A revision of the minor species group in the millipede genus Nannaria Chamberlin, 1918 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae)

Millipedes in the family Xystodesmidae (Polydesmida) are often referred to as “colorful, flat-backed millipedes” for their bright aposematic coloration and tendency to form Müllerian mimicry rings in the Appalachian region. However, there are many species of Xystodesmidae that do not display colorful warning patterns, and instead have more cryptic appearances. Perhaps for this reason, groups such as the genus Nannaria have remained understudied, despite containing a large number of undescribed species. Before his death in 2012, R. L. Hoffman worked on a revision of the genus Nannaria, and synthesized material and drawings since 1949. Here the work is continued, inferring a molecular phylogeny of the Nannariini (Nannaria + Oenomaea pulchella), and revealing two clades within the genus. One clade is named the minor species group, and the second is the wilsoni species group. This revision, using a molecular phylogenetic framework, is the basis for descriptions of 35 new species in the minor species group. A multi-gene molecular phylogeny is used to make taxonomic changes in the taxon. Eleven putative species of Nannaria are also illustrated and discussed. Additionally, detailed collection, natural history and habitat notes, distribution maps, and a key to species of the Nannaria minor species group are provided. These items are synthesized as a basis for a revision of the genus, which hopefully will aid conservation and evolutionary investigations of this cryptic and understudied group.

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Molecular phylogeny, morphology and their implications for the taxonomy of Eriocaulaceae

Rodriguésia ◽

10.1590/s2175-78602012000100001 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 001-019 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Ana M. Giulietti ◽

Maria José G. Andrade ◽

Vera L. Scatena ◽

Marcelo Trovó ◽

Alessandra I. Coan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Genetics ◽

Bayesian Inference ◽

Molecular Phylogeny ◽

New World ◽

Additional Data ◽

Phylogenetic Studies ◽

The Family ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Taxonomic Changes ◽

Anatomical Characters

The pantropical family Eriocaulaceae includes ten genera and c. 1,400 species, with diversity concentrated in the New World. The last complete revision of the family was published more than 100 years ago, and until recently the generic and infrageneric relationships were poorly resolved. However, a multi-disciplinary approach over the last 30 years, using morphological and anatomical characters, has been supplemented with additional data from palynology, chemistry, embryology, population genetics, cytology and, more recently, molecular phylogenetic studies. This led to a reassessment of phylogenetic relationships within the family. In this paper we present new data for the ITS and trnL-F regions, analysed separately and in combination, using maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference. The data confirm previous results, and show that many characters traditionally used for differentiating and circumscribing the genera within the family are homoplasious. A new generic key with characters from various sources and reflecting the current taxonomic changes is presented.

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Overview and revision of the extant genera and subgenera of Trogidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea)

Insect Systematics & Evolution ◽

10.1163/1876312x-46052133 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 53-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Werner P. Strümpher ◽

Martin H. Villet ◽

Catherine L. Sole ◽

Clarke H. Scholtz

Keyword(s):

Molecular Phylogeny ◽

Endemic Species ◽

Strong Support ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

New Combinations ◽

Genus Level ◽

Generic Rank ◽

The Family ◽

Taxonomic Changes

Extant genera and subgenera of the Trogidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) are reviewed. Contemporary classifications of this family have been based exclusively on morphological characters. The first molecular phylogeny for the family recently provided strong support for the relationships between morphologically defined genera and subgenera. On the basis of morphological, molecular and biogeographical evidence, certain taxonomic changes to the genus-level classification of the family are now proposed. The family is confirmed as consisting of two subfamilies, Omorginae Nikolajev and Troginae MacLeay, the former with two genera,OmorgusErichson andPolynoncusBurmeister, and the latter with two genera,TroxFabricius andPhoberusMacLeaystat. rev.Phoberusis restored to generic rank to include all Afrotropical (including Madagascan endemic) species;Afromorgusis confirmed at subgeneric rank within the genusOmorgus; and the monotypic Madagascan genusMadagatroxsyn. n.is synonymised withPhoberus.The current synonymies ofPseudotroxRobinson (withTrox),ChesasBurmeister,LagopelusBurmeister andMegalotroxPreudhomme de Borre (all withOmorgus) are all accepted to avoid creating speculative synonyms before definitive phylogenetic evidence is available. New combinations resulting from restoringPhoberusto a monophyletic genus are listed in Appendix A.

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Bosminopsis deitersi (Crustacea: Cladocera) as an ancient species group: a revision

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.11310 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e11310

Author(s):

Petr G. Garibian ◽

Dmitry P. Karabanov ◽

Anna N. Neretina ◽

Derek J. Taylor ◽

Alexey A. Kotov

Keyword(s):

Morphological Evolution ◽

Single Species ◽

Species Group ◽

Freshwater Ecology ◽

Genetic Approach ◽

Species Problem ◽

Ecological Requirements ◽

Morphological Stasis ◽

The Family ◽

Group A

Water fleas (Crustacea: Cladocera) of the Family Bosminidae have been studied since the founding of paleolimnology and freshwater ecology. However, one species, Bosminopsis deitersi, stands out for its exceptional multicontinental range and broad ecological requirements. Here we use an integrated morphological and multilocus genetic approach to address the species problem in B. deitersi. We analyzed 32 populations of B. deitersi s. lat. Two nuclear and two mitochondrial loci were used to carry out the bGMYC, mPTP and STACEY algorithms for species delimitation. Detailed morphological study was also carried out across continents. The evidence indicated a widely distributed cryptic species in the Old World (Bosminopsis zernowi) that is genetically divergent from B. deitersi s.str. We revised the taxonomy and redescribed the species in this complex. Our sampling indicated that B. zernowi had weak genetic differentiation across its range. A molecular clock and biogeographic analysis with fossil calibrations suggested a Mesozoic origin for the Bosminopsis deitersi group. Our evidence rejects the single species hypothesis for B. deitersi and is consistent with an ancient species group (potentially Mesozoic) that shows marked morphological conservation. The family Bosminidae, then, has examples of both rapid morphological evolution (Holocene Bosmina), and morphological stasis (Bosminopsis).

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Two new species of snail-eating snakes of the genus Tropidodipsas (Serpentes, Dipsadidae) from southern Mexico, with notes on related species

Herpetozoa ◽

10.3897/herpetozoa.34.e69176 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 233-257

Author(s):

Christoph I. Grünwald ◽

Sarahi Toribio-Jiménez ◽

Carlos Montaño-Ruvalcaba ◽

Hector Franz-Chávez ◽

Miguel A. Peñaloza-Montaño ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Molecular Phylogeny ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Species Group ◽

Conservation Priorities ◽

Southern Mexico ◽

Two New Species ◽

Taxonomic Changes ◽

Morphological And Molecular Data ◽

Mexican Species

We describe two new species of Tropidodipsas related to the T. fasciata species group as defined by Kofron (1987), and provide morphological and molecular data to support the novelty of both species. A partial molecular phylogeny of the Mexican species of snail-eating snakes (Serpentes, Dipsadidae) is presented, and we discuss evolutionary relationships as supported by our molecular results. We analyze specific relationships of the new species described herein with their closest relatives. We present a distribution map for all species of Tropidodipsas and include photographs of living individuals of each species. Finally, we discuss other taxonomic changes based on our molecular phylogeny as well as conservation priorities of the new species.

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A tale of two genera: the revival of Hoplodoris (Nudibranchia: Discodorididae) with the description of new species of Hoplodoris and Asteronotus

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4890.1.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4890 (1) ◽

pp. 1-37

Author(s):

SAMANTHA A. DONOHOO ◽

TERRENCE M. GOSLINER

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Marine Ecosystem ◽

Undescribed Species ◽

The Family ◽

The World ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Taxonomic Changes ◽

Distinct Separation ◽

The Western Pacific

Nudibranchs in the family Discodorididae are generally medium (~30mm) to large (> 50mm) in size, sometimes cryptic, and are found in almost every marine ecosystem around the world. The diversity and systematics of the genera within Discodorididae are poorly understood and have led to numerous taxonomic changes. Hoplodoris Bergh, 1880 has recently been considered a synonym of Asteronotus Ehrenberg, 1831; however, morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses reveal a distinct separation between these two genera. Here we provide a re-description of the type species Hoplodoris desmoparypha as well as descriptions of four undescribed species of Asteronotus and Hoplodoris. Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses of two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes were used to evaluate the phylogenetic positions of the new species and clarify the relationships between Asteronotus and Hoplodoris to the rest of the Discodorididae. Based on our results, Hoplodoris is removed from synonymy with Asteronotus. Descriptions for Asteronotus markaensis sp. nov., and Asteronotus namuro sp. nov. from the Red Sea, as well as Hoplodoris balbon sp. nov. and Hoplodoris rosans sp. nov. from the western Pacific are provided.

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Pholcus mixiaoqii sp. nov., one new spider species from Tibet, China (Araneae: Pholcidae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4656.2.11 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4656 (2) ◽

pp. 384-388

Author(s):

HAO XU ◽

CHUNTIAN ZHANG ◽

ZHIYUAN YAO

Keyword(s):

Species Group ◽

New Genera ◽

Southeastern Usa ◽

Spider Species ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Family ◽

Taxonomic Changes ◽

Species Groups ◽

Australasian Region ◽

A New Species

The genus Pholcus Walckenaer, 1805 belongs to the family Pholcidae C.L. Koch, 1850, which is a species-rich group, including 94 genera and 1,716 species (World Spider Catalog 2019). Pholcus is mainly distributed in the Palaearctic, Indo-Malayan, Afrotropical, and Australasian Region (Huber 2011). The only exception is the Pholcus kingi group with ten species in the southeastern USA (Huber 2011). The genus includes species from a wide range of habitats, e.g., between buttresses, in small holes or caves, among and under large rocks, or on the underside of green leaves (Huber 2011). Many taxonomic changes were implemented on the latest molecular phylogeny analyses (Eberle et al. 2018; Huber et al. 2018), including nine new genera resulted from splitting Pholcus: Cantikus Huber, 2018, Kelabita Huber, 2018, Kintaqa Huber, 2018, Meraha Huber, 2018, Muruta Huber, 2018, Paiwana Huber, 2018, Pribumia Huber, 2018, Teranga Huber, 2018, and Tissahamia Huber, 2018. The genus Sihala Huber, 2011 was synonymized with Pholcus and the species Pholcus agadir Huber, 2011 was moved to Micropholcus Deeleman-Reinhold & Prinsen, 1987 (Huber et al. 2018). Nevertheless, Pholcus continues to be the most species-rich genus in Pholcidae and currently includes 328 species belonging to 21 species-groups [previously: 393 species and 32 species-groups] (Huber 2011; Huber et al. 2018; World Spider Catalog 2019). One of the generic species-groups, the Pholcus nenjukovi species-group, contains eight species and occurs in northeastern Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Russia (the single record of Pholcus sidorenkoi Dunin, 1994 from Russia is dubious, see Huber 2011: 339). In the present study, we describe a new species from southwestern Tibet, China assigned to the Pholcus nenjukovi species-group. This distribution represents the eastern most record for the species-group (Fig. 1).

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Molecular phylogeny of Acrobeloides and Cephalobus (Nematoda: Cephalobidae) reveals paraphyletic taxa and recurrent evolution of simple labial morphology

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854106779799178 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 819-836 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Steven Nadler ◽

Ashleigh Smythe

Keyword(s):

Molecular Phylogeny ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Lateral Field ◽

The Core ◽

Morphological Taxonomy ◽

Dominant Feature ◽

The Family ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic

AbstractMembers of the family Cephalobidae (Nematoda) are among the most common and morphologically striking soil nematodes. Many members of Cephalobidae have extensive lip elaborations called probolae, but two taxonomically problematic genera, Acrobeloides and Cephalobus, have simple, low probolae. We sequenced a portion of the nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA for 33 cultures of Acrobeloides and Cephalobus. A phylogenetic analysis of these data, plus sequences representing other members of Cephalobina, revealed a core clade of 22 closely related taxa, but did not represent Acrobeloides and Cephalobus as monophyletic. The dominant feature used in morphological taxonomy of Cephalobidae, the lip region, was homoplastic according to the molecular phylogenetic hypothesis. Contrary to previous suggestions, taxa with simple probolae have arisen multiple times from taxa with complex probolae. Cultures were also examined for mode of reproduction (presumed parthenogenetic vs sexual) and three morphological characters commonly used in generic diagnoses: the shape of the corpus in profile; the number of lateral incisures; and the terminal extent of the lateral field. Most cultures, including all 22 members of the core clade, lacked males and were presumed to be parthenogenetic, but several independent origins of sexually reproducing taxa were found. Of the morphological characters, only the corpus shape was consistent with the molecular phylogeny, however, the utility of this character is also questioned. Many genera with complex probolae were also paraphyletic, including Nothacrobeles, Zeldia and Cervidellus, indicating the need for more comprehensive phylogenies and a broad taxonomic revision of the family.

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Annotated nomenclator of extant and fossil taxa of the Paludomidae (Caenogastropoda, Cerithioidea)

ZooKeys ◽

10.3897/zookeys.850.34238 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 850 ◽

pp. 1-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marco T. Neiber ◽

Matthias Glaubrecht

Keyword(s):

Type Species ◽

Species Group ◽

Family Group ◽

Type Locality ◽

Original Publication ◽

New Name ◽

The Family ◽

Group A ◽

Original Classification

This nomenclator provides bibliographic details on all names in the family-, genus-, and species-group of the the family Paludomidae. All nomenclaturally available names are discussed including junior homonyms and objective junior synonyms as well as unavailable names such as nomina nuda, infrasubspecific names and, to some extent, also incorrect subsequent spellings. In the family-group a total of 28 names are included in the nomenclator, of which 21 are available and seven unavailable names. Of the available names in the family-group, six are invalid for nomenclatural reasons. In the genus-group a total of 57 names are included in the catalogue. Of the available names in the genus-group, 11 are invalid for nomenclatural reasons. In the species-group a total of 499 names are included, of which 463 are available, but 21 are invalid for nomenclatural reasons. All names are given in their original combination and spelling (mandatory changes are discussed and corrected spellings are provided), along with the reference to the original publication. For each family- and genus-group name, the original classification and the type genus or type species, respectively, are given. For species-group taxa the type locality and type horizon (for fossil taxa) are provided, usually as given in the original publication. A new name,Cleopatraadaminom. nov., is proposed for the fossilCleopatracylindrica(Adam, 1957), which is a homonym ofCleopatracridlandicylindricaMandahl-Barth, 1954, and a lectotype forCleopatradubiaAdam, 1959 is designated. A new replacement nameLeloupiellanom. nov. is proposed forStormsiaLeloup, 1953 which is a homonym ofStormsiaBourguignat, 1891.

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Combining the small South American genus Androtrichum into Cyperus (Cyperaceae)

Plant Ecology and Evolution ◽

10.5091/plecevo.2020.1746 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 153 (3) ◽

pp. 446-454

Author(s):

Luciana Pereira-Silva ◽

Rafael Trevisan ◽

Ana Claudia Rodrigues ◽

Isabel Larridon

Keyword(s):

The Other ◽

Distribution Data ◽

South American ◽

Kranz Anatomy ◽

Phylogenetic Studies ◽

Code Of Nomenclature ◽

The Family ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Taxonomic Changes ◽

Complex Relationships

Background and aims – Molecular phylogenetic studies have provided a clearer understanding of the complex relationships within the family Cyperaceae. These studies have consistently shown that 12 allied genera are nested in the genus Cyperus. However, early Sanger sequencing-based phylogenies that included the two species of the small South American genus Androtrichum were inconclusive in placing this genus either as sister to Cyperus or as part of its early divergent lineages. A recent phylogenetic analysis however conclusively placed the two species of Androtrichum within the C3 Cyperus Grade. In this study, we investigate if the morphology and anatomy of Androtrichum species provide additional evidence for their placement in the genus Cyperus. In addition, we provide descriptions and distribution data for the species.Material and methods – Herbarium material from FLOR, FURB, GENT, ICN, and K has been studied. Samples of the culm and leaf were studied using histological methods. Taxonomic changes and typifications of names were performed according to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. Key results – The morphology and the non-Kranz anatomy observed in the Androtrichum species confirm their placement among the other C3 Cyperus species. Androtrichum is combined into Cyperus. For one species, a combination in Cyperus is already available: Cyperus trigynus. For the other species, a new name in Cyperus is published: Cyperus byssaceus. Two typifications are established and morphological descriptions and distribution data are provided. Conclusion – By integrating recent molecular phylogenetic data with additional evidence from morphology and anatomy, Androtrichum is combined into Cyperus. As a result of this taxonomic change, a single monophyletic genus Cyperus is now recognised in the Cyperus Clade of tribe Cypereae.

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New Data Define the Molecular Phylogeny and Taxonomy of Four Freshwater Suctorian Ciliates With Redefinition of Two Families Heliophryidae and Cyclophryidae (Ciliophora, Phyllopharyngea, Suctoria)

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.768724 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Mingzhen Ma ◽

Yuqing Li ◽

Qingxiang Yuan ◽

Xuetong Zhao ◽

Khaled A. S. Al-Rasheid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Molecular Phylogeny ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Ssu Rdna ◽

Freshwater Lake ◽

The Other ◽

Sufficient Evidence ◽

Rdna Sequences ◽

The Family ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic

Four suctorian ciliates, Cyclophrya magna Gönnert, 1935, Peridiscophrya florea (Kormos & Kormos, 1958) Dovgal, 2002, Heliophrya rotunda (Hentschel, 1916) Matthes, 1954 and Dendrosoma radians Ehrenberg, 1838, were collected from a freshwater lake in Ningbo, China. The morphological redescription and molecular phylogenetic analyses of these ciliates were investigated. Phylogenetic analyses inferred from SSU rDNA sequences show that all three suctorian orders, Endogenida, Evaginogenida, and Exogenida, are monophyletic and that the latter two clusters as sister clades. The newly sequenced P. florea forms sister branches with C. magna, while sequences of D. radians group with those from H. rotunda within Endogenida. The family Heliophryidae, which is comprised of only two genera, Heliophrya and Cyclophrya, was previously assigned to Evaginogenida. There is now sufficient evidence, however, that the type genus Heliophrya reproduces by endogenous budding, which corresponds to the definitive feature of Endogenida. In line with this and with the support of molecular phylogenetic analyses, we therefore transfer the family Heliophryidae with the type genus Heliophrya to Endogenida. The other genus, Cyclophrya, still remains in Evaginogenida because of its evaginative budding. Therefore, combined with morphological and phylogenetic analysis, Cyclophyidae are reactivated, and it belongs to Evaginogenida.

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