Ion homeostasis and Na+ transport-related gene expression in two cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties under saline, alkaline and saline-alkaline stresses

The sensitivity of cotton to salt stress depends on the genotypes and salt types. Understanding the mechanism of ion homeostasis under different salt stresses is necessary to improve cotton performance under saline conditions. A pot experiment using three salt stresses saline stress (NaCl+Na2SO4), alkaline stress (Na2CO3+NaHCO3), and saline-alkaline stress (NaCl+Na2SO4+Na2CO3+NaHCO3) and two cotton varieties (salt-tolerant variety L24 and salt-sensitive variety G1) was conducted. The growth, ion concentrations, and Na+ transport-related gene expression in the cotton varieties were determined. The inhibitory effects of saline-alkaline stress on cotton growth were greater than that of either saline stress or alkaline stress alone. The root/shoot ratio under alkaline stress was significantly lower than that under saline stress. The salt-tolerant cotton variety had lower Na and higher K concentrations in the leaves, stems and roots than the salt-sensitive variety under different salt stresses. For the salt-sensitive cotton variety, saline stress significantly inhibited the absorption of P and the transport of P, K, and Mg, while alkaline stress and saline-alkaline stress significantly inhibited the uptake and transport of P, K, Ca, Mg, and Zn. Most of the elements in the salt-tolerant variety accumulated in the leaves and stems under different salt stresses. This indicated that the salt-tolerant variety had a stronger ion transport capacity than the salt-sensitive variety under saline conditions. Under alkaline stress and salt-alkaline stress, the relative expression levels of the genes GhSOS1, GhNHX1 and GhAKT1 in the salt-tolerant variety were significantly higher than that in the salt-sensitive variety. These results suggest that this salt-tolerant variety of cotton has an internal mechanism to maintain ionic homeostasis.

Dyeing of Cotton Fabric with Natural Dye Extracted from Egyptian Cotton Leaves

Cotton leaves have been used to extract natural dye for dyeing of Egyptian cotton variety Giza 86 fabric and its blend with polyester 50:50, using different mordants such as iron (II) sulfate, copper (II) sulfate, and alum. The exhaust dyeing method was utilized using the pre-mordant technique. It is observed that both fabric samples can be dyed in different colors and depth of shades with Cotton leaves dye. Iron (II) sulfate ensures the best light fastness. Improved light fastness is obtained using abovementioned lower amounts of iron (II) sulfate and copper (II) sulfate. Alum is found to be less effective than iron (II) sulfate and copper (II) sulfate on the light fastness. As a novel alternative and potential natural dye, Cotton leaves extract solution can be used to get various colors and shades with satisfactory fastness properties. The mordanted and un-mordanted fabric samples were tested for their dyeing performance in terms of color parameters K/S, (L*), a*, b*, (C*) and (H*), and fastness properties (wash, perspiration, light and rubbing fastness) were studied. The samples showed high color strength, and high fastness properties. These results are very important for industrial application and with the production of a natural dye as an inexpensive source from cotton leaves as a by-product. Another objective is to increase the production of eco-textile garments with a good price for the Egyptian customers.

COTTON VARIETY "ANDIZHAN-37"

Статья посвящена новому сорту хлопчатника «Андижан-37» при вращение определенных почвенных условиях, быстро вырастающий, высокоурожайный, устойчивый к болезням вилт, гоммоз и другим вредителям. Выделяются и описываются характерные особенности высококачественного волокно выделяется своей высокой прочностью и другими ценными признаками, период посева семян, разработка агротехнический элементов, чеканка сорта хлопчатника. Анализ годовых норм применения минеральных удобрений для данного сорта а также рекомендаций и высоких агротехнических уходов дающих возможность получения высококачественного урожая хлопка.

Influence of different seeding dates on cotton yield

In the conditions of Fergana region, Bukhara-8, Sultan and S-8290 cotton varieties were planted in six terms, and 11-12, 12-13, 13-14 cotton branches were chemically ginned by hand. The results of the variant with the highest yield Bukhara-8 cotton variety sown on April 20-25 and pruning on 12-13 harvest branches are given.

Yield Comparisons between Cotton Variety Xin Nong Mian 1 and Its Transgenic ScALDH21 Lines under Different Water Deficiencies in a Desert-Oasis Ecotone

Water scarcity is the major limiting factor for oasis-desert agricultural production of cotton. It is necessary to improve cotton for drought tolerance and minimize drought-related crop losses, and the transgenic approach is efficient for cotton improvement. In order to evaluate the value of ScALDH21 transgenic cotton (G.hirsutum L.), it was tested in the main cotton region of south Xinjiang, in an environment of extreme drought around the desert. Transgenic cotton, overexpressing aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (ScALDH21) from the desiccation-tolerant moss Syntrichia caninervis in cotton variety Xin Nong Mian 1, was field-tested under six treatments based on three irrigation schedules and two irrigation levels (full (FI) and deficit (DI) irrigation) as follows: root zone model-simulated forecast irrigation (F) (FFI and FDI), soil moisture sensor-based irrigation (S) (SFI and SDI), and flood irrigation based on experience estimates (E) (EFI and EDI) to evaluate growth and yield performances. The results revealed that plant height and leaf area increased significantly in ScALDH21-transgenic cotton genotypes under all treatments. Physiological parameters such as chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis rate, and instantaneous water use efficiency were not significantly highly in transgenic lines compared to non-transgenic plants (NT). However, transgenic lines showed significantly improved yield and superior fiber quality than NT plants regardless of irrigation. The results demonstrate that ScALDH21-transgenic lines were excellent compared to NT plants under different water deficiency conditions. The study also provides guidelines for optimal irrigation protocol and minimum water requirements for the use of the ScALDH21-transgenic cotton lines in arid zones.

Influence of cultivation factors on productivity of cotton variety “Ganja-114”

Cotton is very valuable technical crop. This crop keeps its strategical significance still its cultivation. Increasing productivity and improving its quality is a key factor for new certificated cotton varieties to remain in production for a long time. For this, it is important for each of the variety to have its own (according to its biological characteristics) fertilizer rate, plant density and irrigation regimes. That is, the incorrect application of these parameters has a negative impact on productivity. As a result, a variety that has been painstakingly created for many years may soon become extinct. For this purpose, in order to study the optimal agrotechnics of the newly certificated cotton variety “Ganja-114” the research work was carried out in Ganja-Kazakh region, at 2 plant densities 60x15-1 and 60x20-1, with 2 ferilizer norms N90P100, N120P100 kg of active substance and 2 irrigation regimes 65-65-65%; 70-70-65%. According to the results of the research work on average 34,5 cent. Of product was obtained from the mentioned variety, in 2018-2019 when N90P100 kg of active substance, 65-65-65% irrigation regime was applied at 60x15-1 plant densities. Key words: cotton plant, variety, plant density, irrigation regime, optimal ag rotechnics, productiveness