AbstractThe effects of sublethal doses (LD10: 1.00 ng/larva; LD30: 3.75 ng/larva) of chlorfluazuron on the biochemical constituents of eggs of the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura (F.), are described. Chlorfluazuron was applied topically to fifth-instar larvae and the subsequent adults were allowed to mate according to larval treatment (LD10-treated female × LD10-treated male and LD30-treated female × LD30-treated male). Biochemical constituents of eggs resulting from these pairings were analyzed at various stages of embryonic development. Compared with controls, LD10 or LD30 reduced egg constituents as follows: protein (min.–max.) by 32.8%–34.5% or 62.0%–67.3%, lipid by 33%–34% or 62%–67%, carbohydrates by 30%–39% or 60%–67%, DNA by 33%–40% or 60%–69%, RNA by 31%–34% or 59%–67%, and ecdysteroid by 22%–83% or 28%–92%, respectively. The relative proportions of constituents in control eggs were as follows: protein > lipid > carbohydrate, and RNA > DNA. Three low and three high peaks in ecdysteroid titres were observed. Compared with controls, all peaks were reduced in LD10 or LD30 eggs as follows: low peaks: 1st (at 8 h): 32% or 66%; 2nd (at 16 h): 33% or 67%; 3rd (at 52 h): 35% or 65%; high peaks: 1st (at 32 h): 83% or 92%; 2nd (at 64 h): 65% or 82%; 3rd (at 84 h): 84 h, 36% or 63%, respectively. In addition, the first two high peaks were delayed by 4 h in LD10 eggs and by 8 h in LD30 eggs compared with controls. Sublethal doses of chlorfluazuron reduced the amounts of biochemical constituents of eggs during embryogenesis in S. litura.
Partially purified Glycine max proteinase inhibitors: potential bioactive compounds against tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
