scholarly journals A KARYOSYSTEMATIC INVESTIGATION IN THE GRAMINEAE

1934 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. S. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Basic Number ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anthoxanthum Odoratum ◽  
Large Genus ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
First Time

The history and the present state of the classification of the Gramineae are briefly reviewed and a number of the different characteristics on which phylogenetic systems have been based are considered. The subjects of chromosome morphology and the application of idiograms and karyotypes to taxonomic studies are discussed. Avdulov's recently reported findings on the phylogeny of the grasses are summarized and compared with the results of other workers and those obtained in the present investigation. Three species of bamboos were studied for the first time and evidence secured to indicate that the basic number of the tribe is probably not 12 as has been elsewhere reported. In the Festuceae the chromosome number of Phragmites communis Trin. was definitely ascertained, confirming Avdulov's supposition that the basic number for the genus is 12. The other three species investigated agreed with the arrangement as proposed by Avdulov. The tribe Chlorideae, with the exception of the genus Beckmannia, has been reported to be almost entirely Panicoid with respect to chromosome morphology. This was confirmed in the four species examined. Avdulov's rearrangement of the tribe Hordeae was somewhat altered and a confusion m the nomenclature of the genus Lepturus was corrected. An anomalous situation was cleared up in the tribe Agrostideae by the establishment of the chromosome number of Sporobolus tennuissinus Kuntz as 40. The specimen of Anthoxanthum odoratum L. (tribe Phalarideae) examined provided a very interesting example of secondary splitting in somatic chromosomes. One species was examined in the tribe Melinideae and six in the tribe Paniceae. In the latter tribe no difference could be detected between the several subdivisions of the genus Panicum. The same condition held for the large genus Andropogon in the tribe Andropogoneae. In the tribe Maydeae the chromosome number of Tripsacum dactyloides L. was found to be 9, and the suggestion was made that it may be a link, along with the genus Coix, between the Andropogoneae and the Maydeae. The other four species examined all had a basic number of 10.

scholarly journals The system of points of view in Vasily Shukshin's short stories

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-154
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Guz ◽  
Yulia G. Babicheva
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Scientific Understanding ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frequent Change ◽  
History Of ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
First Time

The purpose of the work is to explore the point of view in Vasily Shukshin's short stories in its systematic and diverse manifestation. Topicality is provided by the exceptional significance of this category in narratology. The study of the point of view based on the material of short stories by Vasily Shukshin has been conducted for the first time. The article briefly traces the history of scientific understanding of the category of point of view in foreign and Russian philology and notes the variety of approaches and definitions in the formulation of the concept. The authors use the classification of Boris Uspenskij for analysis and consider the point of view in Vasily Shukshin's short stories in psychological, ideological (evaluative), spatial-temporal and phraseological terms. The positions of Boris Korman, Yuri Lotman, Wolf Schmid and Franz Karl Stanzel also take into account. The authors note the features of Vasily Shukshin's narration that affect the expression of the point of view in the text. Vasily Shukshin's short stories are characterised by a dynamic and frequent change of points of view, which indicates the technique of “montageˮ and similarities in this regard with cinematic techniques. The conclusions generalise the variety of ways and forms of expression of the point of view in the studied artistic material. The point of view in the considered stories is characterised by variability in the correlation of subjects of speech and subjects of consciousness, alternation of external and internal points of view, mutual transitions from one to the other, text interference and other hybrid phenomena.

Cytotaxonomy of the Festuca spp. from Patagonia

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1134-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Dubcovsky ◽  
Arturo J. Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Distance Matrix ◽  
Chromosome Size ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Cytological Data ◽  
Vegetative Characters ◽  
First Time

Chromosome number and karyotypes of Festuca argentina (2n = 28), Festuca magellanica (2n = 42 and 2n = 56), and Festuca purpurascens (2n = 42) are described here for the first time, as well as new data on the karyotype of Festuca contracta (2n = 42). Multivariate analysis based on chromosome size and shape showed significant (p < 0.05) differences among these species but not among the populations of F. magellanica analyzed. The correlation between a distance matrix among all the Patagonian species based on nine karyotype parameters and one based on morphoreproductive characters was significant (r = 0.60, p < 0.01) but it was not significant when compared with vegetative characters (r = 0.25, p > 0.05). The morphoreproductive and cytological data supported the classification of the Patagonian species in four different subgenera reflecting that the Patagonian Festuca spp. had different phylogenetic origins. Key words: Festuca, karyotype, cytotaxonomy.

scholarly journals A comparative analysis of the karyotypes of three dolphins – Tursiops truncatus Montagu, 1821, Tursiops australis Charlton-Robb et al., 2011, and Grampus griseus Cuvier, 1812

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Ross Brookwell ◽  
Kimberly Finlayson ◽  
Jason P. van de Merwe
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Tursiops Truncatus ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Potential Significance ◽  
Grampus Griseus ◽  
Taxonomic Studies

The aim of this study is to produce G-banded karyotypes of three dolphin species, Tursiops truncatus Montagu, 1821, Tursiops australisCharlton-Robb et al., 2011, and Grampus griseus Cuvier, 1812, and to determine if any differences between the species can be observed. Monolayer skin cultures were established and processed for chromosome study by trypsin banding. The results indicate that the three species here investigated have the same diploid number (2n = 44) and very similar gross chromosome morphology, however G-banding allows distinction between each species. Chromosome 1 in G. griseus is significantly different from the other 2 species, and chromosome 2 in T. australis is subtly different from the other 2 species. This result is of potential significance in taxonomic studies, and can provide an unequivocal answer in the assessment of suspected hybrids between these species.

scholarly journals Karyotype traits in Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal (Asteraceae), an invasive plant in Romania

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Truta ◽  
Gabriela Vochita ◽  
Adrian Oprea ◽  
Culita Sirbu
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diploid Chromosome Number ◽  
Diploid Complement ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Degree ◽  
First Time

Abstract The description of the karyotype features and idiogram in Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal (Asteraceae), an invasive plant in Romania, are reported here for the first time. The diploid chromosome number is 2n=2x=12, in agreement with the data published for the other species of the genus. The karyomorphological data show that the complements of the studied genotypes have small chromosomes (mean chromosome length is X̅±SE=2.56±0.10 μm, and mean length of haploid complements is X̅±SE=15.33±0.69 μm, with a range of variability comprised between 12.87-17.51 μm). The karyotypes are made up of six pairs of metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes, with an identical formula of the diploid complement: KF=2n=12=8m+ 2sm + 2sm-SAT. Satellites are located on the short arms of the chromosomes of pair III. The karyotypes show a relatively high level of intra-specific uniformity as well as similar symmetry patterns (R=1.29-1.53; TF%=38.78-41.57%; AsI%=54.54-57.61%; A1 = 0.24- 0.32; A2=0.08-0.16), belonging to 1A and 2A classes of symmetry. The small size of the chromosomes, the presence of only two chromosome morphometric types, and the preponderance of metacentrics confer a relatively high degree of symmetry to the karyotypes studied.

scholarly journals Revisiting the evolution and taxonomy of Clostridia, a phylogenomic update

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Cruz-Morales ◽  
Camila A. Orellana ◽  
George Moutafis ◽  
Glenn Moonen ◽  
Gonzalo Rincon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Central Metabolism ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Animal Pathogens ◽  
Large Genus ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
Toxin Evolution

AbstractClostridium is a large genus of obligate anaerobes belonging to the Firmicutes phylum of bacteria, most of which have a Gram-positive cell wall structure. The genus includes significant human and animal pathogens, causative of potentially deadly diseases such as tetanus and botulism. Despite their relevance and many studies suggesting that they are not a monophyletic group, the taxonomy of the group has largely been neglected. Currently, species belonging to the genus are placed in the unnatural order defined as Clostridiales, which includes the class Clostridia. Here we used genomic data from 779 strains to study the taxonomy and evolution of the group. This analysis allowed us to; (i) confirm that the group is composed of more than one genus (ii), detect major differences between pathogens classified as a single species within the group of authentic Clostridium spp. (sensu stricto), identify inconsistencies between taxonomy and toxin evolution that reflect on the pervasive misclassification of strains and, (iv) identify differential traits within central metabolism of members of what has been defined earlier and confirmed by us as cluster I. Our analysis shows that the current taxonomic classification of Clostridium species hinders the prediction of functions and traits, suggests a new classification for this fascinating class of bacteria and highlights the importance of phylogenomics for taxonomic studies.

scholarly journals Neue Schweizer Arbeiten zur Glazialmorphologie des Mittellandes

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-98
Author(s):  
Hans Graul
Keyword(s):  
Radical Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Melt Water ◽  
First Time ◽  
Terrace Level

Abstract. In this report the most important results of 5 new Swiss papers on glacial and periglacial landforms of the „Schweizer Mittelland" are published and discussed. These very good studies show the first geomorphological maps (1 : 25 000) of the „Mittelland" and for the first time they analyse periglacial forms in this region. A reiterated and radical change of accumulation and erosion is rejected within the melt-water-valleys during the Würm-glaciation. The thick accumulation of pebbles is recognized as „Vorstoßschotter". Nowhere it has been noticed that fluvio-glacial pebbles interfinger with end-moraines. The highest of the lower terraces is the built-up-level of the fluvioglacial accumulation of the Würm-time. For that reason the Würm-time seems to be undissected in the Hochrhein- and Aare-valley. This opinion is opposite to J. Hug, L. Erb, D. Kimball, F. E. Zeuner and R. Huber. The reviewer points out that real cut-terraces are only existing in relatively short parts of the valleys (C. Troll's „Trompetentälchen"). But for the rest you can find as a rule an erosional disconformity on every wider inset terraces-level, because there are secondary pebbles of about 5—8 m thickness interbedded in the older main accumulation of the Würm-time. The question whether there are floors running throughout the valley below the main terrace-level in the Hochrhein valley, cannot be answered by individual and relatively small sections of a melt-water-valley; least of all in the Hochrhein valley above the mouth of the Aare. For the development of deeper situated lower-terraces was controlled by the later advance of the Rhone-glacier at a time, when the other Swiss glaciers were receding. The reviewer substantially agrees with the Swiss scheme of periglacial forms and the classification of the Riss-time.

Karyological Studies in the Genus Androcymbium (Colchicaceae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Margelí ◽  
Joan Pedrola-Monfort ◽  
Joan Vallès Xirau
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Basic Number ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Karyological Study ◽  
First Time

A karyological study was carried out in the genusAndrocymbium Willd. The karyotypes of 26 populationsbelonging to six species of the section Erythrostictus(Schldtl.) Benth. in Benth. & Hook.f. (included intheA. gramineum (Cav.) T.Macbr. group) and of onepopulation of a species of the section Androcymbium are established and themean results for each taxon are given. Chromosome counts from severalpopulations of all the species, the chromosome number ofA. eucomoides Willd., and most of the karyotypes arepresented here for the first time. A new basic number, x= 10, is also reported for the genus. On the basis of the dataobtained, a descendent dysploidy process in the evolution of the genus issuggested and the members of the A. gramineum group areconsidered to be schizoendemics.

scholarly journals The perennial Macaronesian species of Bubonium (Compositae - Inuleae).

Sommerfeltia ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-107
Author(s):  
T. Halvorsen ◽  
L. Borgen
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gene Exchange ◽  
Cape Verdean ◽  
Hybrid Fertility ◽  
Internal Barriers ◽  
First Time ◽  
Macaronesian Flora

Abstract Six perennial Macaronesian species are recognized in Bubonium J. Hill emend. Briq.: the Cape Verdian B. daltonii (Webb) T. Halvorsen, with two subspecies, ssp. daltonii and ssp. vogelii (Webb) T. Halvorsen, and B. smithii (Webb) T. Halvorsen; and the Canarian B. intermedium (DC.) T. Halvorsen & Wikl., B. graveolens (Forssk.) Maire, with two subspecies, ssp. odorum (Schousb.) Wikl. and ssp. stenophyllum (Link) T. Halvorsen, B. schultzii (Balle) Sventenius and B. sericeum (L.f.) T. Halvorsen & Wikl. Four Mediterranean annuals are superficially treated for Macaronesia: B. aquaticum (L.) Hill, Asteriscus maritimus (L.) Less., A. hierochunticus (Michon) Wikl., and A. spinosus (L.) Sch. Bip. A key to the Macaronesian Bubonium species is provided. The chromosome number n=7 is reported for all the Bubonium species in Macaronesia; in B. graveolens ssp. odorum, B. daltonii ssp. vogelii, and B. smithii for the first time. The chromosome number n=6 is confirmed for Asteriscus maritimus. The self fertile annuals are not cross compatible with the other species. Among the predominantly self incompatible perennials internal barriers to gene exchange are weak. Only B. schultzii seems genetically isolated. Between the other perennials the crossability is complete and hybrid fertility high between species from the same archipelago, but reduced between species from different archipelagos. The present occurrence of the Canarian species B. sericeum and B. intermedium and the Cape Verdean B. daltonii and B. smithii seems relict. These frutescent endemics probably belong to an old element in the Macaronesian flora.

scholarly journals Officers’ Libraries in the Corps of Military Engineers: How Many of Them Were There?

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly M. Panchenko
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Library System ◽  
Engineering Department ◽  
History Of ◽  
Book Collections ◽  
First Time

Recently there appeared quite a lot of publications on the history of military libraries of pre-revolutionary Russia. There arose the question, how many of them there were and why it was so important to know their quantity? In response to this question, first of all, we can discuss the classification of military libra-ries. Basing on the obtained quantitative data we can determine the eligibility of use of the terms “Military Library System” and “System of Military Librarianship”, applied to the libraries of the Ministry of War. Besides that, considering the number of military libraries, we can compare them with the other book collections. In the article on the basis of the pre-revolutionary sources there is counted for the first time the number of engineer and sapper officers’ libraries in the Corps of military engineers. Reliability basis for counting the number of libraries is made by the “Regulations” of 1838, 1863, 1889, orders of the engineering Department, some catalogues of the books, regimental history, and annual summarized publications of journals on the number of its subscribers. On the basis of the above documents and publications there is consistently analyzed the growth dynamics of the officers’ libraries in the Corps of military engineers.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Evolution and Taxonomy of Clostridia, a Phylogenomic Update

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2035-2044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Cruz-Morales ◽  
Camila A Orellana ◽  
George Moutafis ◽  
Glenn Moonen ◽  
Gonzalo Rincon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Clostridium Species ◽  
Animal Pathogens ◽  
Large Genus ◽  
Genus 2 ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
Toxin Evolution

Abstract Clostridium is a large genus of obligate anaerobes belonging to the Firmicutes phylum of bacteria, most of which have a Gram-positive cell wall structure. The genus includes significant human and animal pathogens, causative of potentially deadly diseases such as tetanus and botulism. Despite their relevance and many studies suggesting that they are not a monophyletic group, the taxonomy of the group has largely been neglected. Currently, species belonging to the genus are placed in the unnatural order defined as Clostridiales, which includes the class Clostridia. Here, we used genomic data from 779 strains to study the taxonomy and evolution of the group. This analysis allowed us to 1) confirm that the group is composed of more than one genus, 2) detect major differences between pathogens classified as a single species within the group of authentic Clostridium spp. (sensu stricto), 3) identify inconsistencies between taxonomy and toxin evolution that reflect on the pervasive misclassification of strains, and 4) identify differential traits within central metabolism of members of what has been defined earlier and confirmed by us as cluster I. Our analysis shows that the current taxonomic classification of Clostridium species hinders the prediction of functions and traits, suggests a new classification for this fascinating class of bacteria, and highlights the importance of phylogenomics for taxonomic studies.

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