Presence and Abundance of Different Insect Predators Against Sucking Insect Pest of Cotton

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.S. Solangi ◽  
G.M. Mahar . ◽  
F.C. Oad .
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Insect Predators

scholarly journals PENGARUH VARIETAS DAN POLA TANAM KAPAS TERHADAP KELIMPAHAN POPULASI PREDATOR HAMA PENGISAP DAUN Amrasca biguttula (ISHIDA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
IGAA. INDRAYANI ◽  
NURINDAH NURINDAH ◽  
SUJAK SUJAK
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Cotton Variety ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Insect Predator ◽  
Insect Predators

ABSTRAK<br />Penanaman varietas tahan hama adalah salah satu cara pengendalian<br />serangga hama pengisap daun, A. biguttula, yang telah diadopsi petani<br />kapas di Indonesia. Penggunaan varietas tahan hama cukup efektif<br />menekan serangan hama pengisap ini. Namun demikian, peluang adanya<br />cara pengendalian alternatif patut dipertimbangkan, misalnya memanfaat-<br />kan faktor mortalitas biotik A. biguttula, seperti musuh alami. Penelitian<br />pengaruh varietas dan pola tanam kapas terhadap perkembangan populasi<br />predator hama pengisap daun A. biguttula telah dilakukan di Kebun<br />Percobaan Asembagus, Situbondo, dan di laboratorium Entomologi Balai<br />Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat di Malang, mulai Januari sampai<br />Desember 2005. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh<br />perbedaan varietas dan pola tanam kapas terhadap perkembangan predator<br />A. biguttula. Perlakuan terdiri atas dua faktor, yaitu faktor I adalah varietas<br />kapas dengan tingkat ketahanan terhadap A. biguttula berbeda-beda, yaitu:<br />(1) TAMCOT SP37 (peka), (2) Kanesia 7 (moderat), dan (3) LRA 5166<br />(tahan). Faktor II adalah pola tanam kapas, yaitu: (1) monokultur, dan (2)<br />tumpangsari dengan kedelai. Setiap perlakuan disusun secara faktorial<br />dengan rancangan petak terbagi (Split Plot) dengan tiga kali ulangan.<br />Parameter pengamatannya adalah populasi nimfa A. biguttula dan<br />predator. Di laboratorium dilakukan uji pemangsaan terhadap predator<br />terpilih dengan cara memberi umpan nimfa A. biguttula untuk mengetahui<br />kemampuannya memangsa per hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa<br />perbedaan tingkat ketahanan varietas terhadap A. biguttula mempengaruhi<br />perkembangan populasi kompleks predator. Lebih banyak predator<br />ditemukan pada TAMCOT SP37 dan Kanesia 7 dibanding pada LRA<br />5166. Sedangkan perbedaan pola tanam tidak menyebabkan perbedaan<br />populasi predator. Kapas monokultur maupun tumpangsari dapat<br />menyediakan lingkungan ideal bagi perkembangan kompleks predator.<br />Laba-laba dan Paederus sp. adalah predator yang populasinya lebih<br />dominan  dibanding  predator lainnya.  Pada uji  pemangsaan di<br />laboratorium, Paederus sp. mampu memangsa 15-25 nimfa A. biguttula<br />instar kecil dan 10-20 instar besar, sedangkan laba-laba per hari<br />memangsa 2-12 nimfa A. biguttula instar kecil dan besar.<br />Kata kunci: Kapas, Gossypium hirsutum, hama, Amrasca biguttula,<br />Paederus sp., nimfa, mortalitas biotik, varietas, pola tanam,<br />Jawa Timur<br />ABSTRACT<br />Effect of variety and cropping pattern of cotton on<br />population density of insect predator Amrasca biguttula<br />(Ishida)<br />Planting resistant variety of cotton is one of cultural method for<br />controlling sucking insect pest, A. biguttula. This method has widely been<br />applied by cotton farmers in Indonesia. Nevertheless, alternative control<br />should also be found to obtain better control of this pest, e.g. biological<br />control by using parasitoids and predators. Study on effect of variety and<br />cropping pattern of cotton to population density of insect predator of A.<br />biguttula was carried out at Asembagus Experimental Station and in<br />Entomology Laboratory of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops Institute<br />in Malang from January to December 2005. The objective of study was to<br />study the effect of variety and cropping pattern of cotton to population<br />density of insect predators. Treatment consists of two factors. The first<br />factor was cotton variety based on resistance to A. biguttula, viz.<br />TAMCOT SP37, Kanesia 7, and LRA 5166 known susceptible,<br />intermediate, and resistant to A. biguttula, respectively. The second factor<br />was cropping system with monoculture and intercropping with soybean.<br />Each treatments was arranged in Split Plot Design with three replications.<br />Parameter observed in field study were population of A. biguttula and its<br />predators. While, the laboratory study was to find out the daily prey<br />ability of selected predator by baiting nymph of A. biguttula.<br />The result showed that difference resistance of cotton variety<br />influenced the population density of insect predator. More insect predators<br />were found on TAMCOT SP37 and Kanesia 7 compared to LRA 5166,<br />while the density of insect predator was not affected by different cropping<br />pattern and it was due to the patterns provided better environment for<br />insect predator development. Spider and Paederus sp. were the dominant<br />insect predators found in the field because their population higher than<br />those other predators. Laboratory study showed that Paederus sp. preyed<br />15-25 younger and 10-20 older instar of nymph per day, while spider ate<br />2-12 nymphs of both age of A. biguttula per day.<br />Key words: Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, pest, Amrasca biguttula,<br />Paederus sp., nymph, biotic mortality, variety, cropping<br />pattern, East Java

THE SUCCESS OF THE LUCERNE MESSAGE IN MARLBOROUGH

1981 ◽  
pp. 179-183
Author(s):  
A.J. Cresswell
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Insect Pest Control ◽  
One Year ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
New Cultivars

This paper, as well as being a testimonial to the benefit the writer has received from the Grassland Association, shows how the knowledge of scientists has been used to increase lucerne seed yields by methods of growing resistant cultivars especially for seed production as opposed to growing for hay, silage or grazing. It shows how new cultivars can be multiplied quickly by growing two crops in one year, one in each hemisphere, by using low seeding rates, wide plant spacing and very good weed control. Increased flowering of the crop has been achieved by the use of boron and the choice of time of closing; better pollination has been achieved by the use of more efficient bees - two varieties of which have been imported from North America. Weed and insect pest control and the use of a desiccant at harvest are contributing to a four-fold increase in seed yield, which should double again soon,

Insect Pest Management in Stored Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somiahnadar Rajendran
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Stored Products ◽  
Insect Pest Management ◽  
Insect Infestation ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Food Commodities

Insects are a common problem in stored produce. The author describes the extent of the problem and approaches to countering it. Stored products of agricultural and animal origin, whether edible or non-edible, are favourite food for insect pests. Durable agricultural produce comprising dry raw and processed commodities and perishables (fresh produce) are vulnerable to insect pests at various stages from production till end-use. Similarly, different animal products and museum objects are infested mainly by dermestids. Insect pests proliferate due to favourable storage conditions, temperature and humidity and availability of food in abundance. In addition to their presence in food commodities, insects occur in storages (warehouses, silos) and processing facilities (flour mills, feed mills). Insect infestation is also a serious issue in processed products and packed commodities. The extent of loss in stored products due to insects varies between countries depending on favourable climatic conditions, and pest control measures adopted. In stored food commodities, insect infestation causes loss in quantity, changes in nutritional quality, altered chemical composition, off-odours, changes in end-use products, dissemination of toxigenic microorganisms and associated health implications. The insects contribute to contaminants such as silk threads, body fragments, hastisetae, excreta and chemical secretions. Insect activity in stored products increases the moisture content favouring the growth of moulds that produce mycotoxins (e.g., aflatoxin in stored peanuts). Hide beetle, Dermestes maculatus infesting silkworm cocoons has been reported to act as a carrier of microsporidian parasite Nosema bombycis that causes pebrine disease in silkworms. In dried fish, insect infestation leads to higher bacterial count and uric acid levels. Insects cause damage in hides and skins affecting their subsequent use for making leather products. The trend in stored product insect pest management is skewing in favour of pest prevention, monitoring, housekeeping and finally control. Hermetic storage system can be supplemented with CO2 or phosphine application to achieve quicker results. Pest detection and monitoring has gained significance as an important tool in insect pest management. Pheromone traps originally intended for detection of infestations have been advanced as a mating disruption device ensuing pest suppression in storage premises and processing facilities; pheromones also have to undergo registration protocols similar to conventional insecticides in some countries. Control measures involve reduced chemical pesticide use and more non-chemical inputs such as heat, cold/freezing and desiccants. Furthermore, there is an expanding organic market where physical and biological agents play a key role. The management options for insect control depend on the necessity or severity of pest incidence. Generally, nonchemical treatments, except heat, require more treatment time or investment in expensive equipment or fail to achieve 100% insect mortality. Despite insect resistance, environmental issues and residue problems, chemical control is inevitable and continues to be the most effective and rapid control method. There are limited options with respect to alternative fumigants and the alternatives have constraints as regards environmental and health concerns, cost, and other logistics. For fumigation of fresh agricultural produce, new formulations of ethyl formate and phosphine are commercially applied replacing methyl bromide. Resistance management is now another component of stored product pest management. In recent times, fumigation techniques have improved taking into consideration possible insect resistance. Insect control deploying nanoparticles, alone or as carriers for other control agents, is an emerging area with promising results. As there is no single compound with all the desired qualities, a necessity has arisen to adopt multiple approaches. Cocktail applications or combination treatments (IGRs plus organophosphorus insecticides, diatomaceous earth plus contact insecticides, nanoparticles plus insecticides/pathogens/phytocompounds and conventional fumigants plus CO2; vacuum plus fumigant) have been proved to be more effective. The future of store product insect pest management is deployment of multiple approaches and/or combination treatments to achieve the goal quickly and effectively.

FUTURE PERSPECTIVE OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY: A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Gaurav Ranabhat ◽  
Ashmita Dhakal ◽  
Saurav Ranabhat ◽  
Ananta Dhakal ◽  
Rakshya Aryal
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
New Development ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Modern Biotechnology ◽  
Stable Yield ◽  
As Stress

Modern biotechnology enables an organism to produce a totally new product which the organism does not or cannot produce normally through the incorporation of the technology of ‘Genetic engineering’. Biotechnology shows its technical merits and new development prospects in breeding of new plants varieties with high and stable yield, good quality, as well as stress tolerance and resistance. Some of the most prevailing problems faced in agricultural ecosystems could be solved with the introduction of transgenic crops incorporated with traits for insect pest resistance, herbicide tolerance and resistance to viral diseases. Plant biotechnology has gained importance in the recent past for increasing the quality and quantity of agricultural, horticultural, ornamental plants, and in manipulating the plants for improved agronomic performance. Recent developments in the genome sequencing will have far reaching implications for future agriculture. From this study, we can know that the developing world adopts these fast-changing technologies soon and harness their unprecedented potential for the future benefit of human being.

Diverse sources of resistance to Spodoptera litura (F.) in groundnut

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (01S) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Saleem ◽  
G. K. Naidu ◽  
H. L. Nadaf ◽  
P. S. Tippannavar
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Botanical Variety ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Botanical Varieties

Spodoptera litura an important insect pest of groundnut causes yield loss up to 71% in India. Though many effective chemicals are available to control Spodoptera, host plant resistance is the most desirable, economic and eco-friendly strategy. In the present study, groundnut mini core (184), recombinant inbred lines (318) and elite genotypes (44) were studied for their reaction to Spodoptera litura under hot spot location at Dharwad. Heritable component of variation existed for resistance to Spodoptera in groundnut mini core, recombinant inbred lines and elite genotypes indicating scope for selection of Spodoptera resistant genotypes. Only 29 (15%) genotypes belonging to hypogaea, fastigiata and hirsuta botanical varieties under mini core set, 15 transgressive segregants belonging to fastigiata botanical variety among 318 recombinant inbred lines and three genotypes belonging to hypogaea and fastigiata botanical varieties under elite genotypes showed resistance to Spodoptera litura with less than 10% leaf damage. Negative correlation existed between resistance to Spodoptera and days to 50 per cent flowering indicating late maturing nature of resistant genotypes. Eight resistant genotypes (ICG 862, ICG 928, ICG 76, ICG 2777, ICG 5016, ICG 12276, ICG 4412 and ICG 9905) under hypogaea botanical variety also had significantly higher pod yield. These diverse genotypes could serve as potential donors for incorporation of Spodoptera resistance in groundnut.

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