Phylogeny of Alpinia coriandriodora D. Fang and Implications for Character Evolution and Conservation

AbstractDinophyte evolution is essentially inferred from the pattern of thecal plates, and two different labelling systems are used for the important subgroups Gonyaulacales and Peridiniales. The partiform hypotheca of cladopyxidoid dinophytes fits into the morphological concepts of neither group, although they are assigned to the Gonyaulacales. Here, we describe the thecate dinophyte Fensomea setacea, gen. & sp. nov., which has a cladopyxidoid tabulation. The cells displayed a Kofoidean plate formula APC, 3′, 4a, 7″, 7C, 6S, 6′′′, 2′′′′, and slender processes were randomly distributed over the echinate or baculate surface. In addition, we obtained rRNA sequences of F. setacea, gen. & sp. nov., but dinophytes that exhibit a partiform hypotheca did not show a close relationship to Gonyaulacales. Character evolution of thecate dinophytes may have progressed from the ancestral state of six postcingular plates, and two more or less symmetrically arranged antapical plates, towards patterns of only five postcingular plates (Peridiniales) or more asymmetrical configurations (Gonyaulacales). Based on our phylogenetic reconsiderations the contact between the posterior sulcal plate and the first postcingular plate, as well as the contact between an antapical plate and the distalmost postcingular plate, do not represent a rare, specialized gonyaulacoid plate configuration (i.e., the partiform hypotheca of cladopyxidoid dinophytes). Instead, these contacts correspond to the common and regular configuration of peridinioid (and other) dinophytes.

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A new species of Sclerocephalus with a fully ossified endocranium gives insight into braincase evolution in temnospondyls

Journal of Paleontology ◽

10.1017/jpa.2021.51 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Rainer R. Schoch ◽

Gabriela Sobral

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Character Evolution ◽

Late Paleozoic ◽

New Taxon ◽

Early Permian ◽

Top Predator ◽

Central European ◽

Wide Range ◽

A New Species ◽

Insight Into

Abstract The late Paleozoic temnospondyl Sclerocephalus formed an aquatic top predator in various central European lakes of the late Carboniferous and early Permian. Despite hundreds of specimens spanning a wide range of sizes, knowledge of the endocranium (braincase and palatoquadrate) remained very insufficient in Sclerocephalus and other stereospondylomorphs because even large skulls had unossified endocrania. A new specimen from a stratigraphically ancient deposit at St. Wendel in southwestern Germany is recognized as representing a new taxon, S. concordiae new species, and reveals a completely ossified endocranium. The sphenethmoid was completely ossified from the basisphenoid to the anterior ethmoid region, co-ossified with the parasphenoid, and the basipterygoid joint was fully established. The pterygoid bears a slender, S-shaped epipterygoid, which formed a robust pillar lateral to the braincase. The massive stapes was firmly sutured to the parasphenoid. In the temnospondyl endocranium, character evolution involved various changes in the epipterygoid region, which evolved distinct morphologies in each of the major clades. UUID: http://zoobank.org/5e6d2078-eacf-4467-84cf-a12efcae7c0b

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Phylogeny and Character Evolution of Hoffmannseggia (Caesalpinieae: Caesalpinioideae: Leguminosae)

Systematic Botany ◽

10.1600/0363644042451044 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 933-946 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Beryl B. Simpson ◽

Jennifer A. Tate ◽

Andrea Weeks

Keyword(s):

Character Evolution

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A diverse assemblage of Permian echinoids (Echinodermata, Echinoidea) and implications for character evolution in early crown group echinoids

Journal of Paleontology ◽

10.1017/jpa.2016.158 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 91 (4) ◽

pp. 767-780 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jeffrey R. Thompson ◽

Elizabeth Petsios ◽

David J. Bottjer

Keyword(s):

New Taxa ◽

Character Evolution ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

Crown Group ◽

West Texas ◽

Stem Group

AbstractThe Permian is regarded as one of the most crucial intervals during echinoid evolution because crown group echinoids are first widely known from the Permian. New faunas provide important information regarding the diversity of echinoids during this significant interval as well as the morphological characterization of the earliest crown group and latest stem group echinoids. A new fauna from the Capitanian Lamar Member of the Bell Canyon Formation in the Guadalupe Mountains of West Texas comprises at least three new taxa, includingEotiaris guadalupensisThompson n. sp. an indeterminate archaeocidarid, andPronechinus? sp. All specimens represented are silicified and known from disarticulated or semiarticulated interambulacral and ambulacral plates and spines. This assemblage is one of the most diverse echinoid assemblages known from the Permian and, as such, informs the paleoecological setting in which the earliest crown group echinoids lived. This new fauna indicates that crown group echinoids occupied the same environments as stem group echinoids of the Archaeocidaridae and Proterocidaridae. Furthermore, the echinoids described herein begin to elucidate the order of character transitions that likely took place between stem group and crown group echinoids. At least one of the morphological innovations once thought to be characteristic of early crown group echinoids, crenulate tubercles, was in fact widespread in a number of stem group taxa from the Permian as well. Crenulate tubercles are reported from two taxa, and putative cidaroid style U-shaped teeth are present in the fauna. The presence of crenulate tubercles in the archaeocidarid indicates that crenulate tubercles were present in stem group echinoids, and thus the evolution of this character likely preceded the evolution of many of the synapomorphies that define the echinoid crown group.

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The systematics of Raspailiidae (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida: Microcionina) re-analysed with a ribosomal marker

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315407058201 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 87 (6) ◽

pp. 1571-1576 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Dirk Erpenbeck ◽

Sue List-Armitage ◽

Belinda Alvarez ◽

Bernard M. Degnan ◽

Gert Wörheide ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Tree ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Character Evolution ◽

28S Rdna ◽

The Other ◽

Data Set ◽

Rdna Gene ◽

Insight Into

We present a 28S rDNA gene tree of selected Raspailiidae, Axinellidae and other demosponges to obtain insight into raspailiid phylogeny and character evolution. The Raspailiidae in our data set cluster in a well-supported clade, distinguished from Axinellidae, Agelasida and Hadromerida. Raspailia (s.s.), Eurypon, Sollasella, Aulospongus and Ectyoplasia form a Raspailiidae clade. Some Raspailia subgenera, in particular R. (Parasyringella), are not retrieved monophyletically. Trikentrion falls into the Thrinacophorinae, and not the Cyamoninae as earlier hypothesized. The axinellid genera Ptilocaulis and Reniochalina also cluster with Raspailiidae, distant from the other Axinellidae. The suitability of particular morphological characters for raspailiid phylogeny is discussed.

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Phylogenetic relationships and character evolution analysis of Saxifragales using a supermatrix approach

American Journal of Botany ◽

10.3732/ajb.1300044 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 100 (5) ◽

pp. 916-929 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

D. E. Soltis ◽

M. E. Mort ◽

M. Latvis ◽

E. V. Mavrodiev ◽

B. C. O'Meara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Character Evolution ◽

Evolution Analysis

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Phylogenetic Analysis of Wing Feather Taxis in Birds: Macroevolutionary Patterns of Genetic Drift?

The Auk ◽

10.1093/auk/119.4.943 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 119 (4) ◽

pp. 943-954 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kimberly S. Bostwick ◽

Matthew J. Brady

Keyword(s):

Genetic Drift ◽

Dna Hybridization ◽

Character Evolution ◽

Adaptive Function ◽

Ecological Traits ◽

Wing Feather ◽

The Family ◽

Tree Length ◽

Preliminary Consideration ◽

Selective Regime

Abstract Most recent research on character evolution attempts to identify either (1) homology or homoplasy (systematic use of the term character), or (2) the adaptive function or selective regime underlying the origin of a character (“adaptationist” use of the term character). There have been relatively few serious considerations or examples of neutral character evolution above the molecular level. Wing feather taxis in birds, the presence or absence of the fifth secondary feather, provides an intriguing possible example of nonadaptive character evolution. We examine the phylogenetic pattern of wing feather taxis among birds to (1) determine its polarity in modern birds (Neornithes), (2) hypothesize the frequency and taxonomic locations of changes in the taxic state, (3) test whether taxis is relatively labile or inert phylogenetically, and (4) allow preliminary consideration of whether adaptive or selectively neutral processes have produced those patterns. Minimum tree length necessary to explain the distribution of wing feather taxis was calculated at the family level using Sibley and Ahlquist's DNA–DNA hybridization tree (1990). Parsimony analysis indicates that the eutaxic condition (fifth secondary present) is ancestral in modern birds, and that diastataxy (fifth secondary absent) has originated independently at least 7 times and reversed to the eutaxic condition on at least 13 occasions within modern birds. Despite multiple independent origins and reversals, wing feather taxis is extremely conserved throughout the tree, such that one or the other state completely characterizes many large multiordinal or multifamilial clades. Lack of obvious correlations with morphological and ecological traits suggest that no single adaptive scenario will explain the evolution of wing feather taxis. Instead, the biological details and phylogenetic patterns make nonadaptive, or selectively neutral evolutionary processes, such as genetic drift, an equally if not more plausible explanation for the distribution of wing feather taxis.

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The systematics of Porphyra: character evolution in closely related species

Hydrobiologia ◽

10.1007/bf00049014 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 260-261 (1) ◽

pp. 151-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Sandra C. Lindstrom ◽

Kathleen M. Cole

Keyword(s):

Related Species ◽

Character Evolution ◽

Closely Related Species

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