiasma frequencies significantly lower than those of the other accessions. The analysis also revealed that the pattern of chiasma distribution between arms and among chromosomes is not consistent over accessions. Further detailed analyses were conducted on each individual chromosome (1-5) in turn, revealing that chromosome 4, one of the acrocentric chromosomes, is the least variable while the other acrocentric chromosome (2) is the most variable. These findings indicate the existence of recombination regulatory elements in Arabidopsis and we conclude that it may be possible in the future to identify these elements and determine their mode of action. The practical implications of such developments are considerable.

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Murine chromosomal regions correlated with longevity.

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/118.4.693 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 118 (4) ◽

pp. 693-704

Author(s):

R Gelman ◽

A Watson ◽

R Bronson ◽

E Yunis

Keyword(s):

Proportional Hazards ◽

Proportional Hazards Model ◽

The Other ◽

Chromosome 7 ◽

Chromosome 1 ◽

Chromosome 2 ◽

Hazards Model ◽

Single Room ◽

Single Region ◽

Different Strains

Abstract In this longevity analysis of 360 BXD recombinant inbred female mice (20 different strains), 2 strains had very significantly shorter survival and 1 strain had very significantly longer survival than the other 17 strains; 4 other strains had less significant lengthening of survival compared to the other 13 strains in a proportional hazards model of survival. Mean survival on the shortest lived strain was 479 days; on the longest lived strain the mean survival was almost double (904 days). Ranges of survival within strain were very large (averaging 642 days), and strain accounted for only 29% of the variation in survival, showing that there are important environmental and/or special developmental effects on longevity even in this colony housed in a single room. Each strain had been typed for markers of 141 regions on 15 chromosomes; 101 of these markers had distinguishable distributions on the 20 strains. The two shortest lived strains had the same alleles for 63% of the markers. The single region most significantly correlated with survival (marked by P450, Coh, Xmmv-35 on chromosome 7) divided the mice into two groups with survival medians which differed by 153 days (755 days for mice with a B genotype; 602 days for mice with a D genotype). Evaluated individually, 44% of the genetic markers (including some markers on 11 of 15 chromosomes with any markers typed) were found to be significantly correlated with survival (P less than 0.05) although one would only expect 5% of the markers to be significant by chance. While studies of many markers should adjust for the multiple comparisons problem, one interpretation of these crude P values is that any experiment with only one of these "significant" markers typed would be likely to conclude that the marker was a significant predictor of survival. Two types of multiple regression models were used to examine the correlation with survival of groups of genes. When a proportional hazards model for survival was done in terms of genotype regions, a six genetic region model best correlated with survival: that marked by P450, Coh, Xmmv-35 on chromosome 7 (B allele lives longer), Ly-24 on chromosome 2 (B allele lives longer), beta 2M and H-3 on chromosome 2 (D allele lives longer) Lamb-2 on chromosome 1 (D allele lives longer), Ltw-4 on chromosome 1 (B allele lives longer), and the Igh area of chromosome 12 (Igh-Sa4, Igh-Sa2, Igh-Bgl, Igh-Nbp, Igh-Npid, Igh-Gte, Odc-8, and Ox-1; D allele lives longer).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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Epistatic Control of Non-Mendelian Inheritance in Mouse Interspecific Crosses

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/143.4.1739 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 143 (4) ◽

pp. 1739-1752 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xavier Montagutelli ◽

Rowena Turner ◽

Joseph H Nadeau

Keyword(s):

X Chromosome ◽

Genetic Basis ◽

Mendelian Inheritance ◽

The Other ◽

Interspecific Crosses ◽

Chromosome 2 ◽

Mus Spretus ◽

F1 Hybrid ◽

Strong Deviation ◽

Marker Loci

Abstract Strong deviation of allele frequencies from Mendelian inheritance favoring Mus spretus-derived alleles has been described previously for X-linked loci in four mouse interspecific crosses. We reanalyzed data for three of these crosses focusing on the location of the gene(s) controlling deviation on the X chromosome and the genetic basis for incomplete deviation. At least two loci control deviation on the X chromosome, one near Xist (the candidate gene controlling X inactivation) and the other more centromerically located. In all three crosses, strong epistasis was found between loci near Xist and marker loci on the central portion of chromosome 2. The mechanism for this deviation from Mendelian expectations is not yet known but it is probably based on lethality of embryos carrying particular combinations of alleles rather than true segregation distortion during oogenesis in F1 hybrid females.

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Representing the victorious past: Chinese revolutionary TV drama between propaganda and marketization

Media Culture & Society ◽

10.1177/01634437211022721 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 016344372110227

Author(s):

Yingzi Wang ◽

Thoralf Klein

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

The Other ◽

Market Reforms ◽

Fictional Characters ◽

Production Environment ◽

Cultural Transformations ◽

The One ◽

Political Economic ◽

Revolutionary History ◽

Over Time

This paper examines the changes and continuities in TV representations of Chinese Communist Party’s revolutionary history and interprets them within the broader context of China’s political, economic and cultural transformations since the 1990s. Drawing on a comparative analysis of three state-sponsored TV dramas produced between the late 1990s and mid-2010s, it traces how the state-sanctioned revolutionary narratives have changed over time in response to the Party’s propaganda imperatives on the one hand, and to the market-oriented production environment on the other. The paper argues that while recent TV productions in the new century have made increasing concessions to audience taste by adopting visually stimulating depictions and introducing fictional characters as points of identification for the audience, the revolutionary narratives were still aligned with the Party’s propaganda agenda at different times. This shows the ongoing competition between ideological and commercial interests in Chinese TV production during the era of market reforms.

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Comparative analysis and phylogenetic investigation of Hong Kong Ilex chloroplast genomes

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84705-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bobby Lim-Ho Kong ◽

Hyun-Seung Park ◽

Tai-Wai David Lau ◽

Zhixiu Lin ◽

Tae-Jin Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Species Level ◽

The Other ◽

Trna Genes ◽

Protein Coding ◽

Chloroplast Genomes ◽

Plant Group ◽

Ilex Rotunda

AbstractIlex is a monogeneric plant group (containing approximately 600 species) in the Aquifoliaceae family and one of the most commonly used medicinal herbs. However, its taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships at the species level are debatable. Herein, we obtained the complete chloroplast genomes of all 19 Ilex types that are native to Hong Kong. The genomes are conserved in structure, gene content and arrangement. The chloroplast genomes range in size from 157,119 bp in Ilex graciliflora to 158,020 bp in Ilex kwangtungensis. All these genomes contain 125 genes, of which 88 are protein-coding and 37 are tRNA genes. Four highly varied sequences (rps16-trnQ, rpl32-trnL, ndhD-psaC and ycf1) were found. The number of repeats in the Ilex genomes is mostly conserved, but the number of repeating motifs varies. The phylogenetic relationship among the 19 Ilex genomes, together with eight other available genomes in other studies, was investigated. Most of the species could be correctly assigned to the section or even series level, consistent with previous taxonomy, except Ilex rotunda var. microcarpa, Ilex asprella var. tapuensis and Ilex chapaensis. These species were reclassified; I. rotunda was placed in the section Micrococca, while the other two were grouped with the section Pseudoaquifolium. These studies provide a better understanding of Ilex phylogeny and refine its classification.

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Diversity and Karyotypic Evolution in the Genus Neacomys (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae)

Cytogenetic and Genome Research ◽

10.1159/000441173 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 146 (4) ◽

pp. 296-305 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Willam O. da Silva ◽

Julio C. Pieczarka ◽

Rogério V. Rossi ◽

Horacio Schneider ◽

Iracilda Sampaio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Phylogeny ◽

Diploid Number ◽

Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽

Chromosomal Evolution ◽

The Other ◽

Karyotypic Evolution ◽

Drastic Reduction ◽

Ancestral Species ◽

Pericentric Inversions ◽

Amazonian Region

Neacomys (Sigmodontinae) comprises 8 species mainly found in the Amazonian region. We describe 5 new karyotypes from Brazilian Amazonia: 2 cytotypes for N. paracou (2n = 56/FNa = 62-66), 1 for N. dubosti (2n = 64/FNa = 68), and 2 for Neacomys sp. (2n = 58/FNa = 64-70), with differences in the 18S rDNA. Telomeric probes did not show ITS. We provide a phylogeny using Cytb, and the analysis suggests that 2n = 56 with a high FNa is ancestral for the genus, as found in N. paracou, being retained by the ancestral forms of the other species, with an increase in 2n occurring independently in N. spinosus and N. dubosti. Alternatively, an increase in 2n may have occurred in the ancestral taxon of the other species, followed by independent 2n-reduction events in Neacomys sp. and in the ancestral species of N. tenuipes, N. guianae, N. musseri, and N. minutus. Finally, a drastic reduction event in the diploid number occurred in the ancestral species of N. musseri and N. minutus which exhibit the lowest 2n of the genus. The karyotypic variations found in both intra- and interspecific samples, associated with the molecular phylogeny, suggest a chromosomal evolution with amplification/deletion of constitutive heterochromatin and rearrangements including fusions, fissions, and pericentric inversions.

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A Corpora-Based Analysis of Rely on and Depend on

Journal of Critical Studies in Language and Literature ◽

10.46809/jcsll.v3i1.119 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 9-21

Author(s):

Namkil Kang

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

American English ◽

The Other ◽

Information State ◽

Other Hand ◽

British National Corpus ◽

National Corpus

The ultimate goal of this paper is to provide a comparative analysis of rely on and depend on in the Corpus of Contemporary American English and the British National Corpus. The COCA clearly shows that the expression rely on government is the most preferred by Americans, followed by rely on people, and rely on data. The COCA further indicates that the expression depend on slate is the most preferred by Americans, followed by depend on government, and depend on people. The BNC shows, on the other hand, that the expression rely on others is the most preferred by the British, followed by rely on people, and rely on friends. The BNC further indicates that depend on factors and depend on others are the most preferred by the British, followed by depend on age, and depend on food. Finally, in the COCA, the nouns government, luck, welfare, people, information, state, fossil, water, family, oil, food, and things are linked to both rely on and depend on, but many nouns are not still linked to both of them. On the other hand, in the BNC, only the nouns state, chance, government, and others are linked to both rely on and depend on, but many nouns are not still linked to both rely on and depend on. It can thus be inferred from this that rely on is slightly different from depend on in its use.

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Ontogenetic instars of Melanozetes paramollicomus sp. nov., with remarks on morphological ontogeny of Sphaerozetinae (Acari: Oribatida: Ceratozetidae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.5086.1.7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5086 (1) ◽

pp. 69-89

Author(s):

BADAMDORJ BAYARTOGTOKH ◽

SERGEY G. ERMILOV ◽

UMUKUSUM YA. SHTANCHAEVA ◽

LUIS S. SUBÍAS

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Oribatid Mite ◽

The Other

Although the juvenile instars of oribatid mite subfamily Sphaerozetinae is well known compared to the other subfamilies of Ceratozetidae (Ceratozetinae and Trichoribatinae), information on morphological ontogeny of some species is still incomplete. Herein, Melanozetes paramollicomus sp. nov. is proposed from Ethiopia, based on adult and juvenile instars. Additionally, comparative analysis of ontogenetic instars of species belonging various genera of Sphaerozetinae with known juveniles, is given, and the major characteristics of juvenile instars of 20 species are presented.

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Isolation of duplicated human c-src genes located on chromosomes 1 and 20

Molecular and Cellular Biology ◽

10.1128/mcb.5.4.831-838.1985 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 831-838

Author(s):

R C Parker ◽

G Mardon ◽

R V Lebo ◽

H E Varmus ◽

J M Bishop

Keyword(s):

Rous Sarcoma Virus ◽

Recombinant Dna ◽

Stop Codon ◽

The Other ◽

Chromosome 1 ◽

Human Cell Lines ◽

Partial Nucleotide Sequence ◽

Rous Sarcoma ◽

Polyadenylated Rna ◽

Sarcoma Virus

The oncogene (v-src) of Rous sarcoma virus apparently arose by transduction of the chicken gene known as c-src(chicken). We isolated DNA fragments representative of two src-related loci from recombinant DNA bacteriophage libraries of the human genome. One of these loci, c-src1(human), appeared to direct the synthesis of a 5-kilobase polyadenylated RNA that presumably encodes pp60c-src(human). Probes specific for the other locus, c-src2(human), did not hybridize to polyadenylated RNA prepared from a variety of human cell lines. Partial nucleotide sequence determinations of the loci demonstrated that c-src1(human) is highly related to chicken c-src and that c-src2(human) is slightly more divergent. The sequences imply that the final two coding exons of each human locus are identical in length to those of chicken c-src and that the location of an amber stop codon is unchanged in all three loci. c-src1(human) has been mapped to chromosome 20, and the second locus is located on chromosome 1. We conclude that c-src1(human) is the analog of c-src(chicken) and that the duplicated locus, c-src2(human), may also be expressed.

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