Legal Framework for Marine Oil Pollution from Ships in Thailand

Marine oil pollution from ships has been a constant threat to Thai waters. This article examines the domestication of the provisions of relevant international conventions to which Thailand is a party regarding the prevention, preparedness, response and compensation of claimants of marine oil pollution damage. The current Thai legal framework does not provide for adequate protection of the marine environment. Thailand has not yet become a party to many relevant international conventions and does not provide adequate compensation to victims of marine oil pollution incidents. This article provides recommendations for the improvement of the legal framework of Thailand regarding these issues.

Legal Protection of the Marine Environment from Vessel-Source Oil Pollution: Progress and Challenges in Tanzania

The United Republic of Tanzania, also called Tanzania, is a country composed of Mainland Tanzania and the islands of Zanzibar. Tanzania's domestic laws promote sustainable development of the marine environment; however, since the beginning of the 21st century, the country has been importing large quantities of oil, resulting in an increased risk of vessel-source oil pollution damage. Through a comparative analysis, this article examines the laws addressing this issue in Mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar, the progress that has been made in the legal environment and the challenges that remain, and it discusses possible solutions and improvements. The article reveals that weak implementation of domestic laws for marine environment conservation, a lack of harmonization between domestic laws regarding this issue, and weak domestication of relevant ratified international conventions are among the challenges currently hindering the sustainability of Tanzania's marine environment.

Ihtiofauna lacului de acumulare Dubăsari – compoziția, dinamica modificărilor stării cantitative și calitative

This paper represents the results of the researches of the ichthyofauna of the Dubăsari accumulation lake in successional aspect. It was found that due to the influence of anthropogenic factors in the last 5-6 decades (construction of Naslavcea and Novodnestrovsc dams, excavation of sand and river gravel from the minor riverbed, use of water for various purposes, accidental, biological and thermal pollution, damage and destruction of substrate of reproduction for lithophilic and phytophilic species, etc.) in the ichthyofauna of the middle course of the Dniester River (Naslavcea – Camenca village) and the Dubasari accumulation lake have undergone essential changes, reflecting the structural and functional status of the fish populations, the growth rate, sexual maturation, prolificacy and the annual sexual cycle. Apart from these factors that have influenced and continue to negatively influence the fishery resources in the Dubasari reservoir, the factor of their poor management also persists in the last 25 years.

Pendidikan Anak Perspektif Kosmologi Islam (Kontekstualisasi Pemikiran Sachiko Murata)

In essence, education is a basic human need, because humans are born endowed with various potentials that must be developed as provisions for living life as servants and representatives of Allah on earth. But in fact today, instead of being God's representative, humans create various chaos, both in their relationships with fellow humans—violence, brawl, bullying—and their relationship with the universe—garbage, air pollution, damage to marine ecosystems, water pollution, forest fires and so on. And the bad news is, Indonesia is included in the 5 countries with the most population in the world, so the habits of the Indonesian greatly influence world conditions. It seems that the various bad conditions that occur are the result of human actions who do not have good morals, this shows that the ongoing education system has not been able to lead humans to have the awareness that everything in the universe is related to one another, especially connection with God—or better known as Cosmology, or if it is compared to one body, when one limb is injured then the whole body feels the impact. This study aims to: 1) Know how the Islamic Cosmology Perspective of Sachiko Murata; 2) Knowing the concept of Islamic Cosmological Perspective Child Education in the contextualization of Sachiko Murata's thoughts. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, which has the primary source from Sachiko Murata's book The Tao of Islam, while the data collection technique uses literature study, and the data collected is analyzed using processing, categorization and interpretation. The results of this study are (1) God is viewed in two perspectives (duality), tanzih (incommensurability) and tasybih (likeness). To know God, Murata uses the tasybih approach. Islamic cosmology aims to emphasize tauhid (the oneness of Allah), which is depicted in the form of a triangle, encompassing God, nature and man in every corner, so that there is unity and interrelation between all realities; (2) Child education in the perspective of Islamic cosmology according to Sachiko Murata, building divine awareness that God is not only about Himself who is far from the reach of creatures, but we can see God scattered throughout the horizon and soul.

Society’s Willingness to Pay for Certified Dry Firewood Energy in Chile

Introduction: Air pollution is present in most cities in Chile due to smoke produced from firewood, as happened in many developing countries, generating various health problems among the population. This situation is especially prevalent in all cities in central and southern Chile. To mitigate it, the government implemented several measures, among which are the promotion of the use of certified dry firewood and hourly restrictions on the use of wood-burning stoves for heating according to the peak emissions of particulate matter.Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the willingness to pay for certified dry firewood as a means of reducing environmental restrictions on the use of wood-burning stoves to heat households.Materials and methods: The study used a non-market valuation, specifically contingent valuation, method using a double-bounded dichotomous choice format with the estimation of biprobit econometric models.Results: The results showed that the average individual was willing to pay 12 USD, and extrapolating that to the local population’s willingness to pay yielded an economic value of 3,415,140 USD, which to a certain extent represents the valuation of air pollution damage.Conclusion: Our results showed that people positively valued the use of dry firewood as a payment vehicle to improve air quality and thereby reduce restrictions on the use of certified dry firewood for heating. Therefore, complementary environmental policy measures should be continued to address the problem of air pollution in both the short and long term.