Some Side Effects of Ketamine Hydrochloride During Ophthalmologic Examination

The effects of analgesic and anaesthetic drugs on high epidural analgesia in Black Bengal goats were investigated. The animals were divided into five groups (n=8) and a replication of 8 trials was performed in each group at least one week interval. Two percent (2%) lidocaine hydrochloride, 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride, 2% lidocaine hydrochloride with adrenaline, ketamine hydrochloride and diazepam were administered into lumbo-sacral (high epidural) space for high epidural analgesia. Bupivacaine hydrochloride significantly (P < 0.05) decreased respiration rates, rectal temperature, however, increased heart rates during high epidural analgesia with prolonged analgesia compared to other drugs. Lidocaine hydrochloride showed a rapid onset and excellent analgesia and did not produce any side effects whereas, diazepam exhibited delay onset with short duration of analgesia. It seems that 2% lidocaine hydrochloride is effective for high epidural analgesia in goats. Key words: Analgesics, anaesthetics, high epidural analgesia, goats DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v6i1.1347 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (1): 103-106

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Gastric Ulcers Produced by Cisplatin

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100099337 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. 582-583

Author(s):

S.K. Aggarwal ◽

J. San Antonio

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Single Dose ◽

Side Effects ◽

Antitumor Agent ◽

Gastric Ulcers ◽

Enzyme Cytochemistry ◽

Intestinal Toxicity ◽

Ovarian Cancers ◽

Inner Surface

Cisplatin (cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II)) a potent antitumor agent is now available for the treatment of testicular and ovarian cancers. It is however, not free from its serious side effects including nephrotoxicity, gastro intestinal toxicity, myelosuppression, and ototoxicity. Here we now report that the drug produces peculiar bloating of the stomach in rats and induces acute ulceration.Wistar-derived rats weighing 200-250 g were administered cisplatin(9 mg/kg) ip as a single dose in 0.15 M NaCl. After 3 days the animals were sacrificed by decapitation. The stomachs were removed, the contents analyzed for pepsin and acidity. The inner surface was examined with a dissecting microscope after a moderate stretching for ulcers. Affected areas were fixed and processed for routine electron microscopy and enzyme cytochemistry.The drug treated animals kept on food and water consistently showed bloating and lesions (Fig. 1) with a frequency of 6-70 ulcers in the rumen section of the stomachs.

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Effects of cisplatin treatment on the rat neurohypophysis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100142256 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 122-123

Author(s):

J.M. Fadool ◽

P.J. Boyer ◽

S.K. Aggarwal

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Urine Output ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Antineoplastic Drugs

Cisplatin (CDDP) is currently one of the most valuable antineoplastic drugs available. However, it has severe toxic side effects of which nephrotoxicity is the major dose limiting factor in its use. It induces morphological changes in the kidney with hampered urine output. The present study is an effort to determine the influence of the drug on the neurohypophysis for any antidiuretic effects on the kidney.

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Severe Drooling and Treatment With Botulinum Toxin

Perspectives on Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia) ◽

10.1044/sasd21.1.15 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 15-21

Author(s):

Merete Bakke ◽

Allan Bardow ◽

Eigild Møller

Keyword(s):

Botulinum Toxin ◽

Side Effects ◽

Health Risk ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Clinical Evidence ◽

Acetylcholine Release ◽

Psychosocial Problems ◽

Rate Reduction ◽

Local Inhibition ◽

Surgical Treatments

Severe drooling is associated with discomfort and psychosocial problems and may constitute a health risk. A variety of different surgical and non-surgical treatments have been used to diminish drooling, some of them with little or uncertain effect and others more effective but irreversible or with side effects. Based on clinical evidence, injection with botulinum toxin (BTX) into the parotid and submandibular glands is a useful treatment option, because it is local, reversible, and with few side effects, although it has to be repeated. The mechanism of BTX is a local inhibition of acetylcholine release, which diminishes receptor-coupled secretion and results in a flow rate reduction of 25–50% for 2–7 months.

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