Toxic Effects of Copper on Bioenergetics and Growth Rates in Fingerlings and Adult Age of the Fish, Mystus vittatus (Bloch, 1794)

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Subathra ◽  
R. Karuppasam
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Mystus Vittatus ◽  
Adult Age

Life history, demography, diet and habitat associations in the southwestern earless lizard, Cophosaurus texanus scitulus from northern and southern limits of its geographical range

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Punzo
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Generalist Predators ◽  
Reproductive Condition ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Adult Age

AbstractI studied life history traits, demography, diet composition and habitat associations in the southwestern earless lizard, Cophosaurus texanus scitulus. Individuals from various age classes were sampled from populations at the northern (FCM) and southern (CAS) boundaries of its geographic range (FCM, foothills of Chinati Mts., Texas, USA; CAS, Castonos, Coahuila, Mexico). Males had higher growth rates as compared to females between the juvenile-to-yearling stages at both sites. Significant differences were also found for yearlings, and between yearling-to-adult stages. Growth rates decreased as a function of increasing age and were lowest in adults, and highest during the juvenile-to-yearling and yearling age classes. Earliest date on which a female was found to contain oviductal eggs was 19 May and 10 June, for the CAS and FCM sites, respectively. No females with oviductal eggs were found between 01 March and mid-May. Most females in reproductive condition had a SVL of 53-61 mm, and 57-64 mm, at the CAS and FCM sites, respectively, indicating that most females attain maturity at an age of 10-11 months. Clutch sizes were significantly smaller for females from the FCM site. Sex ratio was significantly biased toward females Survivorship was highest between yearling and adult age classes. Most lizards were found in areas with creosote and mesquite. These lizards are generalist predators that feed on a wide variety of arthropods.

Toxic effects of Atrazine, Deethyl-Atrazine, Deisopropyl-Atrazine and Metolachlor on Chlorella fusca var fusca

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Chlorella Fusca ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Bioassay System ◽  
Herbicide Atrazine ◽  
Herbicide Metolachlor ◽  
Reduced Toxicity ◽  
Toxic Concentrations

The toxic effects of the herbicide Atrazine, its degradation products deethyl-atrazine and deisopropylatrazine, and the herbicide metolachlor were examined in unialgal cultures of Chlorella fusca var-fusca. The toxicity of a mixture of atrazine and metolachlor was also evaluated using the same bioassay system. Cell numbers were determined daily and growth rates were calculated for a period of 4 days. The order of toxicity of chemicals was atrazine>metolachlor>deethyl-atrazine>deisopropyl-atrazine. The presence of a mixture of atrazine and metolachlor in toxic concentrations lower than the EC50 resulted in reduced toxicity (antagonism) in comparison with the toxicity caused by the sum of toxic actions of the same levels of concentration from single chemicals.

The effect on cattle of long-continued cutaneous applications of DDT.

1953 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 469 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Roulston ◽  
LF Hitchcock ◽  
AW Turner ◽  
RD Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Peanut Oil ◽  
Histological Evidence ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Aqueous Suspensions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Second Year

An experiment was carried out near Brisbane and another near Melbourne to determine the hazard of long-continued cutaneous applications of DDT to cattle. In Queensland, steers were used. They were treated weekly for three years with 22.5 g DDT in peanut oil, and some were autopsied at the end of each year. In Victoria the experiment was commenced with heifers, and the same dosage of DDT in peanut or substitute oils was applied. They bore up to three calves, which they suckled for 5-6 months, and were autopsied 3½ years after the commencement of the experiment. Signs of toxicosis were never observed in adults or calves and except for a brief period during the second year of the Queensland experiment, there was no significant difference between the growth rates of treated and untreated animals. At autopsy UDT was found in tissues, particularly fatty tissues, in amounts up to 425 parts per million, and lower concentrations were found in similar tissues of untreated animals pashred with those treated. In no case was histological evidence of toxic effects upon tissues found. Milk samples taken during the first lactation of the Victorian heifers 20 months after treatment began contained 3-4 parts per million DDT. Since the intensity of application exceeded that of any treatment conceivable under field conditions, it is concluded that any likely rate of dipping in aqueous suspensions of 0.5 per cent. pp'-DDT for tick control would be quite harmless to cattle.

Ultrastructure of the effect of T-514 obtained from Karwinskia humboldtiana on assembly and integrity of yeast's peroxisomes

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 136-137
Author(s):  
J. Sepulveda-Saavedra ◽  
I. Vander-Klei ◽  
M. Venhuis ◽  
Y. Piñeyro-Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Candida Boidinii ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Poisonous Plant ◽  
Biological Behaviour ◽  
Enzyme Content ◽  
Fat Deposits ◽  
Yeast Model

Karwinskia humboldtiana is a poisonous plant that grows in semi desertic areas in north and central México. It produces several substances with different toxic effects. One of them designated T-514 damages severely the lung, kidney and liver, producing in the hepatoeyte large intracellular fat deposits and necrosis. Preliminary observations demonstrated that three is a decrease in the amount of peroxisomes in the hepatocytes of experimentally intoxicated rats and monkeys. To study the effect exerted by the T-514 on peroxisomes, a yeast model was selected, thus, three species: Saccha romices cerevisiae, Ilansenula polymorpha and Candida boidinii were used, because there is information concerning their peroxisome's morphology, enzyme content, biological behaviour under different culture conditions and biogenesis.

Some Conditions Necessary for Pinocytosis

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 142-143
Author(s):  
M. W. Brightman
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Cytological Evidence ◽  
Cell Processes

The cytological evidence for pinocytosis is the focal infolding of the cell membrane to form surface pits that eventually pinch off and move into the cytoplasm. This activity, which can be inhibited by oxidative and glycolytic poisons, is performed only by cell processes that are at least 300A wide. However, the interpretation of such toxic effects becomes equivocal if the membrane invaginations do not normally lead to the formation of migratory vesicles, as in some endothelia and in smooth muscle. The present study is an attempt to set forth some conditions under which pinocytosis, as distinct from the mere inclusion of material in surface invaginations, can take place.

Toxic effects of aerosol propellants on the heart

1973 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effects

Attachment and Field Dependence: Individual Differences in Information Processing

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Vermigli ◽  
Alessandro Toni
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Figure Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Measure Field

The present research analyzes the relationship between attachment styles at an adult age and field dependence in order to identify possible individual differences in information processing. The “Experience in Close Relationships” test of Brennan et al. was administered to a sample of 380 individuals (160 males, 220 females), while a subsample of 122 subjects was given the Embedded Figure Test to measure field dependence. Confirming the starting hypothesis, the results have shown that individuals with different attachment styles have a different way of perceiving the figure against the background. Ambivalent and avoidant individuals lie at the two extremes of the same dimension while secure individuals occupy the central part. Significant differences also emerged between males and females.

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