The Time Has Come for Refractive Surgery to Be Included in the Fight Against Global Visual Impairment Due to Uncorrected Refractive Error

2022 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-8
Author(s):  
Dan Z. Reinstein
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Refractive Surgery ◽  
Uncorrected Refractive Error

Common age-related eye diseases and visual impairment

2017 ◽  
pp. 1165-1170
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Chua ◽  
Ching-Yu Cheng ◽  
Tien Yin Wong
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Eye Disorders ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Uncorrected Refractive Error

General physicians have an essential role in preventing vision loss in older people. However, most vision-threatening eye disorders are initially asymptomatic and often go underdiagnosed. Therefore screening, early detection, and timely intervention are important in their management. The most common cause of visual impairment is uncorrected or undercorrected refractive error, followed by cataract, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy. Spectacles and cataract surgery can successfully restore sight for uncorrected refractive error and cataract, respectively. Visual impairment as a result of age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy can be prevented with appropriate treatment if they are identified early enough. This chapter provides an overview of common age-related eye disease and visual impairment.

scholarly journals Prevalence and causes of visual impairment and blindness in three ecological regions of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan Krishna Shrestha ◽  
Sunjuri Zhi Yu Sun ◽  
Ben Limbu ◽  
Manish Poudel ◽  
Shankar Prasad Khanal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intensive Training ◽  
Ecological Regions ◽  
Uncorrected Refractive Error

Abstract Background: Visual impairment and blindness are significant public health issues worldwide. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and causes of moderate to severe visual impairment (MSVI) and blindness in people aged 15 years and above across three ecological regions of Nepal. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in one district in each of the three ecological regions of Nepal. Intensive training was provided to health workers on how to conduct door-to-door enumeration, visual acuity testing and referral when indicated for comprehensive ocular examination by technicians and ophthalmologists to diagnose and treat ocular morbidities. Collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) v19.0 and Stata v10.0 software. Results: Altogether 5234 participants were enrolled in the study (participation rate 96.4%). The overall prevalence of MSVI was 9.5% (95% CI = 8.7 - 10.3) which was 4.7% in the Mountain district, 11.2% in the Hill district and 21.2% in the Tarai district. In those aged 15-49 years MSVI prevalence was 1.5% and in those aged ≥50 it was 25.1%. The overall prevalence of blindness was 0.9% (95% CI=0.6-1.2), and the prevalence of blindness in the 15-49 and ≥50 age groups was 0.2% and 2.3% respectively. Most cases of visual impairment and blindness (95.5%) were due to cataract and uncorrected refractive error. Overall, cataract was the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness (53.5%), followed by uncorrected refractive error (39.5%). Conclusion: The prevalence of visual impairment and blindness varied significantly with age, ethnicity and locality. The correction of refractive error and cataract surgery would reduce nine in ten cases of moderate to severe visual impairment and blindness. Key words: Epidemiology, Public health, visual, Optic and refraction

scholarly journals Visual impairment attributable to uncorrected refractive error and other causes in the Ghanaian youth: The University of Cape Coast Survey

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Abokyi ◽  
Alex Ilechie ◽  
Peter Nsiah ◽  
Charles Darko-Takyi ◽  
Emmanuel Kwasi Abu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Cape Coast ◽  
The University ◽  
Uncorrected Refractive Error

Frequency, Course, and Impact of Correctable Visual Impairment (Uncorrected Refractive Error)

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 539-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Schneider ◽  
Stephen R. Leeder ◽  
Bamini Gopinath ◽  
Jie Jin Wang ◽  
Paul Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Uncorrected Refractive Error

scholarly journals Parents’ Awareness of and Perspectives on Childhood Refractive Error and Spectacle Wear in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waleed M Alghamdi ◽  
Saif H Alrasheed
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Parental Attitudes ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Eye Care ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Uncorrected Refractive Error

Objectives: This study aimed to assess parents’ awareness of and perspectives on childhood refractive error in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional study included parents from different regions of Saudi Arabia was conducted between October and November 2020 and included 358 parents. Data were collected using an online questionnaire that involved questions to assess parents’ knowledge and perceptions of childhood refractive error and spectacle wear. Results: A total of 358 completed questionnaires were obtained in this study with a response rate of 85%. Almost 38.3% of parents reported that they had never heard of refractive error. One-third (33.7%) mentioned that uncorrected refractive error did not lead to visual impairment. The majority (74.0%) cited using eyeglasses as an effective way to manage childhood refractive error. Two-thirds (63.7%) stated that they did not receive any information about paediatric eye care. Better knowledge was associated with having a higher educational level, being female, and having an older age (p˂0.001, p=0.008, and p=0.024 respectively). Regarding parents' perspective on spectacle wear, almost 13.7% felt that using eyeglasses affected their children's chances of learning. However, 82.7% supposed that eyeglasses did not affect their children's employment opportunities. Approximately 22.1% thought that using eyeglasses would decrease the eyes power resulting in childhood visual impairment. Conclusion: The level of awareness and perceptions of childhood refractive error and spectacle wear was low among parents. Therefore, a policy is needed to improve the awareness and perception of key stakeholders such as parents and teachers.  In turn such an improvement could play a crucial role in addressing the poor knowledge and bad perception of treatment for childhood refractive error. Keywords: Childhood visual impairment; spectacle wear; parental attitudes; refractive error; paediatric eye care; psychological effect; vision care; Spectacle compliance.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Causes of Visual Impairment and Blindness in Three Ecological Regions of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
Mohan Krishna Shrestha ◽  
Sunjuri Sun ◽  
Ben Limbu ◽  
Manish Paudel ◽  
Shankar Khanal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intensive Training ◽  
Ecological Regions ◽  
Uncorrected Refractive Error

Introduction: Visual impairment and blindness are significant public health issues worldwide. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and causes of moderate to severe visual impairment (MSVI) and blindness in people aged 15 years and above across three ecological regions of Nepal. Materials and methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in one district in each of the three ecological regions of Nepal. Number of participants from each region was distributed as per the prevalence findings of pilot study, with 2815 participants enrolled in Dolakha, 1509 in Dhading and 910 in Sarlahi. Intensive training was provided to health workers on how to conduct door-to-door enumeration, visual acuity testing and referral when indicated for comprehensive ocular examination by technicians and ophthalmologists to diagnose and treat ocular morbidities. Collected data were analyzed using standard software. For categorical data, frequency, percentage and 95% CI were calculated and statistical tests were done using Chi-square/Fisher exact test. Results: Altogether 5234 participants were enrolled in the study (participation rate 96.4%). The overall prevalence of MSVI was 9.5% (495). It was 4.7% (133) in the mountainous region, 11.2% (169) in the Hill and 21.2% (193) in the Tarai. In those aged 15-49 years, MSVI prevalence was 1.5% (52) and 25.1% (433) in ≥50 years. The overall prevalence of blindness was 0.9% (47). It was 0.2% (6) in 15-49 and 2.3% (41) in ≥50 age groups. More than 95% visual impairment and blindness were due to cataract and uncorrected refractive error. Cataract was the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness (290, 53.5%), followed by uncorrected refractive error. Conclusion: The prevalence of visual impairment and blindness varied significantly with age, ethnicity and locality. The management of uncorrected refractive error and operable cataract would reduce nine in ten cases of moderate to severe visual impairment and blindness.

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Causes of Visual Impairment among Children in Kenya – The Kenya Eye Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadrack Muma ◽  
Stephen Obonyo
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Uncorrected Refractive Error

Abstract Background: Visual impairment is the partial or complete loss of vision and it is attributed to uncorrected refractive error. In Kenya, little attention has been directed towards children vision and causes of visual impairment. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the prevalence and causes of visual impairment in the children population of Kenya.Methods: This cross-sectional population-based study included 3400 (1800, 52.9% female) randomly selected children with a mean age of 12 ± 2 years (range 5–16 years). Visual acuity was taken using Snellens chart at 6 meters. Anterior and posterior segment was assessed using slit lamp and indirect ophthalmoscope. The World Health Organization definition formed the baseline for calculating the mean prevalence of visual impairment.Results: Visual acuity measurements were available for 3240 (95.3%) participants. The mean prevalence of visual impairment, based on pin-hole value, using World Health Organization definition, was 1.7 ± 0.3%. The prevalence of visual impairment, based on presenting visual acuity value, was 2.4 ± 0.7%, using the World Health Organization definition. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the presence of visual impairment on pin-hole, according to World Health Organization definition increased significantly with increasing age (odds ratio 1.230, P=.021) and increased uncorrected refractive error (odds ratio 0.834, P = .032). Cases of uncorrected refractive error remained the main cause for presenting visual impairment. Causes of visual impairment due to presenting visual acuity were nystagmus (14%), amblyopia (24%) and uncorrected refractive error (62%).Conclusion: The prevalence of visual impairment in Kenya is associated with age. Uncorrected refractive error remains the major causes of visual impairment.

Common age-related eye diseases and visual impairment

2017 ◽  
pp. 1165-1170
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Chua ◽  
Ching-Yu Cheng ◽  
Tien Yin Wong
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Eye Disorders ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Uncorrected Refractive Error

General physicians have an essential role in preventing vision loss in older people. However, most vision-threatening eye disorders are initially asymptomatic and often go underdiagnosed. Therefore, screening, early detection, and timely intervention are important in their management. The most common cause of visual impairment is uncorrected or under-corrected refractive error, followed by cataract, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy. Spectacles and cataract surgery can successfully restore sight for uncorrected refractive error and cataract, respectively. Visual impairment as a result of age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy can be prevented with appropriate treatment if they are identified early enough. This chapter provides an overview of common age-related eye disease and visual impairment.

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