Karyotype evolution and new chromosomal data in Erodium: chromosome alteration, polyploidy, dysploidy, and symmetrical karyotypes

Chromosomal data and karyological relationships provide valuable information about karyotype evolution and speciation. For the genus Bunium, the chromosomal data are limited. In the present study, the chromosomal data of 10 taxa are provided, 6 of which are given for the first time, 2 present new chromosome numbers, and 2 agree with previous reports. Four different chromosome numbers (2n=18, 20, 22 and 40) were detected, and 2n=40 is a new number in the genus Bunium. B. brachyactis is the first polyploid species of the genus with a ploidy level of 4x. The most asymmetric karyotypes are those of B. pinnatifolium and B. sayae. Regarding karyological relationships, B. pinnatifolium forms a monophyletic group by quite different karyological features such as large chromosomes, more submedian chromosomes and the most asymmetric karyotypes. In addition, the other 5 taxa form a strong monophyletic group. B. verruculosum and B. ferulaceum are cytotaxonomically very close species, as are B. sayae and B. elegans var. elegans. The chromosome numbers of 2 Turkish species, B. nudum and B. sivasicum, remain unknown. The presented results provide important contributions to the cytotaxonomy of Bunium.

Download Full-text

Evolutionary Insights of the ZW Sex Chromosomes in Snakes: A New Chapter Added by the Amazonian Puffing Snakes of the Genus Spilotes

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes10040288 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 288 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Viana ◽

Ezaz ◽

de Bello Cioffi ◽

Jackson Almeida ◽

Feldberg

Keyword(s):

Sex Chromosomes ◽

Karyotype Evolution ◽

Repetitive Sequences ◽

Neotropical Region ◽

Comparative Genomic ◽

W Chromosome ◽

Molecular Cytogenetic ◽

Shared Ancestry ◽

Chromosomal Data ◽

First Time

Amazonian puffing snakes (Spilotes; Colubridae) are snakes widely distributed in the Neotropical region. However, chromosomal data are scarce in this group and, when available, are only limited to karyotype description using conventional staining. In this paper, we focused on the process of karyotype evolution and trends for sex chromosomes in two Amazonian Puffer Snakes (S. pulllatus and S. sulphureus). We performed an extensive karyotype characterization using conventional and molecular cytogenetic approaches. The karyotype of S. sulphureus (presented here for the first time) exhibits a 2n = 36, similar to that previously described in S. pullatus. Both species have highly differentiated ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes, where the W chromosome is highly heterochromatic in S. pullatus but euchromatic in S. sulphureus. Both W chromosomes are homologous between these species as revealed by cross-species comparative genomic hybridization, even with heterogeneous distributions of several repetitive sequences across their genomes, including on the Z and on the W chromosomes. Our study provides evidence that W chromosomes in these two species have shared ancestry.

Download Full-text

A cytogenetic comparison of some North American owl species

Genome ◽

10.1139/g91-110 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 714-717 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sheila M. Schmutz ◽

Jane S. Moker

Keyword(s):

North American ◽

Karyotype Evolution ◽

Considerable Similarity ◽

Burrowing Owl ◽

Separate Genus ◽

Chromosomal Data ◽

Common Genus

Karyotypes of three owl species previously not reported, the Burrowing Owl (Athene cunnicularia), the Hawk Owl (Surnia ulula), and the Western Screech Owl (Otus kennicotti), are presented. Comparison with other karyotypes in the literature suggests that the Burrowing Owl should be in a separate genus, as was previously the case. The Hawk Owl karyotype was found to bear considerable similarity to some Athene species, although we are not suggesting they should be placed in one genus. The karyotype of the Western Screech Owl appears to have diverged from the Otus species described previously, but these chromosomal data are not incompatible with these species sharing a common genus. A karyotype of the Long-eared Owl, which differs slightly from a previously published version, is presented. Relationships among the owls karyotyped to date are discussed on the basis of cladistic interpretations of these data.Key words: Strigiformes, phylogeny, karyotype, evolution, chromosome.

Download Full-text

Systematics and evolution of Lentibulariaceae: II. Genlisea

10.1093/oso/9780198779841.003.0007 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andreas Fleischmann

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Tree ◽

Evolutionary History ◽

Karyotype Evolution ◽

Distribution Map ◽

Genome And Karyotype Evolution

Systematics and evolution of Genlisea (corkscrew plants) (Lentibulariaceae) are treated. Vegetative and generative morphology of the plants, and anatomy of their rhizophylls (‘root-leaves’) that function as sophisticated eel traps are explained and illustrated. A simplified phylogenetic tree and a detailed distribution map are provided, and the evolutionary history, including genome and karyotype evolution, and phylobiogeography of the 30 currently known species of Genlisea are discussed.

Download Full-text

Chromosome Alteration in Crepis

The American Naturalist ◽

10.1086/280613 ◽

1935 ◽

Vol 69 (723) ◽

pp. 383-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Olive Swezy

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Alteration

Download Full-text

Interspecies Chromosome Mapping in Caprimulgiformes, Piciformes, Suliformes, and Trogoniformes (Aves): Cytogenomic Insight into Microchromosome Organization and Karyotype Evolution in Birds

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10040826 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 826

Author(s):

Rafael Kretschmer ◽

Marcelo Santos de Souza ◽

Ivanete de Oliveira Furo ◽

Michael N. Romanov ◽

Ricardo José Gunski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Convergent Evolution ◽

Karyotype Evolution ◽

Rare Events ◽

Rare Event ◽

Chromosome Mapping ◽

The Other ◽

Other Hand ◽

Interchromosomal Rearrangement ◽

Insight Into ◽

Phalacrocorax Brasilianus

Interchromosomal rearrangements involving microchromosomes are rare events in birds. To date, they have been found mostly in Psittaciformes, Falconiformes, and Cuculiformes, although only a few orders have been analyzed. Hence, cytogenomic studies focusing on microchromosomes in species belonging to different bird orders are essential to shed more light on the avian chromosome and karyotype evolution. Based on this, we performed a comparative chromosome mapping for chicken microchromosomes 10 to 28 using interspecies BAC-based FISH hybridization in five species, representing four Neoaves orders (Caprimulgiformes, Piciformes, Suliformes, and Trogoniformes). Our results suggest that the ancestral microchromosomal syntenies are conserved in Pteroglossus inscriptus (Piciformes), Ramphastos tucanus tucanus (Piciformes), and Trogon surrucura surrucura (Trogoniformes). On the other hand, chromosome reorganization in Phalacrocorax brasilianus (Suliformes) and Hydropsalis torquata (Caprimulgiformes) included fusions involving both macro- and microchromosomes. Fissions in macrochromosomes were observed in P. brasilianus and H. torquata. Relevant hypothetical Neognathae and Neoaves ancestral karyotypes were reconstructed to trace these rearrangements. We found no interchromosomal rearrangement involving microchromosomes to be shared between avian orders where rearrangements were detected. Our findings suggest that convergent evolution involving microchromosomal change is a rare event in birds and may be appropriate in cytotaxonomic inferences in orders where these rearrangements occurred.

Download Full-text

Robertsonian rearrangements in Neotropical Meliponini karyotype evolution (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)

Insect Molecular Biology ◽

10.1111/imb.12702 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

M. S. Cunha ◽

F. A. F. Soares ◽

W. R. Clarindo ◽

L. A. O. Campos ◽

D. M. Lopes

Keyword(s):

Karyotype Evolution ◽

Robertsonian Rearrangements

Download Full-text