Incidence of Crown Rot Disease of Wheat Caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum as a New Soil Born Fungal Species in North West Iran

AbstractHexaploid spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) may exhibit significant crown rot disease responses to infection by Fusarium pseudograminearum, with a range of susceptibility levels available in commercial cultivars. Dry conditions during grain-fill may lead to the expression of prematurely senescing culms, which typically fail to set grain. Assessment of hexaploid spring wheat plants exhibiting both non-senescent and prematurely senescent culms was performed using visual discolouration, Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass, vascular colonisation and quantification of wheat DNA in culm sections sampled at three different heights above the crown and at the peduncle. A comparison of these parameters at four time points from milk development, when senescent culms are first observed, to maturity was conducted. Samples from six commercial cultivars were collected in 2014 from Narrabri and Tamworth, New South Wales and Wellcamp, Queensland. Prematurely senescent culms exhibited greater visual discolouration, Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass and vascular colonisation than non-senescent culms in each cultivar. Colonisation of xylem and phloem tissue was extensive in the basal portions of prematurely senescent culms (36 to 99%), and suggests significant impacts on water and nutrient movement during crown rot disease. Maturation coincided with significant changes in Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass and vascular colonisation. Wheat DNA content varied among cultivars, culm conditions, culm sections and sampling times. The variation in the severity of disease states between culms of the same plant suggests that the timing of initiation of infection in individual culms may vary.

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Different Tolerance in Bread Wheat, Durum Wheat and Barley to Fusarium Crown Rot Disease Caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum

Journal of Phytopathology ◽

10.1111/j.1439-0434.2012.01920.x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 160 (7-8) ◽

pp. 412-417 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Yaxi Liu ◽

Jun Ma ◽

Wei Yan ◽

Guijun Yan ◽

Meixue Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Fusarium Crown Rot ◽

Fusarium Pseudograminearum ◽

Rot Disease

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A role for the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in stem colonisation during crown rot disease of wheat caused by Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium pseudograminearum

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology ◽

10.1016/j.pmpp.2007.01.003 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 69 (1-3) ◽

pp. 73-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 97

Author(s):

Agnieszka M. Mudge ◽

Ruth Dill-Macky ◽

Yanhong Dong ◽

Donald M. Gardiner ◽

Rosemary G. White ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Graminearum ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Fusarium Pseudograminearum ◽

Rot Disease

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A megabirnavirus alleviates the pathogenicity of Fusarium pseudograminearum to wheat

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-03-21-0126-r ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yuan Xie ◽

Zhifang Wang ◽

Ke Li ◽

Dongwei Liu ◽

Yifan Jia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Early Infection ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Colony Morphology ◽

Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽

Fusarium Pseudograminearum ◽

Hypovirulent Strain ◽

Rot Disease

Fusarium pseudograminearum is a phytopathogen that causes wheat crown rot disease worldwide. Fusarium pseudograminearum megabirnavirus 1 (FpgMBV1) was isolated from the hypovirulent strain FC136-2A of F. pseudograminearum as a novel dsRNA mycovirus belonging to the family Megabirnaviridae. Here we examined the effects of FpgMBV1 on colony morphology and pathogenicity of F. pseudograminearum. Through hyphal tip culture, we obtained virus-free progeny of strain FC136-2A, referred to as FC136-2A-V-.FpgMBV1 was transferred horizontally to another virus-free strain, WZ-8A-HygR-V-. The progeny that obtained through horizontal transfer was referred to as WZ-8A-HygR-V+. Colony morphology was similar between the FpgMBV1-positive and -negative strains. The ability to penetrate cellophane in vitro was lost and pathogenicity on wheat plants was reduced significantly in the FpgMBV1-positive strains relative to the FpgMBV1-negative strains. Microscopic observations showed a 6-h delay in the formation of appressoria-like structures in FC136-2A relative to FC136-2A-V-. And mycelium extension was significantly longer in wheat coleoptiles infected by WZ-8A-HygR-V- than in that infected by WZ-8A-HygR-V+ at 12 and 20 hours after inoculation (HAI). In addition, expression of five genes that encode cell wall-degrading enzymes differed significantly between FpgMBV1-positive and -negative strains at 12 and 20 HAI during early infection of wheat cells by conidia. This study provides evidence for the hypovirulence effect of FpgMBV1 on F. pseudograminearum and suggests that the underlying mechanism involves unsuccessful early infection and perhaps cell wall degradation.

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FpgMBV1 Alleviates The Pathogenicity of Fusarium Pseudograminearum to Wheat Plants: A Megabirnavirus Case Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-122141/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yuan Xie ◽

Zhifang Wang ◽

Ke Li ◽

Dongwei Liu ◽

Yifan Jia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hyphal Growth ◽

Potential Effect ◽

Causal Agent ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Fusarium Pseudograminearum ◽

Virulent Virus ◽

Rot Disease ◽

Hyphal Tip

Abstract Background: Fusarium pseudograminearum is the predomenant causal agent of devastating crown rot diseases in cereal crops around the world. Mycoviruses have attracted increasing attention as potential biological control agents on plant diseases. The unique mycoviruse isolated from F. pseudograminearum is Fusarium pseudograminearum megabirnavirus 1 (FpgMBV1), which is a new member of the family Megabirnaviridae. To determine the hypovirulence effects of FpgMBV1 on F. pseudograminearum to wheat plants is critical for the potential application of FpgMBV1 in the control of cereal crown rot disease. Methods: Hyphal tip cultures were conducted to obtain a FpgMBV1-free strain, named as FC136-2A-V－. A hyg gene was transformed into a highly virulent virus-negative stain WZ-8A of F. pseudograminearum to obtain the deduced strain WZ-8A-HygR-V－. WZ-8A-HygR-V－ was used in pairing culture with the FpgMBV1-carrying F. pseudograminearum strain FC136-2A to obtain a FpgMBV1-positive strain WZ-8A-HygR-V+. Then the two pairs of strains, FC136-2A-V－/FC136-2A and WZ-8A-HygR-V－/WZ-8A-HygR-V+, were used to determine the potential effect on F. pseudograminearum by the infection of FpgMBV1 through tests on the growth, sensitivity to stress and cellophane penetrating ability in vitro and the pathogenicity to wheat plants.Results: FpgMBV1 could be cured by hyphal tip culture and horizontally transferred between F. pseudograminearum strains through pairing culture. Reduction of FpgMBV1-carrying strains on hyphal growth were found under the treatment of 0.5% SDS. No differences in the growth rates of tested strains in the treatments with 1 M NaCl, 1 M KCl, or 15 mM H2O2. Comparing to virus-negative strains, the In vitro cellophane penetrating ability was lost in FpgMBV1-carrying strains. The disease index of wheat plants inoculated with FC136-2A-V- was significantly higher than that inoculated with FC136-2A, while the pathogenicity of WZ-8A-HygR-V+ reduced significantly comparing to that of WZ-8A-HygR-V－.Conclusions: FpgMBV1 is the causal agent of the low pathogenicity to wheat plants of its original host F. pseudograminearum strain FC136-2A. And FpgMBV1 could be horizontally transferred to another F. pseudograminearum strain and reduce its pathogenicity to wheat plants.

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Investigating the Impact of Root-Lesion Nematodes (Pratylenchus thornei) and Crown Rot (Fusarium pseudograminearum) on Diverse Cereal Cultivars in a Conservation Farming System

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11050867 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 867

Author(s):

John P. Thompson ◽

Timothy G. Clewett

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Soil Profile ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Tolerance Index ◽

Initial Population ◽

Fusarium Pseudograminearum ◽

Conservation Farming ◽

Pratylenchus Thornei ◽

Fourth Experiment ◽

The Impact

In two experiments on a farm practicing conservation agriculture, the grain yield of a range of wheat cultivars was significantly (p < 0.001) negatively related to the post-harvest population densities of Pratylenchus thornei in the soil profile to 45 cm depth. In a third and fourth experiment with different rotations, methyl bromide fumigation significantly (p < 0.05) decreased (a) a low initial population density of P. thornei in the soil profile to 90 cm depth and (b) a high initial population of P. thornei to 45 cm depth, and a medium level of the crown rot fungus, Fusarium pseudograminearum, at 0–15 cm depth to a low level. For a range of wheat and durum cultivars, grain yield and response to fumigation were highly significantly (p < 0.001) related to (a) the P. thornei tolerance index of the cultivars in the third experiment, and (b) to both the P. thornei tolerance index and the crown rot resistance index in the fourth experiment. In the latter, grain yield was significantly (p < 0.001) positively related to biomass at anthesis and negatively related to percentage whiteheads at grain fill growth stage. One barley cultivar was more tolerant to both diseases than the wheat and durum cultivars. Crop rotation, utilizing crop cultivars resistant and tolerant to both P. thornei and F. pseudograminearum, is key to success for conservation farming in this region.

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Colonization of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) Culms Exhibiting Premature Senescence (Dead Heads) Associated with Fusarium pseudograminearum Crown Rot

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-03-17-0415-re ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 101 (10) ◽

pp. 1788-1794 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Noel L. Knight ◽

Bethany Macdonald ◽

Mark W. Sutherland

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Disease Susceptibility ◽

Triticum Turgidum ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Fusarium Crown Rot ◽

Fusarium Pseudograminearum ◽

Field Samples ◽

Key Factor ◽

Significant Disease

Fusarium crown rot is a significant disease of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum), which exhibits high levels of disease susceptibility. The most extreme symptom of crown rot is a prematurely senescing culm that typically fails to set grain. Individual crown rot-affected durum wheat plants displaying both nonsenescent and prematurely senescent culms were harvested to compare visual discoloration, Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass, and vascular colonization in culm sections sampled at three different heights above the crown. Field samples of EGA Bellaroi were collected at Wellcamp, QLD, in 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014, and of Hyperno at Narrabri, NSW, in 2014. Prematurely senescent culms exhibited greater visual discoloration, F. pseudograminearum biomass, and vascular colonization than nonsenescent culms in each year they were examined. The extent of these differences varied between environments and timing of collection in each year. Vascular colonization initially occurred in xylem vessels and spread into phloem tissues as disease severity increased. The increased presence of hyphae in vascular bundles of prematurely senescing culms provides strong evidence for the hypothesis that restriction of water and nutrient movement in a diseased culm is a key factor in crown rot severity.

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Genetic diversity of Australian Fusarium pseudograminearum populations causing crown rot in wheat

European Journal of Plant Pathology ◽

10.1007/s10658-020-02198-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammed Khudhair ◽

F. Obanor ◽

K. Kazan ◽

D. M. Gardiner ◽

E. Aitken ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Fusarium Pseudograminearum

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Response of durum wheat to different levels of zinc and Fusarium pseudograminearum

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp13306 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 61 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohsin S. Al-Fahdawi ◽

Jason A. Able ◽

Margaret Evans ◽

Amanda J. Able

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Sufficient Conditions ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Zn Deficiency ◽

Zinc Efficiency ◽

Fusarium Pseudograminearum ◽

Zn Concentration

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) is susceptible to Fusarium pseudograminearum and sensitive to zinc (Zn) deficiency in Australian soils. However, little is known about the interaction between these two potentially yield-limiting factors, especially for Australian durum varieties. The critical Zn concentration (concentration of Zn in the plant when there is a 10% reduction in yield) and degree of susceptibility to F. pseudograminearum was therefore determined for five Australian durum varieties (Yawa, Hyperno, Tjilkuri, WID802, UAD1153303). Critical Zn concentration averaged 24.6 mg kg–1 for all durum varieties but differed for the individual varieties (mg kg–1: Yawa, 21.7; Hyperno, 22.7; Tjilkuri, 24.1; WID802, 24.8; UAD1153303, 28.7). Zinc efficiency also varied amongst genotypes (39–52%). However, Zn utilisation was similar amongst genotypes under Zn-deficient or Zn-sufficient conditions (0.51–0.59 and 0.017–0.022 g DM μg–1 Zn, respectively). All varieties were susceptible to F. pseudograminearum but the development of symptoms and detrimental effect on shoot biomass and grain yield were significantly greater in Tjilkuri. Even though crown rot symptoms may still be present, the supply of adequate Zn in the soil helped to maintain biomass and grain yield in all durum varieties. However, the extent to which durum varieties were protected from plant growth penalties due to crown rot by Zn treatment was genotype-dependent.

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