scholarly journals Comparative cytogenetic patterns in Carangidae fishes in association with their distribution range

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-445
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Xavier Soares ◽  
Clóvis Coutinho da Motta Neto ◽  
Gideão Wagner Werneck Félix da Costa ◽  
Marcelo de Bello Cioffi ◽  
Luiz Antonio Carlos Bertollo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
5S Rdna ◽  
Fluorochrome Staining ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Migratory Capacity ◽  
The Family ◽  
Pericentric Inversions ◽  
Acrocentric Chromosomes ◽  
Predatory Fishes ◽  
Ribosomal Dnas ◽  
Large Distribution

Carangidae are an important and widespreaded family of pelagic predatory fishes that inhabit reef regions or open ocean areas, some species occupying a vast circumglobal distribution. Cytogenetic comparisons among representatives of its different tribes help to understand the process of karyotype divergence in marine ecosystems due to the variable migratory ability of species. In this sense, conventional cytogenetic investigations (Giemsa staining, Ag-NORs, and C-banding), GC base-specific fluorochrome staining and FISH mapping of ribosomal DNAs were performed. Four species, Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy et Gaimard, 1825) and Seriola rivoliana (Valenciennes, 1883) (Naucratini), with circumtropical distributions, Gnathanodon speciosus (Forsskål, 1775) (Carangini), widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical waters of the Indian and Pacific oceans, and Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Trachinotini), distributed along the western Atlantic Ocean, were analyzed, thus encompassing representatives of three out its four tribes. All species have diploid chromosome number 2n = 48, with karyotypes composed mainly by acrocentric chromosomes (NF = 50–56). The 18S rDNA/Ag-NORs/GC+ and 5S rDNA loci were located on chromosomes likely homeologs. Karyotypes showed a pattern considered basal for the family or with small variations in their structures, apparently due to pericentric inversions. The migratory capacity of large pelagic swimmers, in large distribution areas, likely restricts the fixation of chromosome changes in Carangidae responsible for a low level of karyotype diversification.

Paracentric Inversions Differentiate the Conservative Karyotypes in Two Centropomus Species (Teleostei: Centropomidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda T. Borges ◽  
Marcelo B. Cioffi ◽  
Luiz A.C. Bertollo ◽  
Rodrigo X. Soares ◽  
Gideão W.W.F. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Chromosomal Mapping ◽  
Rdna Site ◽  
Fluorochrome Staining ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Replication Banding ◽  
Evolutionary Diversification ◽  
Paracentric Inversions

Centropomus is the sole genus of the Centropomidae family (Teleostei), comprising 12 species widely distributed throughout the Western Atlantic and Eastern Pacific, with 6 of them occurring in the Western Atlantic in extensive sympatry. Their life history and phylogenetic relationships are well characterized; however, aspects of chromosomal evolution are still unknown. Here, cytogenetic analyses of 2 Centropomus species of great economic value (C. undecimalis and C. mexicanus) were performed using conventional (Giemsa, Ag-NOR, and fluorochrome staining, C- and replication banding) and molecular (chromosomal mapping of 18S and 5S rDNA, H2A-H2B and H3 hisDNA, and (TTAGGG)n repeats) approaches. The karyotypes of both species were composed of 48 solely acrocentric chromosomes (2n = 48; FN = 48), but the single ribosomal site was located in varying positions in the long arms of the second largest chromosome pair. Replication bands were generally similar, although conspicuous differences were observed in some chromosome regions. In both species, the histone H3 genes were located on 3 apparently homeologous chromosome pairs, but the exact position of these clusters differed slightly. Interspecific hisDNA and rDNA site displacements can indicate the occurrence of multiple paracentric inversions during the evolutionary diversification of the Centropomus genomes. Although the karyotypes remained similar in both species, our data demonstrate an unsuspected microstructural reorganization between them, driven most likely by a series of paracentric inversions.

scholarly journals First chromosomal analysis of Gymnorhamphichthys britskii: the remarkable lowest diploid value within the family Rhamphichthyidae (Gymnotiformes)

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Alexandre Fernandes ◽  
Allan Kardec Moreira de Aguiar ◽  
Leonardo Marcel Paiz ◽  
Lucas Baumgärtner ◽  
Diovani Piscor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pair ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Submetacentric Chromosome ◽  
Single Chromosome ◽  
Heterochromatic Block ◽  
The Family ◽  
Heteromorphic Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Pair Number ◽  
Acrocentric Chromosomes

ABSTRACT Gymnorhamphichthys britskii is a Neotropical electric fish of family Rhamphichthyidae described from the Paraná-Paraguay system. This study reports the first karyotypic description of G. britskii collected from the upper Paraná river basin, which presented 2n=38 chromosomes, karyotype composed of 14 metacentric, 8 submetacentric, 2 subtelocentric and 14 acrocentric chromosomes, and fundamental number as 62 for both sexes. Heteromorphic sex chromosomes were absent. A single pair of nucleolar organizing regions (NORs) was detected in the submetacentric chromosome pair number 9 by silver staining and confirmed by the 18S rDNA probe. The 5S rDNA was located in a single chromosome pair. Heterochromatic regions were clearly observed in the short arms of the NOR-bearing chromosome pair and in the telomeric positions of most acrocentric chromosomes. Besides the present data are valuable to help in understanding karyotypic evolution in Rhamphichthyidae, data from NORs confirmed the tendency of this family in presenting simple NORs sites, similar to the other Gymnotiformes clades. Yet, the presence of a large heterochromatic block in the NOR-bearing chromosome can be used as cytogenetic markers for G. britskii, and that centric fusions appear to be an important mechanism in the karyotype evolution and differentiation among Gymnotiformes species.

Comparative Karyotype Investigations in the European Crayfish Astacus astacus and A. leptodactylus (Decapoda, Astacidae)

Crustaceana ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 84 (12-13) ◽  
pp. 1497-1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pavlica ◽  
M. Mcžić ◽  
G. Klobučar ◽  
M. Šrut ◽  
I. Maguire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Size Difference ◽  
45S Rdna ◽  
Astacus Astacus ◽  
Fluorochrome Staining ◽  
Rdna Sites ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
Acrocentric Chromosomes

AbstractThis study reports on the chromosome number and karyological characteristics of the endangered species of European crayfish, Astacus astacus and A. leptodactylus (Decapoda, Astacidae), both native to Croatian freshwater habitats. The karyotype of A. astacus and A. leptodactylus consists of 2n = 176 and 2n = 180 chromosomes, respectively. The haploid chromosome complement of A. astacus consists of 52 metacentric, 35 metacentric-submetacentric, and 1 acrocentric chromosomes. Fluorochrome staining with 4,6-diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) has revealed that the karyotypes of A. astacus and A. leptodactylus are characterized by large heterochromatic blocks located at centromeric and intercalary positions on the chromosomes. Interstitial heterochromatic blocks were more frequent in A. astacus than in A. leptodactylus. In both species pairing of chromosomes in meiosis was regular with the majority of bivalents in a ring- and a dumbbell-form. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has revealed that two 45S rDNA loci were present in the investigated species. In A. astacus one of the two 45S rDNA-bearing chromosome pairs was highly heteromorphic, exhibiting a three-fold size difference between 45S rDNA sites on homologous chromosomes. Such a size difference was significantly less pronounced in A. leptodactylus. The karyotype differences between A. astacus and A. leptodactylus suggest changes in chromosome number as well as position of repetitive DNAs have played a role in the karyotype evolution of the species of Astacus.

scholarly journals The role of chromosomal fusion in the karyotypic evolution of the genus Ageneiosus (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Laridondo Lui ◽  
Daniel Rodrigues Blanco ◽  
Juliana de Fatima Martinez ◽  
Vladimir Pavan Margarido ◽  
Paulo Cesar Venere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pair ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Proximal Region ◽  
Terminal Region ◽  
Metacentric Chromosome ◽  
South American ◽  
Submetacentric Chromosome ◽  
Araguaia River ◽  
The Family ◽  
Preferential Location

Ageneiosus is the most widely distributed genus of the family Auchenipteridae among South American river basins. Although chromosome studies in the family are scarce, this genus has the largest number of analyzed species, with 2n = 54 to 56 chromosomes, differing from the rest of the family (2n = 58). This study aimed to analyze Ageneiosus inermis from the Araguaia River basin. The diploid number found was of 56 chromosomes. Heterochromatin was allocated in terminal region of most chromosomes, plus a pericentromeric heterochromatic block in pair 1, a pair distinguished by size in relation to other chromosomes pairs. AgNORs were detected in only one submetacentric chromosome pair, which was confirmed by FISH. 5S rDNA was present in only one metacentric chromosome pair. Hybridization with [TTAGGG]n sequence marked the telomeres of all chromosomes, in addition to an ITS in the proximal region of the short arm of pair 1. The repetitive [GATA]n sequence was dispersed, with preferential location in terminal region of the chromosomes. Ageneiosus has a genomic organization somewhat different when compared to other Auchenipteridae species. Evidences indicate that a chromosomal fusion originated the first metacentric chromosome pair in A. inermis, rearrangement which may be a basal event for the genus

scholarly journals REVISIÓN TAXONÓMICA DE LA FAMILIA ANTENNARIIDAE PARA COLOMBIA (PISCES: LOPHIIFORMES), INCLUYENDO UN NUEVO REGISTRO DE ANTENNARIUS

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz M. Mejía Ladino ◽  
Arturo Acero P. ◽  
Luz S. Mejía M. ◽  
Andrea Polanco F.
Keyword(s):  
Common Species ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Caribbean

The family Antennariidae is represented by two genera (Antennarius and Histrio) and seven species in the Western Atlantic, and by two genera (Antennarius and Antennatus) and five species in the Eastern Pacific. All the species are known from Colombian waters, with the exception of Antenanrius coccineus. In this study we review the family Antenariidae in Colombia, based on the examination of 51 specimens. Antennarius radiosus is first recorded from the Colombian Caribbean, based on two specimens collected with trawls at 20 m depth in Buritaca (Magdalena) and Isla Fuerte (Córdoba). Antennarius radiosus, Antennarius bermudensis, Antennarius multiocellatus, Antennarius ocellatus and Antennarius pauciradiatus are restricted to the Western Atlantic. The most common species found in Colombian seas are Antennarius striatus in the Caribbean and Antennarius avalonis in the Pacific. Histrio histrio is the only species with an almost circumglobal distribution. A key to identify antenariid fishes from Colombia is provided.

A new genus of the family Jaculinidae (Cheilostomata, Bryozoa) from the Miocene of the tropical western Atlantic

Zootaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3838 (1) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAMIL ZÁGORŠEK ◽  
LAÍS V. RAMALHO ◽  
BJÖRN BERNING ◽  
VLADIMIR DE ARAÚJO TÁVORA
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
The Family

scholarly journals New species and host associations of commensal leucothoid amphipods from coral reefs in Florida and Belize (Crustacea:Amphipoda)

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1494 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES DARWIN THOMAS ◽  
KRISTINE N. KLEBBA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Amphipod Species ◽  
Bivalve Mollusks ◽  
Invertebrate Host ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
The Family ◽  
Collecting Techniques ◽  
Comparison Of Ultrastructure

Six new amphipod species in the genus Leucothoe from the tropical western Atlantic Ocean are described and illustrated. Extensive field collecting and specialized underwater collecting techniques have documented 43 new invertebrate host records for these new taxa. Four of these new species inhabit interior canals of sponges; Leucothoe barana n.sp., Leucothoe garifunae n.sp., Leucothoe saron n.sp., and Leucothoe ubouhu n.sp. A remarkable new species, Leucothoe flammosa n.sp., nestles in the gills of seven species of bivalve mollusks. A single species, Leucothoe wuriti n.sp., appears restricted to the branchial chamber of two species of solitary ascidians. Detailed illustrations and scanning electron microscopy enables comparison of ultrastructure details. More precise taxonomic character morphologies are also presented thus allowing improved taxonomic precision within the family Leucothoidae.

scholarly journals Sex Chromosomes and Internal Telomeric Sequences in Dormitator latifrons (Richardson 1844) (Eleotridae: Eleotrinae): An Insight into Their Origin in the Genus

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 659
Author(s):  
Fabilene Gomes Paim ◽  
Mauro Nirchio ◽  
Claudio Oliveira ◽  
Anna Rita Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Chromosomal Mapping ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽  
Neotropical Fish ◽  
Telomeric Repeats ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Telomeric Sequences

The freshwater fish species Dormitator latifrons, commonly named the Pacific fat sleeper, is an important food resource in CentralSouth America, yet almost no genetic information on it is available. A cytogenetic analysis of this species was undertaken by standard and molecular techniques (chromosomal mapping of 18S rDNA, 5S rDNA, and telomeric repeats), aiming to describe the karyotype features, verify the presence of sex chromosomes described in congeneric species, and make inferences on chromosome evolution in the genus. The karyotype (2n = 46) is mainly composed of metacentric and submetacentic chromosomes, with nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) localized on the short arms of submetacentric pair 10. The presence of XX/XY sex chromosomes was observed, with the X chromosome carrying the 5S rDNA sequences. These heterochromosomes likely appeared before 1 million years ago, since they are shared with another derived Dormitator species (Dormitator maculatus) distributed in the Western Atlantic. Telomeric repeats hybridize to the terminal portions of almost all chromosomes; additional interstitial sites are present in the centromeric region, suggesting pericentromeric inversions as the main rearrangement mechanisms that has driven karyotypic evolution in the genus. The data provided here contribute to improving the cytogenetics knowledge of D. latifrons, offering basic information that could be useful in aquaculture farming of this neotropical fish.

Sequence characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the 5S ribosomal DNA in species of the family Batrachoididae

Genome ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 723-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Úbeda-Manzanaro ◽  
Manuel Alejandro Merlo ◽  
José Luis Palazón ◽  
Carmen Sarasquete ◽  
Laureana Rebordinos
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fish Family ◽  
Sequence Characterization ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
The Family ◽  
Clear Differentiation

5S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences were analyzed in four species belonging to different genera of the fish family Batrachoididae. Several 5S rDNA variants differing in their non-transcribed spacers (NTSs) were found and were grouped into two main types. Two species showed both types of 5S rDNA, whereas the other two species showed only one type. One type of NTS of Amphichthys cryptocentrus showed a high polymorphism due to several deletions and insertions, and phylogenetic analysis showed a between-species clustering of this type of NTS in Amphichthys cryptocentrus. These results suggest a clear differentiation in the model of 5S rDNA evolution of these four species of Batrachoididae, which appear to have been subject to processes of concerted evolution and birth-and-death evolution with purifying selection.

Cytogenetic studies on Sauria (Reptilia). I. Mitotic chromosomes of the Agamidae

1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Solleder ◽  
M. Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
The Family ◽  
Telocentric Chromosomes ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
Pericentric Inversions ◽  
Dna Organization

The karotypes of nine species of the family Agamidae were analyzed with various banding techniques and conventional cytogenetic stainings. Whereas the examined species of the genera Calotes and Leiolepis exhibit conservative karyotypes, the chromosome number and chromosome morphology varies considerably within the genus Agama. This is attributed to centric fusions between telocentric chromosomes and pericentric inversions within the chromosomes. None of the species demonstrated multiple quinacrine banding patterns in the euchromatic segments of the metaphase chromosomes. This is probably due to the special DNA organization in these organisms.

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