scholarly journals Two new Cypridopsinae Kaufmann, 1900 (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from southern Africa

ZooKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1076 ◽  
pp. 83-107
Author(s):  
Agata Szwarc ◽  
Koen Martens ◽  
Tadeusz Namiotko
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Left Valve ◽  
Temporary Waters ◽  
North West ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
The North

Two new Cypridopsinae ostracods, Potamocypris meissnerisp. nov. and Sarscypridopsis harundinetisp. nov. are described. Both were found only as asexual (all-female) populations in temporary waters of southern Africa. Potamocypris meissneri was collected from a small pan in the North-West Province of South Africa. It is approximately 0.5 mm long and belongs to the species group with long swimming setae on the second antennae. However, the species has a somewhat isolated position in the genus owing to the conspicuously reticulated carapace, which is furthermore densely covered by prominent conuli with normal pores carrying long sensilla, as well as to the wide anterior and posterior flanges on the left valve. To allow identification of the new species in relation to its closest congeners, a key to the species of the genus Potamocypris Brady, 1870 from southern Africa is provided. The genus Sarscypridopsis McKenzie, 1977 mostly has an Afrotropical distribution with only few species occurring in other regions. Sarscypridopsis harundineti was collected from floodplains of the outskirts of the Okavango Delta in Botswana. It is approximately 0.4 mm long and can be distinguished from congeners mainly by the smaller and more oval-shaped valves. We conclude that southern African Cypridopsinae urgently need integrated taxonomic revision, by means of both morphological characters and DNA-sequence data.

scholarly journals Revision of the poorly known Neotropical butterfly genus Zischkaia Forster, 1964 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae), with descriptions of nine new species

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Nakahara ◽  
Thamara Zacca ◽  
Fernando M.S. Dias ◽  
Diego R. Dolibaina ◽  
Lei Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
South American ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Dna Sequence Data

We provide the first comprehensive taxonomic revision of the poorly known South American butterfly genus Zischkaia Forster, 1964, hitherto regarded as including three described species. A phylogenetic analysis based on DNA sequence data shows that Zischkaia is monophyletic and consists of two morphologically diagnosable clades. Morphological characters and DNA ‘barcodes’ support the recognition of twelve species in the genus, a significant increase even for the relatively poorly studied subtribe Euptychiina. Consequently, nine new species are described and named herein, including Z. arctoa Nakahara, sp. nov., Z. chullachaki Nakahara & Zacca, sp. nov., Z. baku Zacca, Dolibaina & Dias, sp. nov., Z. arenisca Nakahara, Willmott & Hall, sp. nov., Z. argyrosflecha Nakahara, L. Miller & Huertas, sp. nov., Z. abanico Nakahara & Petit, sp. nov., Z. josti Nakahara & Kleckner, sp. nov., Z. mielkeorum Dolibaina, Dias & Zacca, sp. nov. and Z. warreni Dias, Zacca & Dolibaina, sp. nov. In addition, a neotype is designated for Satyrus pacarus Godart, [1824], and lectotypes are designated for Euptychia amalda Weymer, 1911, Euptychia fumata Butler, 1867 and Euptychia saundersii Butler, 1867.

Revised circumscription of Nothofagus and recognition of the segregate genera Fuscospora, Lophozonia, and Trisyngyne (Nothofagaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER B. HEENAN ◽  
ROB D. SMISSEN
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
South America ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Dna Sequence Data

The generic taxonomy of the Nothofagaceae is revised. We present a new phylogenetic analysis of morphological characters and map these characters onto a recently published phylogenetic tree obtained from DNA sequence data. Results of these and previous analyses strongly support the monophyly of four clades of Nothofagaceae that are currently treated as subgenera of Nothofagus. The four clades of Nothofagaceae are robust and well-supported, with deep stem divergences, have evolutionary equivalence with other genera of Fagales, and can be circumscribed with morphological characters. We argue that these morphological and molecular differences are sufficient for the four clades of Nothofagaceae to be recognised at the primary rank of genus, and that this classification will be more informative and efficient than the currently circumscribed Nothofagus with four subgenera.        Nothofagus is recircumscribed to include five species from southern South America, Lophozonia and Trisyngyne are reinstated, and the new genus Fuscospora is described. Fuscospora and Lophozonia, with six and seven species respectively, occur in New Zealand, southern South America and Australia. Trisyngyne comprises 25 species from New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. New combinations are provided where necessary in each of these genera.

scholarly journals A new corticolous species of Mycena sect. Viscipelles (Basidiomycota: Agaricales) from the bark of a Living American elm tree in Texas, U.S.A.

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-185
Author(s):  
Brian A. Perry ◽  
Harold W. Keller ◽  
Edward D. Forrester ◽  
Billy G. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Fort Worth ◽  
Moist Chamber ◽  
American Elm ◽  
The North

A  Mycena species new to science was obtained from moist chamber cultures of trunk bark of a living American elm tree (Ulmus americana) located in the Fort Worth Botanic Garden, Tarrant County, Texas. This discovery was part of an ongoing study of corticolous myxomycetes on larger American elm trees occurring in Fort Worth nature parks. More than 15 American elm trees were sampled for trunk bark but only a single tree yielded  Mycena basidiomes. Collections of bark began in the summer of 2017 and continued until the beginning of 2020. Bark samples from the north, south and west side of the tree yielded fruit bodies of the mushroom in moist chamber culture. No fruit bodies were observed in nature nor were early formation stages on the underside of the bark. Crystals previously described in another study were present on the bark surfaces, edges, and undersides. Habit and morphological development were photographed using light microscopy applying multifocal imaging and computer stacking to increase depth of field. Basidiome development was observed and photographed from the earliest primordial beginning stage, the button stage, intermediate stage and the final emerging stalk elongation and mature cap formation stage. Mature mushroom development took from 9 to 21 days after wetting the bark in moist chamber cultures. Scanning electron microscopy was used to illustrate development of the button stage, emerging stalk and pileus stage, and the fully mature pileus, lamellae, and pseudocollarium. Morphological features and DNA sequence data confirmed that this  Mycena species was undescribed and distinct from other  Mycena taxa. Morphological features suggest placement of the novel taxon in  Mycena sect. Viscipelles, distinct from other members based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis.

Generic Delimitations and Relationships of the Cape Genera Capnophyllum, Dasispermum, and Sonderina, the North African Genera Krubera and Stoibrax, and a New Monotypic Genus of the Subfamily Apioideae (Apiaceae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 580-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony R. Magee ◽  
Ben-Erik van Wyk ◽  
Patricia M. Tilney ◽  
Stephen R. Downie
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
North African ◽  
African Species ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
The North ◽  
Relationship Of

Generic circumscriptions and phylogenetic relationships of the Cape genera Capnophyllum, Dasispermum, and Sonderina are explored through parsimony and Bayesian inference analyses of nrDNA ITS and cpDNA rps16 intron sequences, morphology, and combined molecular and morphological data. The relationship of these genera with the North African genera Krubera and Stoibrax is also assessed. Analyses of both molecular data sets place Capnophyllum, Dasispermum, Sonderina, and the only southern African species of Stoibrax (S. capense) within the newly recognized Lefebvrea clade of tribe Tordylieae. Capnophyllum is strongly supported as monophyletic and is distantly related to Krubera. The monotypic genus Dasispermum and Stoibrax capense are embedded within a paraphyletic Sonderina. This complex is distantly related to the North African species of Stoibrax in tribe Apieae, in which the type species, Stoibrax dichotomum, occurs. Consequently, Dasispermum is expanded to include both Sonderina and Stoibrax capense. New combinations are formalized for Dasispermum capense, D. hispidum, D. humile, and D. tenue. An undescribed species from the Tanqua Karoo in South Africa is also closely related to Capnophyllum and the Dasispermum–Sonderina complex. The genus Scaraboides is described herein to accommodate the new species, S. manningii. This monotypic genus shares the dorsally compressed fruit and involute marginal wings with Capnophyllum, but is easily distinguished by its erect branching habit, green leaves, scabrous umbels, and fruit with indistinct median and lateral ribs, additional solitary vittae in each marginal wing, and parallel, closely spaced commissural vittae. Despite the marked fruit similarities with Capnophyllum, analyses of DNA sequence data place Scaraboides closer to the Dasispermum–Sonderina complex, with which it shares the erect habit, green (nonglaucous) leaves, and scabrous umbels.

Combined molecular and morphological phylogeny of Ephemerellinae (Ephemerellidae: Ephemeroptera), with remarks about classification

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 1991 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. HEATH OGDEN ◽  
JONATHAN T. OSBORNE ◽  
LUKE M. JACOBUS ◽  
MICHAEL F. WHITING
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Histone H3 ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Rdna Genes ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Extant Genus ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Combined Data

This study represents the first combined molecular and morphological analysis for the mayfly family Ephemerellidae (Ephemeroptera), with a focus on the relationships of genera and species groups of the subfamily Ephemerellinae. The phylogeny was constructed based on DNA sequence data from 3 nuclear (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, histone H3) and 2 mitochondrial (12S rDNA, 16S rDNA) genes, and 23 morphological characters. Taxon sampling for Ephemerellidae included exemplars from all 25 extant genus groups and additional representatives from those genera with the highest diversity. Ephemerellidae appears to consist of three major clades. Ephemerella, the largest genus of Ephemerellidae, and Serratella were not supported as monophyletic, and each had representatives in two of the three major clades. However, the genera Drunella and Cincticostella were supported as monophyletic. Lineages strongly supported as monophyletic include a grouping of the Timpanoginae genera Timpanoga, Dannella, Dentatella and Eurylophella, and groupings of the Ephemerellinae genera Torleya, Hyrtanella and Crinitella and the genera Kangella, Uracanthella and Teloganopsis. The placement of the Timpanoginae genus Attenella fell within Ephemerellinae, based on molecular and combined data, but it grouped with other Timpanoginae based on morphological data alone. Further study and analysis of Ephemerellidae morphology is needed, and classification should be revised, if it is to reflect phylogenetic relationships.

Redescription of Anopheles oswaldoi (Peryassú, 1922) (Diptera: Culicidae), with formal lectotype designation

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1588 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAYSA TIEMI MOTOKI ◽  
YVONNE-MARIE LINTON ◽  
FREDDY RUIZ ◽  
CARMEN FLORES-MENDOZA ◽  
MARIA ANICE MUREB SALLUM
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Fourth Instar Larva ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Identity

Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) oswaldoi (Peryassú, 1922) comprises a species complex in South America. To fully characterize other taxa within the Oswaldoi Complex, it is essential to fix the identity of the nominotypical member. Given that the no type was designated in the original description, a lectotype is formally designated from the remaining syntypes in the Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro. These and other recently collected specimens from the type locality (Espírito Santo, Brazil) and the State of São Paulo, Brazil were used to redescribe the species using morphological characters of the adult female, male and male genitalia, and the fourth-instar larva and pupa. The larva, pupa, and male genitalia are illustrated. Diagnostic morphological characters of the adult female and male genitalia are provided to distinguish An. oswaldoi s.s. from the morphologically similar An. konderi, An. galvaoi, and An. ininii. DNA sequence data from the second nuclear internal transcribed spacer region (ITS2) are included to fix the molecular identity of An. oswaldoi s.s.

scholarly journals Indigenous healers in the North West province: A survey of their clinical activities in health care in the rural areas

Curationis ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Shai-Mahoko
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Simple Random Sample ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Clinical Conditions

The purpose of this study was to explore the clinical conditions brought to indigenous healers by people in the rural areas in search of health care. The demographic variables and preventive, promotive, curative and follow-up activities of indigenous healers were investigated. Data were collected from a simple random sample of 35 indigenous healers. A questionnaire designed by Mogoba (1984) for investigation of training and functioning of traditional doctors in Southern Africa was modified and used to collect data.

New genetic lineages within Moroccan day geckos Quedenfeldtia (Sphaerodactylidae) revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
David James Harris ◽  
Daniela Rosado ◽  
Raquel Xavier ◽  
Daniele Salvi
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Substantial Portion ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Atlas Mountains ◽  
Morphological Assessment

The genus Quedenfeldtia is composed of two species, Q. moerens and Q. trachyblepharus, both endemic to the Atlas Mountains region of Morocco. Previous studies recovered two main genetic lineages within each Quedenfeldtia species, although sampling did not cover a substantial portion of their known distribution. In this study we collected individuals from previously unsampled localities of Quedenfeldtia and carried out genetic analyses in order to assess the range of previously identified lineages and the occurrence of additional lineages. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on both mitochondrial (12S and ND4 + tRNA) and nuclear (MC1R) markers revealed that while the new individuals of Q. moerens belong to previously described lineages, two new lineages of Q. trachyblepharus were uncovered from the northern and southern parts of the range. Genetic divergence of these new lineages (8-9% ND4 + tRNA p-distance) was higher than values observed between other lizard sister species. In the future a thorough morphological assessment is needed to complement this study and allow a taxonomic revision of these taxa. The results of this study highlight the importance of biodiversity assessments in mountainous regions characterized by high endemicity but which are difficult to access.

Phylogenetic reassignment of basal cyclostome braconid parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera) with description of a new, enigmatic Afrotropical tribe with a highly anomalous 28S D2 secondary structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 190 (3) ◽  
pp. 1002-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L J Quicke ◽  
Sergey A Belokobylskij ◽  
Yves Braet ◽  
Cornelis van Achterberg ◽  
Paul D N Hebert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Elongation Factor 1 Alpha ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Molecular Dataset ◽  
First Time

Abstract A new tribe of braconid wasps provisionally included in the Rhyssalinae, Laibaleini trib. nov., type genus Laibalea gen. nov. (type species Laibalea enigmatica sp. nov.), from Kenya and the Central African Republic, is described. A molecular dataset, with emphasis on basally derived taxa based on four gene fragments (28S D2–D3 expansion region, COI barcode, elongation factor 1-alpha and 16S ribosomal DNA), was analysed both alone and in combination with a morphological dataset. Molecular phylogenetic placement of the new species into an existing subfamily is complicated by the extreme sequence divergence of the three sequences obtained for Laibalea. In both the combined sequence analysis and the combined DNA plus morphological tree, Laibalea is recovered as a sister group to the Rhyssalinae plus all non-cyclostome lineage braconids excluding Mesostoinae, Maxfischeriinae and Aphidiinae. A consensus of morphological characters and molecular analyses suggests inclusion of Laibalea either in the otherwise principally Holarctic subfamily Rhyssalinae or perhap more basally, in the principally Gondwanan Mesostoinae s.l., although we cannot exclude the possibility that it might represent a separate basal lineage. We place Laibalea in its own tribe, provisionally included in Rhyssalinae. The DNA sequence data are presented for several genera for the first time. Avga, the type genus of Avgini, is shown not to belong to Mesostoinae s.l. or Hormiinae, but its exact relationships remain uncertain. The generic compositions of Rhyssalinae and Mesostoinae s.l. are revised. Anachyra, Apoavga, Neptihormius, Neoavga and Opiopterus are shown to belong to Mesostoinae s.s. A key to the tribes of Rhyssalinae is provided.

scholarly journals The meaning and effect of HIV/AIDS stigma for people living with AIDS and nurses involved in their care in the North West Province, South Africa

Curationis ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Greeff ◽  
R. Phetlhu
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Aids Stigma ◽  
North West Province ◽  
Hiv Aids

The five countries with the highest HIV prevalence rates in the world are situated in southern Africa, and South Africa, with an estimated 4,7 million people living with HIV (PLWA), has more cases of HIV/AIDS than any other country. AIDS stigma and discrimination continue to impact on those living with and affected by the HIV disease and their health-care providers, particularly in southern Africa, where the burden of AIDS is so significant. Stigma has become a major problem in the provision o f care for PLWA in Africa. A five-year multinational African study on perceived AIDS stigma was undertaken. The North West Province in South Africa formed part of this study. The first phase focused on exploring and describing the meaning and effect o f stigma for PLWA and nurses involved in their care. This article focuses on the data for the North West Province, South Africa. An exploratory descriptive qualitative research design was used. Through focus groups the critical incident method was applied to gain respondents’ emic and etic views. The study was conducted in the Potchefstroom district and the Kayakulu area. Purposive voluntary sampling was utilised. The open coding technique was used for data analysis. Three types of stigma (received, internal and associated stigma) and several dimensions for each type o f stigma were identified. Recommendations for interventions, a measuring scale and the formulation of a conceptual model were formulated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document