Trial Application of FE Simulation on Ships Collision Within the Risk Assessment on Oil Spills From Oil Tankers

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Nakai ◽  
◽  
Y Uraguchi ◽  
T Arima ◽  
S Harada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Fe Simulation ◽  
Oil Tankers

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A RISK ASSESSMENT MODEL TO COMPARE OIL SPILL RISK FOR SINGLE & DOUBLE HULLED FPSOS

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 725-731
Author(s):  
Nicholas Cavaye ◽  
Gina Waibl
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Strong Argument ◽  
Accidental Discharge ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Oil Tankers ◽  
Double Hull

ABSTRACT In recent years, following a number of high profile oil spills internationally, there has been an increased focus on improving the safety of oil tankers to prevent the environmental damage caused by oil spills. Regulations developed focus on replacing single hulled trading tankers with a double hulled configuration. However, many of the risks associated with trading tankers do not apply to Floating Production, Storage and Offloading vessels (FPSOs). The risk assessment undertaken for this report compares single with double hull FPSOs, with respect to events causing serious environmental impact. The study considers external and on-board causes of events which may cause serious oil spills including fire, explosion, accidental discharge, grounding, collision and hull failure. The risk assessment comprises a limited quantitative analysis using data from the literature and observations from experience, which are consistently applied to each of the hazardous events identified as relevant. The report also looks at the wider environmental factors associated with single versus double hull FPSOs in order to inform policy makers. The findings indicate that risk profiles of oil tankers are markedly different from FPSOs, and that there is a strong argument that overall environmental risks from a single hull FPSOs are lower than those for a double hulled F?SO. A single sided hull has potentially better structural performance; no risk of inter-hull formation of volatile explosive mixtures; delivers environmental benefits; and has simpler operational requirements than a double sided FPSO. The main advantage for using a double sided hull is the higher collision impact energy it can withstand without releasing oil into the environment.

Compulsory civil liability insurance, financial security: An integral component of compensation for ship-source oil pollution damage

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-441
Author(s):  
Pham Van Tan
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Civil Liability ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Liability Insurance ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Pollution Damage ◽  
Significant Harm ◽  
Oil Tankers

Oil pollution damage caused by oil spills at sea generally occurs on a large scale across numerous regions and countries, causing significant harm to marine ecosystems as well as worldwide economic loss. The costs are so severe in many instances that the owner of the ship responsible for the pollution cannot afford to pay compensation to those who have suffered loss. As a consequence, the need to cover oil pollution damages has given rise to compulsory liability insurance, which provides a financial guarantee against the costs of oil spills. Compulsory civil liability insurance has therefore become an indispensable part of the liability regime for owners of oil tankers and bunkers.

Challenges and Developments in Navigational Risk Assessment With Large Uncertainty

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinping Yan ◽  
Jinfen Zhang ◽  
Di Zhang ◽  
Carlos Guedes Soares
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Rule Base ◽  
Event Tree ◽  
Event Tree Analysis ◽  
General Application ◽  
The Past ◽  
Formal Safety Assessment ◽  
Belief Rule Base

Concerns have been raised to navigational safety worldwide because of the increasing throughput and the passing ships during the past decades while maritime accidents such as collisions, groundings, overturns, oil-spills and fires have occurred, causing serious consequences. Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) has been acknowledged to be a framework widely used in maritime risk assessment. Under this framework, this paper discusses certain existing challenges when an effective safety assessment is carried out under a variety of uncertainties. Some theories and methodologies are proposed to overcome the present challenges, e.g., Fault/Event Tree Analysis (FTA/ETA), Evidential Reasoning (ER), Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) and Belief Rule Base (BRB). Subsequently, three typical case studies that have been carried out in the Yangtze River are introduced to illustrate the general application of those approaches. These examples aim to demonstrate how advanced methodologies can facilitate navigational risk assessment under high uncertainties.

Oil spill risk assessment for a Single Buoy Mooring terminal in the Port of Taranto (Southern Italy)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svitlana Liubartseva ◽  
Ivan Federico ◽  
Giovanni Coppini ◽  
Rita Lecci
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Contamination Assessment ◽  
Subsea Pipeline ◽  
Oil Pipeline

<p>Being situated in a semi-enclosed Mediterranean lagoon, the Port of Taranto represents a transport, industrial and commercial hub, where the port infrastructure, a notorious steel plant, oil refinery and naval shipyards coexist with highly-dense urban zone, recreation facilities, mussel farms, and vulnerable environmental sites. A Single Buoy Mooring in the center of the Mar Grande used by tankers and subsea pipeline that takes oil directly from tanker to refinery are assumed to stay at risk of accidental oil spills, despite significant progress in technology and prevention.</p><p>The oil spill model MEDSLIK-II (http://medslik-ii.org) coupled to the high resolution Southern Adriatic Northern Ionian coastal Forecasting System (SANIFS http://sanifs.cmcc.it Federico et al., 2017) is used to model hypothetical oil spill scenarios in stochastic mode. 15,000+ hypothetical individual spills are generated from randomly selected start locations: 50% from a buoy and 50% along the subsea pipeline 2018–2020. Individual spill scenario is based on a real crude oil spill caused by a catastrophic pipeline failure happened in Genoa in April 2016 (Vairo et al., 2017). The model outputs are processed statistically to represent quantitively: (1) timing of the oil drift; (2) hazard maps in probability terms at the sea surface and on the coastline; (3) oil mass balance; (4) local-zone contamination assessment.</p><p>The simulations reveal that around 48% of the spilled oil will evaporate during the first 8 hours after the accident. Being transported by highly variable currents and waves, the rest is additionally exposed to multiply reflections from sea walls and concrete wharfs that dominate in the study area. As a result, the oil will be dispersed almost isotropically in the Mar Grande, indicating a rather moderate or small level of concentrations over the minimum threshold values (French McCay, 2016).</p><p>We have concluded that at a probability of 50%, the first oil beaching event will happen within 14 hours after the accident. The most contaminated areas are predicted on and around the nearest Port berths, on the coastlines of the urban area and on the tips of the breakwaters that frame the Mar Grande openings. The remote areas of the West Port and Mar Piccolo are expected to be the least contaminated ones.</p><p>Results are applicable to contingency planning, ecological risk assessment, cost-benefit analysis, and education.</p><p>This work is conducted in the framework of the IMPRESSIVE project (#821922) co-funded by the European Commission under the H2020 Programme.</p><p>References</p><p>Federico, I., Pinardi, N., Coppini, G., Oddo, P., Lecci, R., Mossa, M., 2017. Coastal ocean forecasting with an unstructured grid model in the southern Adriatic and northern Ionian seas. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 45–59, doi: 10.5194/nhess-17-45-2017.</p><p>French McCay, D., 2016. Potential effects thresholds for oil spill risk assessments. Proc. of the 39 AMOP Tech. Sem., Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, 285–303.</p><p>Vairo, T., Magrì, S., Qualgliati, M., Reverberi, A.P., Fabiano, B., 2017. An oil pipeline catastrophic failure: accident scenario modelling and emergency response development. Chem. Eng. Trans., 57, 373–378, doi: 10.3303/CET1757063.</p>

OIL POLLUTION RISK ASSESSMENT AND PREPAREDNESS IN THE EAST MEDITERRANEAN

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Martini ◽  
Roberto Patruno
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
East Mediterranean ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Data Set ◽  
High Risk Area

ABSTRACT The East Mediterranean is an area of high oil traffic because it is an important transit centre between Middle Eastern/Russian oil and the western European countries/USA. Recent traffic developments show that the importance of this centre is expected to increase. ITOPF and REMPEC carried out a joint risk assessment study of the area. For the purpose of this paper the “East Mediterranean” includes the Adriatic Sea and the East Mediterranean Basin; this was necessary to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the issue, as the oil traffic in the Adriatic is strictly linked with the activities occurring in the East Mediterranean basin. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that the East Mediterranean is a high risk area for oil spills. For this analysis the ITOPF oil spill data set was used (1974 to 2003). Results show that the majority of spills involving a quantity of less than 7 tonnes are operational, whereas medium and major spills result from accidents. Crude oil spills appear to have the highest occurrence in each of the spill size categories, with the highest value for major spills; the accident occurrence appears to be closely related to the import flow. A risk analysis for the East Mediterranean has been overdue, as this area is characterised by a very heterogeneous level of preparedness and response, by several sensitive areas, and a lack of active bi/tri-lateral cooperation agreements. It is concluded that the Eastern Mediterranean is a high risk area for tanker spills, and the risk is likely to increase with the predicted increases in tanker traffic.

scholarly journals Approaches and Application of Comparative Risk Assessment Concepts to Oil Spill Preparedness Planning and Response

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Linkov ◽  
Jim R. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Comparative Risk Assessment ◽  
Preparedness Planning ◽  
Benefit Evaluation ◽  
Comparative Risk ◽  
The Cost

ABSTRACT Comparative Risk Assessment (CRA) is emerging as a methodology that may be applied to facilitate decision-making when various possible activities compete for limited resources. The CRA framework may be an especially valuable tool for prioritization of remediation efforts and for making choices among various environmental policies specific to oil industry operations. This paper will show that CRA is an efficient and cost-saving tool that assists in developing oil spill response priorities based on the broadest possible range of concerns and issues important to all stakeholders. In addition, the CRA approach allows the cost/benefit evaluation of alternative environmental policies and strategies relative to the baseline risks and disruptions associated with oil spills (as well as other costs and benefits of petroleum use).

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