Influence of malformation of right coronary artery originating from the left sinus on the hemodynamic environment

Abstract Background: The Anomalous origin of the Right Coronary Artery (RCA) from the Left Coronary artery sinus(AORL) is one of the abnormal origins of the coronary arteries. Most of these issues seldom have effects on human health, but some individuals may have symptoms such as myocardial ischaemia or even sudden death. Recently, researchers are studying AORL through clinical cases, but study based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is rarely seen. In this study, haemodynamic changes between normal origin of the RCA and AORL are compared according to numerical simulation results.Methods: Realistic three-dimensional models of 16 normal right coronary arteries and 26 abnormal origins of the right coronary arteries were reconstructed, respectively. The blood flow was numerically simulated using software ANSYS. This study involves one-way fluid-solid coupling finite element model in which the blood is assumed to be incompressible Newtonian fluid, and the vessel is assumed to be isotropic, linear elastic material.Results: The differences of the cross-sectional area at the inlet between the normal group and the abnormal group was significant ( P <0.0001). There were significant differences in the volumetric flow ( P <0.0001) and the pressure ( P =0.0001). There were positive correlations with the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the RCA to the inlet area of the ascending aorta (AAO) and the ratio of the inlet volumetric flow of the RCA to the volumetric flow of the AAO, in both the normal ( P =0.0001, r=0.8198) and abnormal ( P =0.0199, r=0.4925) group.Conclusion: This study shows that the cross-sectional area of the inlet of AORL may cause ischaemia symptoms, and the results may contribute to the further understanding of the clinical symptoms of AORL based on the haemodynamics.

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Influence of malformation of right coronary artery originating from the left sinus on the hemodynamic environment

10.21203/rs.2.22271/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

mengyang cong ◽

Xingming Xu ◽

Jianfeng Qiu ◽

Shun Dai ◽

Chuanzhi Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery ◽

Coronary Arteries ◽

Right Coronary Artery ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Element Model ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Cross ◽

The Right

Abstract Background: The Anomalous origin of the Right Coronary Artery (RCA) from the Left Coronary artery sinus(AORL) is one of the abnormal origins of the coronary arteries. Most of these issues seldom have effects on human health, but some individuals may have symptoms such as myocardial ischaemia or even sudden death. Recently, researchers are studying AORL through clinical cases, but study based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is rarely seen. In this study, haemodynamic changes between normal origin of the RCA and AORL are compared according to numerical simulation results.Methods: Realistic three-dimensional models of 16 normal right coronary arteries and 26 abnormal origins of the right coronary arteries were reconstructed, respectively. The blood flow was numerically simulated using software ANSYS. This study involves one-way fluid-solid coupling finite element model in which the blood is assumed to be incompressible Newtonian fluid, and the vessel is assumed to be isotropic, linear elastic material. Results: The differences of the cross-sectional area at the inlet between the normal group and the abnormal group was significant (P<0.0001). There were significant differences in the volumetric flow (P=0.0001) and pressure (P=0.0002). There were positive correlations with the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the RCA to the inlet area of the ascending aorta (AAO) and the ratio of the inlet volumetric flow of the RCA to the volumetric flow of the AAO, in both the normal (P=0.0001, r=0.8178) and abnormal (P=0.0033, r=0.6107) group.Conclusion: This study shows that the cross-sectional area of the inlet of AORL may cause ischaemia symptoms, and the results may contribute to the further understanding of the clinical symptoms of AORL based on the haemodynamics.

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Effects of combined the trendelenburg and passive leg raising positions on the cross-sectional area of the right internal jugular vein

Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice ◽

10.4103/njcp.njcp_60_20 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 892

Author(s):

B Arslan ◽

A Idem ◽

A Arslan

Keyword(s):

Internal Jugular Vein ◽

Jugular Vein ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Passive Leg Raising ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Cross ◽

The Right

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Postoperative Outcome of Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis after Fenestration: Correlation with Changes in Intradural and Extradural Tube on Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery ◽

10.1177/230949900201000206 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 136-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

K Yamazaki ◽

S Yosida ◽

T Ito ◽

T Toba ◽

S Kato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Cauda Equina ◽

Clinical Results ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Cross

Purpose. To evaluate the serial changes in clinical results and the intradural and extradural spaces on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after bilateral fenestration in 48 patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS). Methods. A prospective interventional study was performed to study the clinical results, magnetic resonance imaging scans among patients who were followed up for more than 3 years. Results. All patients showed improvement in clinical symptoms after operation, but clinical results deteriorated in 9 (19%) patients. Postoperative MRI scans showed that poor dural tube expansion, grouping of the cauda equina, and decrease in the cross-sectional area of the dural tube were factors associated with poor outcomes. The cross-sectional area of the dural tube and images of the cauda equina observed by MRI, before and after fenestration and during follow-up, reflected changes in clinical symptoms involving decompressed segments. Conclusion. Serial changes in the cross-sectional area of the dural tube and images of the cauda equina observed preoperatively, postoperatively, and on follow-up by MRI may be useful when evaluating patients' condition before and after operation. It is also useful for predicting outcomes.

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Cross-sectional area and volume compliance of porcine left coronary arteries

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.2001.281.2.h623 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 281 (2) ◽

pp. H623-H628 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

G. S. Kassab ◽

S. Molloi

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery ◽

Coronary Arteries ◽

Pressure Range ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Arterial Tree ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pig Coronary Arteries ◽

Cyclic Changes ◽

Area And Volume

We have determined the cross-sectional area (CSA) compliance of the first several generations of pig coronary arteries and the volume compliance of the coronary arterial tree (vessels >0.5 mm in diameter) using a videodensitometric technique. The coronary arteries of four KCl-arrested maximally vasodilated pig hearts were perfused with iodine and 3% Cab-O-Sil. Because Cab-O-Sil occludes small arteries, the flow can be stopped and the pressure can be maintained while the trunk of the coronary artery and its subbranches are imaged using digital angiography. The coronary arteries were preconditioned several times with cyclic changes in pressure from 0 to 160 mmHg. The pressure was then varied in a triangular pattern, and the absolute CSA of each vessel and the total arterial volume were calculated using videodensitometry in conjunction with digital subtraction angiography. Our results have shown that the pressure-diameter and pressure-volume relationships are linear in the 60–140 mmHg pressure range. Furthermore, the compliance of the coronary arteries is small; i.e., the diameter of the coronary artery changes by <15% in the 80-mmHg pressure range. The compliance data couples the mechanics of the blood vessel wall to the mechanics of blood flow to yield a pressure-flow relationship for each coronary arterial segment.

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Is Abnormal Electrodiagnostic Finding Related to the Cross-Sectional Area of the Nerve Root in Cervical Radiculopathy?

Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine ◽

10.5535/arm.20172 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 116-122

Author(s):

JuHyong Jeoung ◽

Hyuk Sung Choi ◽

Sang Rok Woo ◽

Seok Kang ◽

Joon Shik Yoon

Keyword(s):

Nerve Root ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Cervical Radiculopathy ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Mri Findings ◽

Cervical Nerve ◽

Unaffected Side ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Cross

Objective To assess the relevance of electrodiagnosis (EDX) in the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the nerve root of patients with cervical radiculopathy (CR) by using high-resolution ultrasonography (HRUS).Methods The CSAs of the cervical nerve roots at C5, C6, and C7 were measured bilaterally using HRUS in 29 patients with unilateral CR whose clinical symptoms, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and EDXresults corresponded with each other (CR-A group), and in 26 patients with unilateral CR whose clinical symptoms and MRI findings matched with each other but did not correspond with the EDX findings (CR-B group). Results The CSA of the affected side in each nerve root was significantly larger than that of the unaffected side in both the CR-A and CR-B groups. The side-to-side difference in the bilateral CSAs of the nerve root and the ratio of the CSAs between the unaffected and affected sides were statistically larger in the CR-A group than in the CR-B group.Conclusion The increased CSAs in the CR-A group reflect the physiological changes of the cervical nerve root, which is supported by the EDX findings.

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The cross-sectional area of the vagus nerve is not reduced in Parkinson’s Disease patients

10.1101/2020.10.19.20214973 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Laura C.J. Sijben ◽

Werner H. Mess ◽

Uwe Walter ◽

A. Miranda L. Janssen ◽

Mark Kuijf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Vagus Nerve ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

List Type ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Autonomic Symptoms ◽

The Cross ◽

The Right

AbstractObjectiveRecent studies have revealed the importance of the gut brain axis in the development of Parkinson’s disease (PD). It has also been suggested that the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the vagus nerve can be used in the diagnosis of PD. Here, we hypothesize that the CSA of the vagus nerve is decreased in PD patients compared to control subjects.MethodsIn this study we measured the CSA of the vagus nerve on both sides in 31 patients with PD and 51 healthy controls at the level of the common carotid artery using high-resolution ultrasound.ResultsThe CSA of the vagus nerve was not reduced in PD patients compared to controls (p = 0.391. The mean CSA of the left vagus nerve was significantly smaller than the right (p < 0.001). There was no significant correlation between age, gender and autonomic symptoms with the CSA of the left (p = 0.128) and right vagus nerve (p = 0.166).ConclusionThese findings show that the CSA of the vagus nerve using ultrasonography is not a reliable diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of PD.HighlightsThe cross-sectional area of the vagus nerve is not decreased in Parkinson disease patients.The cross-sectional area of the vagus nerve does not correlate with autonomic symptoms.Measurement of the vagus nerve cross-sectional area has a high inter-observer correlation.

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Effects of incrementally increasing tidal volume on the cross-sectional area of the right internal jugular vein

Korean Journal of Anesthesiology ◽

10.4097/kjae.2013.65.4.312 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 312 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Youn Yi Jo ◽

Hong Soon Kim ◽

Mi Geum Lee ◽

Dong Young Kim ◽

Hae Keum Kil

Keyword(s):

Tidal Volume ◽

Internal Jugular Vein ◽

Jugular Vein ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Cross ◽

The Right

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Effect of shoulder positioning on ultrasonic visualisation of the subclavian vein in healthy adults: A prospective observational study

Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine ◽

10.1177/10249079211000969 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 102490792110009

Author(s):

Hei Jim Leung ◽

Lok Yu Wong ◽

Chi Shing Pak ◽

Yang Li Chuan Marc

Keyword(s):

Observational Study ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Subclavian Vein ◽

Prospective Observational Study ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Cross ◽

The Right

Introduction: Ultrasound guidance is commonly used during central venous cannulation. Subclavian vein is a commonly chosen site, but previous studies found varying results in the ideal positioning of the shoulder for subclavian vein cannulation. The objective of this study is to determine which shoulder position results in the greatest cross-sectional area of the right subclavian vein for cannulation. Methods: In this prospective observational study, ultrasound was performed on healthy adult volunteers to visualise the right subclavian vein in three different shoulder positions: neutral, abduction and retraction. A blinded independent investigator measured the cross-sectional areas by computer software using planimetry method. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: Forty-four adults participated in the study. The mean cross-sectional area of the right subclavian vein in shoulder neutral, abduction and retraction positions were 1.05 ± 0.33 cm2, 1.01 ± 0.31 cm2 and 0.82 ± 0.28 cm2, respectively. When compared to shoulder retraction, the cross-sectional areas were significantly increased in shoulder neutral ( P < 0.01) and abduction ( P < 0.01) positions. There was no significant difference between shoulder neutral and abduction position ( P = 0.71). Conclusion: Positioning the shoulder in neutral or abduction results in the greatest cross-sectional area of the right subclavian vein and may be more ideal for ultrasound guided cannulation.

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Treatment success after rhinosurgery: an evaluation of subjective and objective parameters

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology ◽

10.1007/s00405-021-06787-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

M. M. Martin ◽

K. Hauck ◽

A. von Witzleben ◽

J. Lindemann ◽

M. O. Scheithauer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Patient Satisfaction ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Treatment Success ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Nasal Breathing ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Feedback Questionnaire ◽

The Right ◽

Disease Specific

Abstract Purpose Septal deviation and nose deformities are widely prevalent. As a consequence, patients may complain about difficulties in nasal breathing leading to a perception of diminished disease-specific quality of life. In a prospective randomized trial, we aimed to analyse the outcome of septoplasty (SPL) and septorhinoplasty (SRP) on patient satisfaction. Methods Patients with functional indication for SPL (n = 19) or SRP (n = 54) were included and randomized for additional turbinoplasty. Preoperative clinical symptoms were collected with SNOT-20 GAV (Sinu-nasal outcome test-20—German adapted version) and NOSE© (nasal obstruction symptom evaluation) questionnaires. The final evaluation of treatment success was performed 9 months after surgery with SNOT-20 GAV, NOSE© and a self-established feedback questionnaire. Nasal breathing and obstruction were objectively measured with rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry [minimum cross-sectional area 2 (MCA2)]. Results Minimum cross-sectional area 2 was statistically improved compared to the pre-treatment value in SPL (p = 0.0004) and SRP (p = 0.0001). Regarding MCA2 values of matched patient groups, similar findings were detected (SPL: p = 0.0013, SRP: p < 0.0001). Sinu-nasal outcome test-20 GAV and NOSE© scores were significantly reduced after both surgical procedures (NOSE©: SPL: p < 0.0001, SRP: p < 0.0001; SNOT-20 GAV: SPL: p = 0.0068, SRP: p < 0.0001). Evaluation of patient satisfaction in a self-established feedback questionnaire revealed a motivation of 81% of patients to redo the surgery (SPL 13/16, SRP 34/42) and a notably general satisfaction of 86% for SPL and 80% for SRP. Conclusion Rhinosurgery leads to quantitative better nasal breathing and increased disease-specific satisfaction. However, this study implies the importance of the right selection of patients and the correct indication of the surgical technique.

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