scholarly journals The cross-sectional area of the superficial digital flexor tendon of trained and untrained Thoroughbred racehorses

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1786-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Guiomar Matos Santiago Reis ◽  
Raquel Yvonne Arantes Baccarin
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Carpal Bone ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Thoroughbred Racehorses ◽  
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cross ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Right

Twenty Thoroughbred racehorses were ultrasonographically evaluated to determine the relation between normal values of the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the right and left forelimbs superficial digital flexor tendons (SDFT) in the metacarpal region for trained and untrained Thoroughbreds racehorses. Ultrasonography revealed that CSA at 26cm distal to the accessory carpal bone is larger than other proximal levels, for either left or right forelimbs. In addition, the CSA at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14cm distal to the accessory carpal bone of the left forelimb are larger (P<0.05) for trained horses when compared with untrained horses. On the other hand, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) between left and right forelimb for CSA of the SDFT, at any level, for either trained or untrained horses, and there was no significant difference between untrained or trained horses for the CSA of right forelimb. In conclusion, the CSA of the left forelimb SDFT for horses that had been in continuous race training remains larger when they were trained anticlockwise, contrary to horses that had not been training for more than one year.

scholarly journals Effect of shoulder positioning on ultrasonic visualisation of the subclavian vein in healthy adults: A prospective observational study

2021 ◽  
pp. 102490792110009
Author(s):  
Hei Jim Leung ◽  
Lok Yu Wong ◽  
Chi Shing Pak ◽  
Yang Li Chuan Marc
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Subclavian Vein ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Right

Introduction: Ultrasound guidance is commonly used during central venous cannulation. Subclavian vein is a commonly chosen site, but previous studies found varying results in the ideal positioning of the shoulder for subclavian vein cannulation. The objective of this study is to determine which shoulder position results in the greatest cross-sectional area of the right subclavian vein for cannulation. Methods: In this prospective observational study, ultrasound was performed on healthy adult volunteers to visualise the right subclavian vein in three different shoulder positions: neutral, abduction and retraction. A blinded independent investigator measured the cross-sectional areas by computer software using planimetry method. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: Forty-four adults participated in the study. The mean cross-sectional area of the right subclavian vein in shoulder neutral, abduction and retraction positions were 1.05 ± 0.33 cm2, 1.01 ± 0.31 cm2 and 0.82 ± 0.28 cm2, respectively. When compared to shoulder retraction, the cross-sectional areas were significantly increased in shoulder neutral ( P < 0.01) and abduction ( P < 0.01) positions. There was no significant difference between shoulder neutral and abduction position ( P = 0.71). Conclusion: Positioning the shoulder in neutral or abduction results in the greatest cross-sectional area of the right subclavian vein and may be more ideal for ultrasound guided cannulation.

scholarly journals Influence of malformation of right coronary artery originating from the left sinus on the hemodynamic environment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyang Cong ◽  
Xingming Xu ◽  
Jianfeng Qiu ◽  
Shun Dai ◽  
Chuanzhi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Right Coronary Artery ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background: The Anomalous origin of the Right Coronary Artery (RCA) from the Left Coronary artery sinus(AORL) is one of the abnormal origins of the coronary arteries. Most of these issues seldom have effects on human health, but some individuals may have symptoms such as myocardial ischaemia or even sudden death. Recently, researchers are studying AORL through clinical cases, but study based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is rarely seen. In this study, haemodynamic changes between normal origin of the RCA and AORL are compared according to numerical simulation results.Methods: Realistic three-dimensional models of 16 normal right coronary arteries and 26 abnormal origins of the right coronary arteries were reconstructed, respectively. The blood flow was numerically simulated using software ANSYS. This study involves one-way fluid-solid coupling finite element model in which the blood is assumed to be incompressible Newtonian fluid, and the vessel is assumed to be isotropic, linear elastic material.Results: The differences of the cross-sectional area at the inlet between the normal group and the abnormal group was significant ( P <0.0001). There were significant differences in the volumetric flow ( P <0.0001) and the pressure ( P =0.0001). There were positive correlations with the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the RCA to the inlet area of the ascending aorta (AAO) and the ratio of the inlet volumetric flow of the RCA to the volumetric flow of the AAO, in both the normal ( P =0.0001, r=0.8198) and abnormal ( P =0.0199, r=0.4925) group.Conclusion: This study shows that the cross-sectional area of the inlet of AORL may cause ischaemia symptoms, and the results may contribute to the further understanding of the clinical symptoms of AORL based on the haemodynamics.

Multifidus Muscle Size and Symmetry in Ballroom Dancers with and without Low Back Pain

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (08) ◽  
pp. 630-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa Smyers Evanson ◽  
Joseph Myrer ◽  
Dennis Eggett ◽  
Ulrike Mitchell ◽  
A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Multifidus Muscle ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right

AbstractThe incidence of low back pain (LBP) among elite ballroom dancers is high and understanding associations between muscle morphology and pain may provide insight into treatment or training options. Research has linked multifidus muscle atrophy to LBP in the general and some athletic populations; however, this has not been examined in ballroom dancers. We compared the lumbar multifidus cross-sectional area (CSA) at rest in 57 elite level ballroom dancers (age 23±2.4 years; height, 174±11 cm; mass, 64±10 kg) divided into one of three pain groups, according to their self-reported symptoms, 1) LBP group (n=19), 2) minimal LBP (n=17), and 3) no LBP (n=21). There were no significant difference in demographics between the groups (P>0.05). The LBP group demonstrated significant differences in reported pain and Oswestry Disability Index scores compared to the other two groups. There was no significant difference between groups in multifidus cross-sectional area (P=0.49). Asymmetry was found in all groups with the overall left side being significantly larger than the right (P<0.002). Pain associated with segmental decrease in multifidus CSA was not observed in ballroom dancers with LBP, suggesting other reasons for persistent LBP in ballroom dancers.

scholarly journals The cross-sectional area of the vagus nerve is not reduced in Parkinson’s Disease patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura C.J. Sijben ◽  
Werner H. Mess ◽  
Uwe Walter ◽  
A. Miranda L. Janssen ◽  
Mark Kuijf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
List Type ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Autonomic Symptoms ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Right

AbstractObjectiveRecent studies have revealed the importance of the gut brain axis in the development of Parkinson’s disease (PD). It has also been suggested that the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the vagus nerve can be used in the diagnosis of PD. Here, we hypothesize that the CSA of the vagus nerve is decreased in PD patients compared to control subjects.MethodsIn this study we measured the CSA of the vagus nerve on both sides in 31 patients with PD and 51 healthy controls at the level of the common carotid artery using high-resolution ultrasound.ResultsThe CSA of the vagus nerve was not reduced in PD patients compared to controls (p = 0.391. The mean CSA of the left vagus nerve was significantly smaller than the right (p < 0.001). There was no significant correlation between age, gender and autonomic symptoms with the CSA of the left (p = 0.128) and right vagus nerve (p = 0.166).ConclusionThese findings show that the CSA of the vagus nerve using ultrasonography is not a reliable diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of PD.HighlightsThe cross-sectional area of the vagus nerve is not decreased in Parkinson disease patients.The cross-sectional area of the vagus nerve does not correlate with autonomic symptoms.Measurement of the vagus nerve cross-sectional area has a high inter-observer correlation.

Cross sectional area of forelimb metacarpal region flexor tendons in horses of different breeds and age

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-198
Author(s):  
A. Lindner ◽  
A. Köster
Keyword(s):  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Metacarpophalangeal Joint ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Carpal Bone ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flexor Tendons ◽  
Distal Border ◽  
The Right

There are few studies on the effects of age within breeds on cross sectional area (CSA) of flexor tendons in horses. This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between age and the CSA of the superficial flexor tendon (SDFT), the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) and its accessory ligament (AL-DDFT) of both forelimbs in horses utilising ultrasound. Ages of the horses ranged from 2 years to aged, and the breeds evaluated were Thoroughbred (TB), Standardbred (SB), Quarterhorse (QH) and German Warmblood Riding horse (WB). CSAs were measured with ultrasound at 4 cm intervals, starting 4 cm from the distal border of the accessory carpal bone down to the metacarpophalangeal joint. The CSA of the SDFT in 3-year-old and older TB, QH and WBs was smaller than in the 2-year-olds (all P<0.001) and did not differ between 3-year-olds and older horses (P≯0.05). In comparison, the CSA of the SDFT in 2-year-old and 3-year-old SBs was smaller than in the horses older than 3 years (P<0.05 among age groups). The 2-year-olds had larger CSA of the DDFTs than the 3-year-olds (P<0.01), and the CSA was also larger in the older horses of all breeds (P<0.01). However, the 3-year-old QH and SBs had smaller CSAs of the DDFT than the horses older than 3 years of age, (P<0.001), but interestingly the CSA was not different in the TB and WBs based on age (P≯0.05). The CSA of the AL-DDFT in the left forelimb was smaller than in the right forelimb (P<0.01) of all horses. The results of this study show that differential effects exist between age and within breeds on the CSA of the SDFT, DDFT and AL-DDFT, indicating that training and management may play a role, in addition to genetics, in the CSA of the metacarpal region flexor tendons of horses. The data on the CSAs of the SDFT, DDFT and AL-DDFT in WB, QH and SBs provides additional physiological references for these breeds to compliment the CSA data previously published for other breeds.

scholarly journals Effects of exercise on cervical muscle strength and cross-sectional area in patients with thoracic hyperkyphosis and chronic cervical pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunghun Moon ◽  
Sung-Ki Lee ◽  
Won-Moon Kim ◽  
Yong-Gon Seo
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cervical Muscle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cobb’S Angle ◽  
Thoracic Hyperkyphosis ◽  
The Cross

AbstractThere is a lack of studies comparing the effects of different exercise types in patients with thoracic hyperkyphosis. Twenty-four subjects were divided into three groups: corrective exercise, resistance exercise, and physical therapy. The groups performed their respective interventions, two times per week for three months. Clinical outcomes, including the value of Cobb’s angle, cervical muscle strength and endurance, and the cross-sectional area of the cervical deep muscles were measured pre- and post-intervention. There was a significant difference in the changes in the thoracic Cobb’s angle between the groups (P < 0.001). The corrective exercise group revealed a significantly superior increase in muscle strength and endurance between pre- and post-intervention (P < 0.012). There was a significant difference in the cross-sectional area of the cervical deep muscles included longus capitis and multifidus between the groups (P < 0.036 and 0.007, respectively). The corrective exercise group showed the most significant increase in cross-sectional area between pre- and post-intervention (P < 0.012). A corrective exercise program is a more effective intervention than traditional resistance exercise and physical therapy for improving the thoracic Cobb’s angle, cervical muscle strength and endurance, and the cross-sectional area of the deep muscles in patients with thoracic hyperkyphosis.Trial registration: KCT0005292.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Exercise Types on the Cross-Sectional Area and Lumbar Lordosis Angle in Patients with Flat Back Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10923
Author(s):  
Won-Moon Kim ◽  
Yong-Gon Seo ◽  
Yun-Jin Park ◽  
Han-Su Cho ◽  
Chang-Hee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Lumbar Lordosis ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Exercise Programs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Flat Back

Flat back syndrome (FBS) is a sagittal imbalance wherein the normal spinal curvature is reduced. This study aimed to compare the effects of different exercise programs on the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the lumbar muscles, lumbar lordosis angle (LLA), lumbar disability, and flexibility in patients with FBS. Thirty-six females with flexible FBS were randomly allocated to the corrective exercise group (CEG, n = 12), resistance exercise group (REG, n = 12), and physical therapy group (PTG, n = 12). CEG and REG patients participated in a 12-week exercise intervention for 60 min three times per week. The CSA, LLA, Oswestry disability index (ODI), and sit-and-reach test were measured before and after intervention. CSA showed a significant difference between groups (p < 0.01), with CEG and REG demonstrating a significant increase (p < 0.05 and p < 0.05, respectively). LLA showed a significant difference between groups (p < 0.001); CEG showed a higher increase than did REG (p < 0.01) and PTG (p < 0.001). ODI also showed a significant difference between groups (p < 0.001), being lower in CEG than in REG (p < 0.001) and PTG (p < 0.001). Lumbar flexibility significantly improved in all groups, albeit with a significant difference (p < 0.001). Although corrective and resistance exercise programs effectively improve these parameters, corrective exercise is superior to other interventions for patients with FBS.

scholarly journals Sexual dimorphism of foramen magnum: a NCCT based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Haseeb Abdul Wani ◽  
Imza Feroz ◽  
Saleem Mohammad Dar ◽  
Arshed Hussain Parry ◽  
Tariq Ahmad Gojwari
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Gender Identification ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cross

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Radiological determination of gender relies predominantly on the skeletal radiology and assumes importance in mass natural disasters, bomb explosions, exhumations and warfare where skeletal fragmentation is common. Varied literature is present regarding the role of foramen magnum in establishing gender identification.<strong> </strong>The objective of the study was<strong> </strong>to establish normative values of cross-sectional area of foramen magnum in both genders using NCCT and try to ascertain any significant difference in cross-sectional area in the two genders which may help in gender identification.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> NCCT head images of 378 subjects were analysed in individuals beyond the age of skeletal immaturity. Free ROI technique using electronic calliper tool was used. The cross-sectional area of foramen magnum was automatically obtained after tracing its whole inner circumference.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Mean cross-sectional area of foramen magnum in females was 806.79±106.58 mm<sup>2 </sup>and was 878.33±98.42 mm<sup>2</sup> in males. Although the cross-sectional area in males was greater than females no statistically significant difference was found. The correlation coefficient was found to be weaker (R=0.0413).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>No statistically significant difference was found between the two genders. The correlation coefficient was also weak to draw any inference about the gender of the skull on CT imaging. Further studies are needed to include other parameters like the sagittal and transverse diameters of foramen magnum in a larger sample to show importance of foramen magnum, if any, in helping gender identification of skeletal remains.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>

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