Different Tolerance in Bread Wheat, Durum Wheat and Barley to Fusarium Crown Rot Disease Caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum

Fusarium crown rot is a significant disease of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum), which exhibits high levels of disease susceptibility. The most extreme symptom of crown rot is a prematurely senescing culm that typically fails to set grain. Individual crown rot-affected durum wheat plants displaying both nonsenescent and prematurely senescent culms were harvested to compare visual discoloration, Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass, and vascular colonization in culm sections sampled at three different heights above the crown. Field samples of EGA Bellaroi were collected at Wellcamp, QLD, in 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014, and of Hyperno at Narrabri, NSW, in 2014. Prematurely senescent culms exhibited greater visual discoloration, F. pseudograminearum biomass, and vascular colonization than nonsenescent culms in each year they were examined. The extent of these differences varied between environments and timing of collection in each year. Vascular colonization initially occurred in xylem vessels and spread into phloem tissues as disease severity increased. The increased presence of hyphae in vascular bundles of prematurely senescing culms provides strong evidence for the hypothesis that restriction of water and nutrient movement in a diseased culm is a key factor in crown rot severity.

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Genetic Variance for Fusarium Crown Rot Tolerance in Durum Wheat

10.1101/2020.10.05.326058 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gururaj Kadkol ◽

Jess Meza ◽

Steven Simpfendorfer ◽

Steve Harden ◽

Brian Cullis

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Genetic Variance ◽

Field Trials ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Tolerance Index ◽

Fusarium Crown Rot ◽

N Yield ◽

Good Repeatability ◽

Tolerance Indices

AbstractTolerance to the cereal disease Fusarium crown rot (FCR) was investigated in a set of 34 durum wheat genotypes, with Suntop, (bread wheat) and EGA Bellaroi (durum) as tolerant and intolerant checks, in a series of replicated field trials over four years with inoculated (FCR-i) and non-inoculated (FCR-n) plots of the genotypes. The genotypes included conventional durum lines and lines derived from crossing durum with 2-49, a bread wheat line with the highest level of partial resistance to FCR. A split plot trial design was chosen to optimize the efficiency for the prediction of FCR tolerance for each genotype. A multi-environment trial (MET) analysis was undertaken which indicated that there was good repeatability of FCR tolerance across years. Based on an FCR tolerance index, Suntop was the most tolerant genotype and EGA Bellaroi was very intolerant, but many durum wheats had FCR tolerance indices which were comparable to Suntop. These included some conventional durum lines, V101030, TD1702, V11TD013*3X-63 and DBA Bindaroi, as well as genotypes from crosses with 2-49 (V114916 and V114942). The correlation between FCR tolerance and FCR-n yield predictions was moderately negative indicating it could be somewhat difficult to develop high yielding FCR-tolerant genotypes. However, FCR tolerance showed a positive correlation with FCR-i yield predictions in seasons of high disease expression indicating it could be possible to screen for FCR tolerance using only FCR-i treatments. These results are the first demonstration of genetic diversity in durum germplasm for FCR tolerance and they provide a basis for breeding for this trait.

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Genetic variation for fusarium crown rot tolerance in durum wheat

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0240766 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. e0240766

Author(s):

Gururaj Pralhad Kadkol ◽

Jess Meza ◽

Steven Simpfendorfer ◽

Steve Harden ◽

Brian Cullis

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Field Trials ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Tolerance Index ◽

Fusarium Crown Rot ◽

N Yield ◽

Good Repeatability ◽

Tolerance Indices ◽

Disease Pressure

Tolerance to the cereal disease Fusarium crown rot (FCR) was investigated in a set of 34 durum wheat genotypes, with Suntop, (bread wheat) and EGA Bellaroi (durum) as tolerant and intolerant controls, in a series of replicated field trials over four years with inoculated (FCR-i) and non-inoculated (FCR-n) plots of the genotypes. The genotypes included conventional durum lines and lines derived from crossing durum with 2–49, a bread wheat genotype with the highest level of partial resistance to FCR. A split plot trial design was chosen to optimize the efficiency for the prediction of FCR tolerance for each genotype. A multi-environment trial (MET) analysis was undertaken which indicated that there was good repeatability of FCR tolerance across years. Based on an FCR tolerance index, Suntop was the most tolerant genotype and EGA Bellaroi was very intolerant, but some durum wheats had FCR tolerance indices which were comparable to Suntop. These included some conventional durum genotypes, V101030, TD1702, V11TD013*3X-63 and DBA Bindaroi, as well as genotypes from crosses with 2–49 (V114916 and V114942). The correlation between FCR tolerance and FCR-n yield predictions was moderately negative indicating it could be somewhat difficult to develop FCR-tolerant genotypes that are high yielding under low disease pressure. However, FCR tolerance showed a positive correlation with FCR-i yield predictions in seasons of high disease expression indicating it could be possible to screen for FCR tolerance using only FCR-i treatments. These results are the first demonstration of genetic diversity in durum germplasm for FCR tolerance and they provide a basis for breeding for this trait.

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Response of durum wheat to different levels of zinc and Fusarium pseudograminearum

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp13306 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 61 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohsin S. Al-Fahdawi ◽

Jason A. Able ◽

Margaret Evans ◽

Amanda J. Able

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Sufficient Conditions ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Zn Deficiency ◽

Zinc Efficiency ◽

Fusarium Pseudograminearum ◽

Zn Concentration

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) is susceptible to Fusarium pseudograminearum and sensitive to zinc (Zn) deficiency in Australian soils. However, little is known about the interaction between these two potentially yield-limiting factors, especially for Australian durum varieties. The critical Zn concentration (concentration of Zn in the plant when there is a 10% reduction in yield) and degree of susceptibility to F. pseudograminearum was therefore determined for five Australian durum varieties (Yawa, Hyperno, Tjilkuri, WID802, UAD1153303). Critical Zn concentration averaged 24.6 mg kg–1 for all durum varieties but differed for the individual varieties (mg kg–1: Yawa, 21.7; Hyperno, 22.7; Tjilkuri, 24.1; WID802, 24.8; UAD1153303, 28.7). Zinc efficiency also varied amongst genotypes (39–52%). However, Zn utilisation was similar amongst genotypes under Zn-deficient or Zn-sufficient conditions (0.51–0.59 and 0.017–0.022 g DM μg–1 Zn, respectively). All varieties were susceptible to F. pseudograminearum but the development of symptoms and detrimental effect on shoot biomass and grain yield were significantly greater in Tjilkuri. Even though crown rot symptoms may still be present, the supply of adequate Zn in the soil helped to maintain biomass and grain yield in all durum varieties. However, the extent to which durum varieties were protected from plant growth penalties due to crown rot by Zn treatment was genotype-dependent.

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Disease responses of hexaploid spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) culms exhibiting premature senescence (dead heads) associated with Fusarium pseudograminearum crown rot

10.1101/2020.05.13.094979 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

N. L. Knight ◽

B. Macdonald ◽

C. Percy ◽

M. W. Sutherland

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Fusarium Pseudograminearum ◽

Disease States ◽

South Wales ◽

Commercial Cultivars ◽

Dry Conditions ◽

Timing Of Initiation ◽

Rot Disease

AbstractHexaploid spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) may exhibit significant crown rot disease responses to infection by Fusarium pseudograminearum, with a range of susceptibility levels available in commercial cultivars. Dry conditions during grain-fill may lead to the expression of prematurely senescing culms, which typically fail to set grain. Assessment of hexaploid spring wheat plants exhibiting both non-senescent and prematurely senescent culms was performed using visual discolouration, Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass, vascular colonisation and quantification of wheat DNA in culm sections sampled at three different heights above the crown and at the peduncle. A comparison of these parameters at four time points from milk development, when senescent culms are first observed, to maturity was conducted. Samples from six commercial cultivars were collected in 2014 from Narrabri and Tamworth, New South Wales and Wellcamp, Queensland. Prematurely senescent culms exhibited greater visual discolouration, Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass and vascular colonisation than non-senescent culms in each cultivar. Colonisation of xylem and phloem tissue was extensive in the basal portions of prematurely senescent culms (36 to 99%), and suggests significant impacts on water and nutrient movement during crown rot disease. Maturation coincided with significant changes in Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass and vascular colonisation. Wheat DNA content varied among cultivars, culm conditions, culm sections and sampling times. The variation in the severity of disease states between culms of the same plant suggests that the timing of initiation of infection in individual culms may vary.

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Fusarium crown rot disease: biology, interactions, management and function as a possible sensor of global climate change

Ciencia e investigación agraria ◽

10.4067/s0718-16202013000200001 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 235-252 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Ernesto A Moya-Elizondo

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Global Climate Change ◽

Global Climate ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Fusarium Crown Rot ◽

Disease Biology ◽

Rot Disease ◽

And Function

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Yield Loss in Cereals, Caused by Fusarium culmorum and F. pseudograminearum, Is Related to Fungal DNA in Soil Prior to Planting, Rainfall, and Cereal Type

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-09-12-0867-re ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 97 (7) ◽

pp. 977-982 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

G. J. Hollaway ◽

M. L. Evans ◽

H. Wallwork ◽

C. B. Dyson ◽

A. C. McKay

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Fusarium Culmorum ◽

South Australia ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Wheat Bread ◽

Yield Losses

In southeastern Australia, Fusarium crown rot, caused by Fusarium culmorum or F. pseudograminearum, is an increasingly important disease of cereals. Because in-crop control options are limited, it is important for growers to know prior to planting which fields are at risk of yield loss from crown rot. Understanding the relationships between crown rot inoculum and yield loss would assist in assessing the risk of yield loss from crown rot in fields prior to planting. Thirty-five data sets from crown rot management experiments conducted in the states of South Australia and Victoria during the years 2005 to 2010 were examined. Relationships between Fusarium spp. DNA concentrations (inoculum) in soil samples taken prior to planting and disease development and grain yield were evaluated in seasons with contrasting seasonal rainfall. F. culmorum and F. pseudograminearum DNA concentrations in soil prior to planting were found to be positively related to crown rot expression (stem browning and whiteheads) and negatively related to grain yield of durum wheat, bread wheat, and barley. Losses from crown rot were greatest when rainfall during September and October (crop maturation) was below the long-term average. Losses from crown rot were greater in durum wheat than bread wheat and least in barley. Yield losses from F. pseudograminearum were similar to yield losses from F. culmorum. Yield loss patterns were consistent across experiments and between states; therefore, it is reasonable to expect that similar relationships will occur over broad geographic areas. This suggests that quantitative polymerase chain reaction technology and soil sampling could be powerful tools for assessing crown rot inoculum concentrations prior to planting and predicting the risk of yield loss from crown rot wherever this disease is an issue.

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Deoxynivalenol Detoxification in Transgenic Wheat Confers Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight and Crown Rot Diseases

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-06-18-0155-r ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 583-592 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Giulia Mandalà ◽

Silvio Tundo ◽

Sara Francesconi ◽

Federica Gevi ◽

Lello Zolla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transgenic Plants ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Virulence Factor ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Uridine Diphosphate ◽

Head Blight ◽

Principal Mechanism

Fusarium diseases, including Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Fusarium crown rot (FCR), reduce crop yield and grain quality and are major agricultural problems worldwide. These diseases also affect food safety through fungal production of hazardous mycotoxins. Among these, deoxynivalenol (DON) acts as a virulence factor during pathogenesis on wheat. The principal mechanism underlying plant tolerance to DON is glycosylation by specific uridine diphosphate–dependent glucosyltransferases (UGTs), through which DON-3-β-d-glucoside (D3G) is produced. In this work, we tested whether DON detoxification by UGT could confer to wheat a broad-spectrum resistance against Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum. These widespread Fusarium species affect different plant organs and developmental stages in the course of FHB and FCR. To assess DON-detoxification potential, we produced transgenic durum wheat plants constitutively expressing the barley HvUGT13248 and bread wheat plants expressing the same transgene in flower tissues. When challenged with F. graminearum, FHB symptoms were reduced in both types of transgenic plants, particularly during early to mid-infection stages of the infection progress. The transgenic durum wheat displayed much greater DON-to-D3G conversion ability and a considerable decrease of total DON+D3G content in flour extracts. The transgenic bread wheat exhibited a UGT dose–dependent efficacy of DON detoxification. In addition, we showed, for the first time, that DON detoxification limits FCR caused by F. culmorum. FCR symptoms were reduced throughout the experiment by nearly 50% in seedlings of transgenic plants constitutively expressing HvUGT13248. Our results demonstrate that limiting the effect of the virulence factor DON via in planta glycosylation restrains FHB and FCR development. Therefore, ability for DON detoxification can be a trait of interest for wheat breeding targeting FHB and FCR resistance.

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