Toxic effects of Atrazine, Deethyl-Atrazine, Deisopropyl-Atrazine and Metolachlor on Chlorella fusca var fusca

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Chlorella Fusca ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Bioassay System ◽  
Herbicide Atrazine ◽  
Herbicide Metolachlor ◽  
Reduced Toxicity ◽  
Toxic Concentrations

The toxic effects of the herbicide Atrazine, its degradation products deethyl-atrazine and deisopropylatrazine, and the herbicide metolachlor were examined in unialgal cultures of Chlorella fusca var-fusca. The toxicity of a mixture of atrazine and metolachlor was also evaluated using the same bioassay system. Cell numbers were determined daily and growth rates were calculated for a period of 4 days. The order of toxicity of chemicals was atrazine>metolachlor>deethyl-atrazine>deisopropyl-atrazine. The presence of a mixture of atrazine and metolachlor in toxic concentrations lower than the EC50 resulted in reduced toxicity (antagonism) in comparison with the toxicity caused by the sum of toxic actions of the same levels of concentration from single chemicals.

scholarly journals Current View on the Mechanisms of Alcohol-Mediated Toxicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 9686
Author(s):  
Anna Birková ◽  
Beáta Hubková ◽  
Beáta Čižmárová ◽  
Beáta Bolerázska
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Products ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Current View ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Actual Knowledge ◽  
Pathological Conditions

Alcohol is a psychoactive substance that is widely used and, unfortunately, often abused. In addition to acute effects such as intoxication, it may cause many chronic pathological conditions. Some of the effects are very well described and explained, but there are still gaps in the explanation of empirically co-founded dysfunction in many alcohol-related conditions. This work focuses on reviewing actual knowledge about the toxic effects of ethanol and its degradation products.

scholarly journals Toxic concentrations of metronidazole to Microcystis protocystis

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (3 suppl 1) ◽  
pp. S120-S124 ◽  
Author(s):  
SMS Magalhães ◽  
CM Brêtas ◽  
JM Brêtas ◽  
GA Pianetti ◽  
MW Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Toxic Concentrations ◽  
Environmental Importance

Antimicrobials are among the most commonly used drugs and have become a class of contaminants with great environmental importance. Metronidazole is an antimicrobial used for the therapeutic management of several human diseases. The toxicity of antimicrobials on aquatic species may affect sensitive microorganisms and reduce metabolic processes. Cyanobacteria is a group of organisms that are of great ecological importance in aquatic environments. Studies indicate that cyanobacteria are very sensitive to some antimicrobials. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the effects of metronidazole contamination on phytoplankton. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of metronidazole on the growth of the cyanobacterium Microcystis protocystis and to evaluate the stability of this antimicrobial agent in the culture medium over a period of 96 hours. M. protocystis was resistant to growth inhibition by metronidazole. The EC50 of this antimicrobial for M. protocystis was 117.3 mg L–1. Under the growth inhibition test conditions, neither a significant change in the MNZ concentration nor the presence of drug metabolites or degradation products was observed. These results indicate low cellular uptake of the antimicrobial agent and its persistence in the culture medium.

scholarly journals Preliminary Studies on the Toxic Effects of Degradation Products of Oxytetracycline and Chlortetracycline on Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Hue ◽  
Nguyen Van Toan ◽  
Le Thanh Long ◽  
Guido Fleischer ◽  
Zhou Guang Hong
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Products ◽  
Toxic Effects

Analysis of herbicide atrazine and its degradation products in cereals by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (17) ◽  
pp. 3599-3604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuxuan Liang ◽  
Xinfeng Dong ◽  
Ming Su ◽  
Hanwen Sun
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Herbicide Atrazine ◽  
First Time

A novel ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) method was developed for the first time for the determination of herbicide atrazine (ATR) and its principal metabolites namely desisopropylatrazine (DIA), desethylatrazine (DEA) and hydroxyatrazine (HA) in cereals.

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