Well-functioning financial markets can have a positive effect
on economic growth by facilitating savings and more efficient allocation
of capital. This paper characterises some of the recent theoretical
developments that analyse the relationship between financial
intermediation and economic growth and presents empirical estimates
based on a model of the linkage between financially intermediated
investment and growth for two separate groups of countries, developing
and advanced. Empirical estimates for both groups suggest that financial
intermediation through the efficiency of investment leads to a higher
rate of growth per capita. The relevant coefficient estimates show a
higher level of significance for the developing countries. This
financial liberalisation in the form of deregulation and establishment
and development of stock markets can be expected to lead to enhanced
economic growth.
The authors describe a software suite for determining tilt degrees of tower-type structures according to ground laser scanning indication. Defining the tilt of the pipe is carried out with a set of measured data through approximating the sections by circumferences. They are constructed using one of the simplest search engine optimization methods (evolutionary algorithm). Automatic filtering the scan of the current section from distorting data is performed by the method of assessing the quality of models constructed with that of least squares. The software was designed using Visual Basic for Applications. It contains several blocks (subprograms), with each of them performing a specific task. The developed complex enables obtaining operational data on the current state of the object with minimal user participation in the calculation process. The software suite is the result of practical implementing theoretical developments on the possibilities of using search methods at solving optimization problems in geodetic practice.
A new class of differential variational inequalities (DVIs), governed by a variational inequality and an evolution equation formulated in infinite-dimensional spaces, is investigated in this paper. More precisely, based on Browder’s result, optimal control theory, measurability of set-valued mappings and the theory of semigroups, we establish that the solution set of DVI is nonempty and compact. In addition, the theoretical developments are accompanied by an application to differential Nash games.
Fluctuations in the microwave background will have been imprinted at z ≃ 1000, when the photons and the plasma decoupled. On angular scales greater than a few degrees these fluctuations provide a clear view of any primordial density perturbations, and therefore a clean test of theories which invoke such fluctuations from which to form the structure we see in the universe. On smaller angular scales the predictions are less certain: reionization of the gas may modify the spectrum of the primordial fluctuations, and secondary fluctuations may be generated.Here I shall review some recent theoretical developments. A brief survey is made of the currently popular theories for the primordial perturbations, with emphasis on the predictions for large scale anisotropy. One major uncetainty in the predictions arises from the normalisation of the fluctuations to e.g. galaxy clustering, and much attention is given to the question of ‘biased’ galaxy formation. The effect of reionization on the primordial fluctuations is discussed, as is the anisotropy generated from scattering off hot gas in clusters, groups and galaxies.
Recently, theoretical developments have led to the QCD evolution equations for the unpolarized Transverse Momentum Dependent (TMD) distribution functions and for the Sivers function (TMD-evolution). We tested whether the proposed TMD-evolution can already be observed in the SIDIS data on the Sivers asymmetry. Although very preliminary, our analysis shows that data are compatible with such an evolution with a clear indication of evolution in the x-dependent data subsets.
On a Class of Differential Variational Inequalities in Infinite-Dimensional Spaces
