scholarly journals Disease responses of hexaploid spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) culms exhibiting premature senescence (dead heads) associated with Fusarium pseudograminearum crown rot

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. Knight ◽  
B. Macdonald ◽  
C. Percy ◽  
M. W. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Fusarium Pseudograminearum ◽  
Disease States ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Timing Of Initiation ◽  
Rot Disease

AbstractHexaploid spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) may exhibit significant crown rot disease responses to infection by Fusarium pseudograminearum, with a range of susceptibility levels available in commercial cultivars. Dry conditions during grain-fill may lead to the expression of prematurely senescing culms, which typically fail to set grain. Assessment of hexaploid spring wheat plants exhibiting both non-senescent and prematurely senescent culms was performed using visual discolouration, Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass, vascular colonisation and quantification of wheat DNA in culm sections sampled at three different heights above the crown and at the peduncle. A comparison of these parameters at four time points from milk development, when senescent culms are first observed, to maturity was conducted. Samples from six commercial cultivars were collected in 2014 from Narrabri and Tamworth, New South Wales and Wellcamp, Queensland. Prematurely senescent culms exhibited greater visual discolouration, Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass and vascular colonisation than non-senescent culms in each cultivar. Colonisation of xylem and phloem tissue was extensive in the basal portions of prematurely senescent culms (36 to 99%), and suggests significant impacts on water and nutrient movement during crown rot disease. Maturation coincided with significant changes in Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass and vascular colonisation. Wheat DNA content varied among cultivars, culm conditions, culm sections and sampling times. The variation in the severity of disease states between culms of the same plant suggests that the timing of initiation of infection in individual culms may vary.

Different Tolerance in Bread Wheat, Durum Wheat and Barley to Fusarium Crown Rot Disease Caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum

2012 ◽  
Vol 160 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 412-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaxi Liu ◽  
Jun Ma ◽  
Wei Yan ◽  
Guijun Yan ◽  
Meixue Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot ◽  
Fusarium Pseudograminearum ◽  
Rot Disease

scholarly journals Pyramiding QTL increases seedling resistance to crown rot (Fusarium pseudograminearum) of wheat (Triticum aestivum)

2010 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Bovill ◽  
M. Horne ◽  
D. Herde ◽  
M. Davis ◽  
G. B. Wildermuth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Fusarium Pseudograminearum

A role for the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in stem colonisation during crown rot disease of wheat caused by Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium pseudograminearum

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 73-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka M. Mudge ◽  
Ruth Dill-Macky ◽  
Yanhong Dong ◽  
Donald M. Gardiner ◽  
Rosemary G. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Fusarium Pseudograminearum ◽  
Rot Disease

A megabirnavirus alleviates the pathogenicity of Fusarium pseudograminearum to wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Xie ◽  
Zhifang Wang ◽  
Ke Li ◽  
Dongwei Liu ◽  
Yifan Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Early Infection ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Colony Morphology ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Fusarium Pseudograminearum ◽  
Hypovirulent Strain ◽  
Rot Disease

Fusarium pseudograminearum is a phytopathogen that causes wheat crown rot disease worldwide. Fusarium pseudograminearum megabirnavirus 1 (FpgMBV1) was isolated from the hypovirulent strain FC136-2A of F. pseudograminearum as a novel dsRNA mycovirus belonging to the family Megabirnaviridae. Here we examined the effects of FpgMBV1 on colony morphology and pathogenicity of F. pseudograminearum. Through hyphal tip culture, we obtained virus-free progeny of strain FC136-2A, referred to as FC136-2A-V-.FpgMBV1 was transferred horizontally to another virus-free strain, WZ-8A-HygR-V-. The progeny that obtained through horizontal transfer was referred to as WZ-8A-HygR-V+. Colony morphology was similar between the FpgMBV1-positive and -negative strains. The ability to penetrate cellophane in vitro was lost and pathogenicity on wheat plants was reduced significantly in the FpgMBV1-positive strains relative to the FpgMBV1-negative strains. Microscopic observations showed a 6-h delay in the formation of appressoria-like structures in FC136-2A relative to FC136-2A-V-. And mycelium extension was significantly longer in wheat coleoptiles infected by WZ-8A-HygR-V- than in that infected by WZ-8A-HygR-V+ at 12 and 20 hours after inoculation (HAI). In addition, expression of five genes that encode cell wall-degrading enzymes differed significantly between FpgMBV1-positive and -negative strains at 12 and 20 HAI during early infection of wheat cells by conidia. This study provides evidence for the hypovirulence effect of FpgMBV1 on F. pseudograminearum and suggests that the underlying mechanism involves unsuccessful early infection and perhaps cell wall degradation.

scholarly journals FpgMBV1 Alleviates The Pathogenicity of Fusarium Pseudograminearum to Wheat Plants: A Megabirnavirus Case Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Xie ◽  
Zhifang Wang ◽  
Ke Li ◽  
Dongwei Liu ◽  
Yifan Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Fusarium Pseudograminearum ◽  
Virulent Virus ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Hyphal Tip

Abstract Background: Fusarium pseudograminearum is the predomenant causal agent of devastating crown rot diseases in cereal crops around the world. Mycoviruses have attracted increasing attention as potential biological control agents on plant diseases. The unique mycoviruse isolated from F. pseudograminearum is Fusarium pseudograminearum megabirnavirus 1 (FpgMBV1), which is a new member of the family Megabirnaviridae. To determine the hypovirulence effects of FpgMBV1 on F. pseudograminearum to wheat plants is critical for the potential application of FpgMBV1 in the control of cereal crown rot disease. Methods: Hyphal tip cultures were conducted to obtain a FpgMBV1-free strain, named as FC136-2A-V－. A hyg gene was transformed into a highly virulent virus-negative stain WZ-8A of F. pseudograminearum to obtain the deduced strain WZ-8A-HygR-V－. WZ-8A-HygR-V－ was used in pairing culture with the FpgMBV1-carrying F. pseudograminearum strain FC136-2A to obtain a FpgMBV1-positive strain WZ-8A-HygR-V+. Then the two pairs of strains, FC136-2A-V－/FC136-2A and WZ-8A-HygR-V－/WZ-8A-HygR-V+, were used to determine the potential effect on F. pseudograminearum by the infection of FpgMBV1 through tests on the growth, sensitivity to stress and cellophane penetrating ability in vitro and the pathogenicity to wheat plants.Results: FpgMBV1 could be cured by hyphal tip culture and horizontally transferred between F. pseudograminearum strains through pairing culture. Reduction of FpgMBV1-carrying strains on hyphal growth were found under the treatment of 0.5% SDS. No differences in the growth rates of tested strains in the treatments with 1 M NaCl, 1 M KCl, or 15 mM H2O2. Comparing to virus-negative strains, the In vitro cellophane penetrating ability was lost in FpgMBV1-carrying strains. The disease index of wheat plants inoculated with FC136-2A-V- was significantly higher than that inoculated with FC136-2A, while the pathogenicity of WZ-8A-HygR-V+ reduced significantly comparing to that of WZ-8A-HygR-V－.Conclusions: FpgMBV1 is the causal agent of the low pathogenicity to wheat plants of its original host F. pseudograminearum strain FC136-2A. And FpgMBV1 could be horizontally transferred to another F. pseudograminearum strain and reduce its pathogenicity to wheat plants.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Khorasan (Triticum turgidum ssp. turanicum) and Modern Kabot Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Varieties by UAV and Sensor Technologies under Different Soil Tillage

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1348
Author(s):  
Kristýna Balážová ◽  
Jan Chyba ◽  
Jitka Kumhálová ◽  
Jiří Mašek ◽  
Stanislav Petrásek
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Thermal Cameras

Khorasan wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. turanicum (Jakubz.)) is an ancient tetraploid spring wheat variety originating from northeast parts of Central Asia. This variety can serve as a full-fledged alternative to modern wheat but has a lower yield than modern varieties. It is commonly known that wheat growth is influenced by soil tillage technology (among other things). However, it is not known how soil tillage technology affects ancient varieties. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different soil tillage technologies on the growth of the ancient Khorasan wheat variety in comparison to the modern Kabot spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) variety. The trial was arranged in six small plots, one half of which was sown by the Khorasan wheat variety and the other half of which was sown by the Kabot wheat variety. Three soil tillage methods were used for each cultivar: conventional tillage (CT) (20–25 cm), minimum tillage (MTC) with a coulter cultivator (15 cm), and minimization tillage (MTD) with a disc cultivator (12 cm). The soil surface of all of the variants were leveled after tillage (harrows & levelling bars). An unmanned aerial vehicle with multispectral and thermal cameras was used to monitor growth during the vegetation season. The flight missions were supplemented by measurements using the GreenSeeker hand-held sensor and plant and soil analysis. The results showed that the Khorasan ancient wheat was better suited the conditions of conventional tillage, with low values of bulk density and highvalues of total soil porosity, which generally increased the nutritional value of the yield in this experimental plot. At the same time, it was found that this ancient wheat does not deplete the soil. The results also showed that the trend of developmental growing curves derived from different sensors was very similar regardless of measurement method. The sensors used in this study can be good indicators of micronutrient content in the plant as well as in the grains. A low-cost RGB camera can provide relevant results, especially in cases where equipment that is more accurate is not available.

scholarly journals Investigating the Impact of Root-Lesion Nematodes (Pratylenchus thornei) and Crown Rot (Fusarium pseudograminearum) on Diverse Cereal Cultivars in a Conservation Farming System

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 867
Author(s):  
John P. Thompson ◽  
Timothy G. Clewett
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Fusarium Pseudograminearum ◽  
Conservation Farming ◽  
Pratylenchus Thornei ◽  
Fourth Experiment ◽  
The Impact

In two experiments on a farm practicing conservation agriculture, the grain yield of a range of wheat cultivars was significantly (p < 0.001) negatively related to the post-harvest population densities of Pratylenchus thornei in the soil profile to 45 cm depth. In a third and fourth experiment with different rotations, methyl bromide fumigation significantly (p < 0.05) decreased (a) a low initial population density of P. thornei in the soil profile to 90 cm depth and (b) a high initial population of P. thornei to 45 cm depth, and a medium level of the crown rot fungus, Fusarium pseudograminearum, at 0–15 cm depth to a low level. For a range of wheat and durum cultivars, grain yield and response to fumigation were highly significantly (p < 0.001) related to (a) the P. thornei tolerance index of the cultivars in the third experiment, and (b) to both the P. thornei tolerance index and the crown rot resistance index in the fourth experiment. In the latter, grain yield was significantly (p < 0.001) positively related to biomass at anthesis and negatively related to percentage whiteheads at grain fill growth stage. One barley cultivar was more tolerant to both diseases than the wheat and durum cultivars. Crop rotation, utilizing crop cultivars resistant and tolerant to both P. thornei and F. pseudograminearum, is key to success for conservation farming in this region.

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