THE SUCCESS OF THE LUCERNE MESSAGE IN MARLBOROUGH

1981 ◽  
pp. 179-183
Author(s):  
A.J. Cresswell
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Insect Pest Control ◽  
One Year ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
New Cultivars

This paper, as well as being a testimonial to the benefit the writer has received from the Grassland Association, shows how the knowledge of scientists has been used to increase lucerne seed yields by methods of growing resistant cultivars especially for seed production as opposed to growing for hay, silage or grazing. It shows how new cultivars can be multiplied quickly by growing two crops in one year, one in each hemisphere, by using low seeding rates, wide plant spacing and very good weed control. Increased flowering of the crop has been achieved by the use of boron and the choice of time of closing; better pollination has been achieved by the use of more efficient bees - two varieties of which have been imported from North America. Weed and insect pest control and the use of a desiccant at harvest are contributing to a four-fold increase in seed yield, which should double again soon,

scholarly journals Seed production of new cultivars of lucerne

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
T.P. Palmer ◽  
B. Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Megachile Rotundata ◽  
Insect Pest Control ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
New Cultivars

Multiplication of new cultivars of lucerne must be rapid to keep abreast of new pests and diseases. The most important factor is to harvest high seed yields in the establishing year. Widespread use of alkali and leafcutting bees, and possible management of short-tongued bumblebees, should raise the pollination level to near maximum. Low seeding rates, early sowing, good early weed control, adequate pollination and insect pest control will be rewarding for seed growers, merchants and customers. Keywords: Seed production, Medicago sativa, Nomia melanderi, Megachile rotundata, pollination.

Assessment of plant population on growth, fibre and seed yield of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) in Ibadan western Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
S.O. Olanipekun ◽  
A.O. Togun ◽  
S.A. Adejumo ◽  
O.N. Adeniyan ◽  
A.K. Adebayo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Bast Fibre ◽  
Statistical Analysis System ◽  
Fibre Yield ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Seed Yields

Kenaf is a multi-purpose crop with numerous industrial uses. Its production is constrained by poor cultural and agronomic practices which reduce yield. Inappropriate spacing among others could result in low yield. Effect of plant spacing on growth and yield of kenaf was investigated in Ibadan, Nigeria. Kenaf seed was sown (2 plants/stand) at three plant spacing: 50×15, 50×20, 50×25 cm was assessed for seed and bast fibre yields using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The analysis was done using statistical analysis system (SAS). Plant spacing differed significantly for bast fibre and seed yields. Highest bast fibre yield (0.9±0.03) and seed yield (0.5±0.01) were obtained at 50×20 cm and 50×25 cm spacing, respectively, while the lowest bast fibre yield (0.7±0.01) and seed yield (0.3±0.01) were obtained at 50×15 cm spacing. Spacing of 50 × 15 cm and 50 × 20 cm are appropriate when planting for fibre while 50 × 25cm is appropriate for seed production. Keywords: Kenaf, Spacing, Fibre and Seed yield.

Weed Control for Soybean (Glycine max) Planted in a Stale or Undisturbed Seedbed on Clay Soil

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry G. Heatherly ◽  
C. Dennis Elmore ◽  
Richard A. Wesley
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
No Till ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Made In

Field studies were conducted for three consecutive years to determine if PRE and/or POST herbicides were needed in addition to preplant foliar-applied glyphosate and POST cultivation for maximum seed yield of irrigated and nonirrigated soybean planted in stale and undisturbed seedbeds on clay soil. Soybean seed yields following the use of PRE and POST herbicides alone or in combination were similar in all years, and exceeded seed yield following the use of glyphosate plus POST cultivation only. Plantings made in no-till and fall-till seedbeds produced similar seed yields when both PRE and POST herbicides were used. These results indicate that glyphosate plus cultivation was not adequate for soybean in stale seedbed plantings, and that either PRE or POST herbicides, but not both, were required for maximum seed yield.

Economic Analysis of Alfalfa Integrated Management Practices

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clement E. Ward ◽  
Alan K. Dowdy ◽  
Richard C. Berberet ◽  
Jimmie F. Stritzke
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Disciplinary Boundaries ◽  
Insect Pest Control ◽  
Cultivar Selection

AbstractIntegrated pest management (IPM) initially focused on insect pest control. More recently, IPM encompasses a broader concept of management, one which crosses several disciplinary boundaries. This article reports results of research dealing with four integrated management decisions for alfalfa (cultivar selection, inset control, weed control, and end-of-season harvest options).

Seed yield of sugar beet as affected by stand density and harvesting date

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rajić ◽  
N. Čačić ◽  
P. Sklenar ◽  
S. Denčić
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Seed Yields

A three-year field trial was conducted to study the effect of plant population and harvesting dates on the yield of cleaned 2.0-6.0 mm seed and the seed yield (g) per plant. The highest seed yield was obtained with a spacing of 50 × 12 cm, or 160,000 plants/ha. A decrease in the plant-to-plant spacing to 9 cm decreased the yield by an average of 70 kg/ha over the three study years. The seed yield decreased to an even greater extent when the plant-to-plant spacing was 16 or 24 cm. The seed yields increased the most between the first and second harvesting dates: 400 kg/ha, or 50 kg/ha a day. On the last harvesting date, the seed yield was as low as 5-8 kg/ha. The yield loss was somewhat higher in the most densely sown treatment. The effect of spacing and harvesting date on seed yield per plant was similar to that on total seed yield.

EFFECTS OF HARVEST TIME AND ALAR-85 ON SEED YIELD OF RED CLOVER

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 869-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. CHRISTIE ◽  
T. M. CHOO
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Seed Setting ◽  
Seed Yield Components ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
One Year ◽  
Seed Yields

Effects of harvest time and the growth regulator Alar-85 on seed yield and seed-yield components of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) were studied. Data were collected from the primary growth (first crop) and from the aftermath (second crop). The second crop outyielded the first crop in one year and yielded the same in another year. Alar-85 shortened corolla tubes in all four cultivars and reduced plant height in three cultivars. It increased seed yields of the second crop of Dollard and Hungaropoli by more than 100%, through increases in seed setting and the number of heads per m2.Key words: Red clover, Trifolium pratense L., seed yield, Alar-85, harvest time

EFFECTS OF ARTIFICIAL DEFOLIATION ON SUNFLOWERS

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Sackston
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Removal ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
One Year ◽  
Seed Yields

Sunflowers were defoliated artificially to various degrees at three stages of growth to simulate the effects of rust and other foliage diseases. Complete defoliation at the flowering stage was most injurious. It reduced seed yield by 88 to 93 per cent in all five years of the experiment. It also reduced plant height at maturity in one of two years in which heights were recorded, and it reduced weight of 200 seeds, and oil content and protein content of the seed. Removal of 50 per cent of each leaf at flowering reduced seed yield by 22 to 30 per cent, and reduced plant height, but did not cause other statistically significant reductions. Removal of all leaves on the upper half of the stem reduced yield and 200-seed weight significantly.Complete defoliation of seedlings reduced seed yields significantly in two years and reduced plant height in one year. Complete defoliation of maturing plants reduced seed yield significantly in one year. Partial defoliation (50 per cent and 25 per cent) of seedlings and maturing plants produced no significant effects.The results of artificial defoliation should be useful in evaluating damage caused by insects and by hail as well as the effects of foliage diseases.

Supplemental Mass Pollination to increase Seed Yields in Loblolly Pine Seed Orchards

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Bridgwater ◽  
D. L. Bramlett
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
The Other ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
One Year ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Young Seed

Abstract Supplemental mass pollination was evaluated in a young and a mature loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seed orchard in two successive years. Supplemental mass pollination reduced both conelet and ovule abortion in one year in the young seed orchard and resulted in a 222 percent greater potential seed yield than untreated check ramets. The response was small and statistically nonsignificant in the other year. The potential seed yield was not increased in either year in the mature seed orchard.

scholarly journals Broadleaf Weed Control and Cabbage Seed Yield following Herbicide Application

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1211-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kassim Al-Khatib ◽  
Carl Libbey ◽  
Sorkel Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Pyridinecarboxylic Acid ◽  
Flowering Date ◽  
Cabbage Seed ◽  
Seed Yields

Broadleaf weed control with trifluralin, oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, clopyralid, pyridate, and metolachlor in cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) grown for seed was evaluated. No single herbicide controlled broadleaf weeds adequately, with the exception of pendimethalin at 1.92 and 3.84 kg a.i./ha. However, combinations of trifluralin + oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin + clopyralid, and oxyfluorfen + pyridate effectively controlled weeds and did not reduce seed yields. Herbicides caused slight to moderate injury symptoms to cabbage plants, with the greatest injury caused by pendimethalin and the least by trifluralin and metolachlor. However, plants recovered from these symptoms and appeared normal at the bud stage. None of the herbicides applied alone or in combinations adversely affected cabbage population, height, or flowering date. Chemical names used: 3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid (clopyralid); 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide (metolachlor); 2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzene (oxyfluorfen); N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine (pendimethalin); O-(6-chloro-3-phenyl-4-pyridazin-yl)S-octylcarbonothioate (pyridate); 2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine (trifluralin).

scholarly journals Cuticle degrading enzyme production by some isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
N Sapna Bai ◽  
OK Remadevi ◽  
TO Sasidharan ◽  
M Balachander ◽  
Priyadarsanan Dharmarajan
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Mechanical Pressure ◽  
Degrading Enzyme ◽  
Insect Pest Control ◽  
Degrading Enzymes

Context: Entomopathogenic fungi have been recognized as viable alternate options to chemicals in insect pest control. Unlike other potential biocontrol agents, fungi do not have to be ingested to infect their hosts but invade directly through the cuticle. Entry into the host involves both enzymic degradation of the cuticle barrier and mechanical pressure. Production of a range of cuticle degrading enzymes is an important event in the interaction of entomopathogenic fungi and host. Enzyme secretion is believed to be a key contributor for the virulence of a fungal isolate. Objectives: The potentiality of nine isolates of M. anisopliae were tested to produce to produce three important cuticle degrading enzymes, viz., chitinase, protease and lipase. Materials and Methods: Nine isolates of M. anisopliae were evaluated for chitinase, protease and lipase enzyme production by determining the enzyme index and activities. Results: Chitinase index of these isolates were ranged from 1.5 to 2.2 and chitinolytic activity from 0.525 to 1.560 U/ml. The isolates showed protease index in the range of 1.2 to 3.3 and the activity ranged from 0.020 to 0.114 U/ml. Lipase index ranged from 1.15 to 7.0 and the enzyme activity ranged from 0.153 to 0.500 U/ml. A strong relationship was observed between virulence of the isolates and cuticle degrading enzyme production as increased enzyme production was observed for virulent isolates. Conclusion: In the present study three isolates as (MIS2, MIS7 and MIS13) demonstrated cuticle degrading enzyme (CDE) that indicate higher virulence based on the bioassay conducted earlier by the authors as strongly substantiating the role of CDEs is considered the virulence of Metarhizium isolates. So, these isolates may be as ecofriendly insect-pest control agent in future. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v20i0.17648 J. bio-sci. 20: 25-32, 2012

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