Assessment of ship accident risk in the east Surabaya shipping channel using formally safety assessment method

Surabaya East Shipping Channel is part of the busiest shipping lanes west of Surabaya in Indonesia after inflows in Tanjung Priok. With the navigation, channel conditions are long and narrow plus the number of flows in and out of the harbor boats is very vulnerable to accidents resulting in either the stranded sea, ship collision, or other accident types, which would harm the cruise interocular. By looking at the facts above, so it is necessary to conduct a more in-depth study of the accident risk assessment of the shipping channel east of Surabaya. This study aimed to obtain any kind of accident that has a high risk in the port of Surabaya, to know what impact may result from an accident with a high risk and gain steps that can be taken to reduce accidents in Surabaya East Shipping Channel by using Method Formal Safety Assessment (FSA). Of the six types of accidents that occur, there are three accidents with the highest risk of stranded ships, human accidents, collisions with ships dock at the time of sailing ships and dock. The impact of the third accident caused huge material losses. To reduce the risk of all three types of accidents was measured Implied Cost of Averting a Risk (ICAR), the lowest of any risk reduction options. Reduction of risk to do is impose a routine patrol and installation of signs groove ICAR ports have amounted to 234 million, giving a human rescue training vessel which has a value of 112 million ICAR and the latter is tightened harbor area with ICAR 84 million so that unauthorized parties do not enter in the harbor area.

QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT FOR COLLISIONS INVOLVING DOUBLE HULL OIL TANKERS

In recent decades, the safety of ships at sea has become a major concern of the global maritime industries. Ships are rarely subject to severe accidents during their life cycle. Collision is one of the most hazardous accidents, with potentially serious consequences such as the loss of human life, structural damage and environmental damage, especially if large tankers, LNG and/or nuclear-powered vessels are involved. This study presents a Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) for double hull oil tankers that have collided with different types of ships. The methodology used to perform the QRA is based on the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) definition of a Formal Safety Assessment (FSA). Using probabilistic approaches, ship-ship collision scenarios are randomly selected to create a representative sample of all possible scenarios. The collision frequency is then calculated for each scenario. As this is a virtual experiment, the LS-DYNA nonlinear finite element method (NLFEM) is used to predict the structural consequences of each scenario selected. In addition, the environmental consequences are estimated by calculating the size of each scenario’s oil spill. To assess the economic consequences, the property and environmental damages are calculated in terms of monetary units. The total risk is then calculated as the sum of the resultant structural and environmental damages. Exceedance curves are established that can be used to define the collision design loads in association with various design criteria.

RISK MANAGEMENT OF TERMINAL ON-SITE OPERATIONS FOR SPECIAL BULK CARGOS IN TAIWAN

The main purpose of this article was to study the risk management of terminal on-site operations for special bulk cargos in Taiwan. This study applied the concept of Formal Safety Assessment approach as the foundation of risk management assessment. At first, a total of four risk aspects with eighteen preliminary risk factors were generated from literature and experts interviews. Three methods – namely analytical hierarchy process (AHP), risk matrix model (RMM), and costs and benefit analysis (CBA) methods – were employed to perform an empirical study in Taiwan. The empirical results showed: (1) The most severe risk factor found using the AHP method was ‘failure to perform periodic machinery maintenance and examination.’ (2) Ten risk factors placed in the highest-risk area via the RMM method. (3) All risk control strategies were evaluated for applicability by using the CBA method. This study recommended that improvement and reinforcement of the staff aspect and the related risk factors for the on-site operation of special bulk cargos. Through implementation of risk control strategies, the risks of accidents can be controlled.

REGULATORY APPROACHES LEADING TO HOLISTIC IMPLEMENTATION IN A FISHING VESSEL FLEET LESS THAN 24 M IN LENGTH

Fishing is a very dangerous sea activity with a high rate of fatalities that is difficult to deal with by Maritime and Fisheries Administrations around the world. Meanwhile the Ocean Governance requires a global approach to sustainability and safety, with overarching principles governing both of them. This paper deals for the first time with the implementation of a complete methodology to assess the safety at sea, by means of a bottom-up goal based standards with safety level approach, encompassing the national regulations and using formal safety assessment as the driver in a fishing vessel fleet below 24 m in length (L). It is concluded that such methodologies are applicable, goal based regulations can be established, flexibility in the design can be provided and have the potential to be later extrapolated to holistic approaches.

FAULT TREE ANALYSIS (FTA) - FORMAL SAFETY ASSESSMENT (FSA) IN SHIP REPAIR INDUSTRY A MADE EASY APPROACH

Fault tree-Formal Safety Assessment (FT-FSA) is the premier scientific method that is currently being used for the analysis of maritime safety and for formulation of related regulatory policy. To apply FSA in this paper, all five steps are considered and critical information highlighted in each step as reviewed in the literature. A novel 15 steps approach of FT-FSA is introduced in the systematic accident scenario considered in this study as emergent phenomena from variability and interactions in shipyard (considered as a complex system).The results of this paper will be useful for guidelines and regulatory reforms in ship repair industry as demonstrated by identifying ‘fall from height in ship repair occupational hazards’ for recommendation in decision making.

OPTIMALISASI KOMPETENSI AWAK KAPAL DALAM PENERAPAN KESELAMATAN KERJA DI KAPAL LATIH FRANS KAISIEPO

Peranan awak kapal atau ABK yang bekerja di kapal agar selalu menggunakan alat-alat keselamatan pada saat kerja di dek maupun di kamar mesin guna menghindari hal-hal yang tidak diinginkan terjadi seperti kecelakaan di atas Kapal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cause and effect dengan diagram fishbone dan formal safety assessment menggunakan tahapan wawancara dan Qusioner dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan standar safety Work assessment yang direkomedasikan IMO. Penerapan prosedur keselamatan kerja di atas di Kl. Frans Kasiepo masih kurang diterapkan dalam pekerjaan oleh crew diantaranya kurangnya keterampilan atau pengetahuan tentang penerapan prosedur keselamatan kerja dan kurang adanya familiarisasi keselamatan kerja untuk crew di atas kapal. Kecelakaan kerja yang terjadi pada crew Kl. Frans Kasiepo disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor seperti, kurangnya pengalaman crew dalam bekerja di atas kapal, kurangnya kedisiplinan dan pemahaman akan penerapan prosedur keselamatan kerja. Sehingga mengkibatkan kerugian bagi crew maupun bagi Instansi.

The Development of a Bayesian Network Framework with Model Validation for Maritime Accident Risk Factor Assessment

An integrative approach to maritime accident risk factor assessment in accordance with formal safety assessment is proposed, which exploits the multifaceted capabilities of Bayesian networks (BNs) by consolidation of modelling, verification, and validation. The methodology for probabilistic modelling with BNs is well known and its application to risk assessment is based on the model verified though sensitivity analysis only, while validation of the model is often omitted due to a lack of established evaluation measures applicable to scarce real-world data. For this reason, in this work, the modified Lyapunov divergence measure is proposed as a novel quantitative assessor that can be efficiently exploited on an individual accident scenario for contributing causal factor identification, and thus can serve as the measure for validation of the developed expert elicited BN. The proposed framework and its approach are showcased for maritime grounding of small passenger ships in the Adriatic, with the complete grounding model disclosed, quantitative validation performed, and its utilization for causal factor identification and risk factor ranking presented. The data from two real-world grounding cases demonstrate the explanatory capabilities of the developed approach.

Successful First Implementation of MPD Technology Offshore Australia: Regulatory, Technical and Operational Lessons Learned

This paper details the successful first implementation of closed-loop Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) technology offshore Australia, on a 6th generation semi-submersible rig. The paper covers the process of achieving safety case acceptance to implement MPD technology from the National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environmental Management Authority (NOPSEMA), the government regulatory authority. The paper describes the project concept design phase, including a Drill Well on Simulator (DWOS) exercise, which was completed to confirm MPD techniques would mitigate problems experienced on conventionally drilled offset wells. The MPD risk assessments completed included HAZID / BOWTIE / HAZOP / FEA studies which were included in the safety case formal safety assessment that was submitted to NOPSEMA. In parallel the Well Operations Management Plan was submitted, detailing the planned MPD methodology. The detailed Well Engineering scope including the MPD Programme, Operational and Contingency Procedures and Commissioning Process was developed to form a Joint Operations Manual. Four levels of project specific MPD training were developed, reviewed, accepted and monitored by NOPSEMA, including classroom based and rig site practical training. Post MPD system installation in Singapore, the System Integrity Testing was successfully completed offshore Australia. Lastly the paper details MPD operations on the first well including the effective use of MPD well control, dynamic MPD FIT, LOT and Pore Pressure testing and establishing the high formation temperature effects on drilling mud density. The closed-loop MPD system allowed the riser deployed sections to be drilled using a statically underbalanced mud system and confirmed the improved capability and flexibility in terms of detection and controllability during mud loss events.

ANALISIS SISTEM FIRE SAFETY ASSESMENT PADA KAPAL LATIH “KL FRANS KAISIEPO”

Kebakaran merupakan salah satu kecelakaan yang banyak menimbulkan korban jiwa dan kerugian harta benda, terjadinya kebakaran pada umumnya di mulai dari ignition ataupun flash kemudian api membesar dan jika tidak terkendali dapat menimbulkan korban jiwa dan kerugian harta benda. Fire safety di atas kapal merupakan standar keselamatan untuk mendapatkan ijin berlayar, KL. Frans Kaisiepo adalah kapal latih yang juga menerapkan hal yang sama, untuk itu penelitian ini membuat rancangan assessment fire safety di KL. Frans Kaisiepo untuk menghasilkan standar fire safety assessment di atas KL. Frans Kaisiepo. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cause and effect dengan diagram fishbone dan formal safety assessment dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan standar safety fire assessment yang sesuai dengan formal safety assessment yang direkomedasikan oleh IMO.

Identifying local oil spill risk factors: An application of Hazard Identification within the International Maritime Organization Formal Safety Assessment framework in Washington State

Number 677002 Oil spills from commercial vessels are low probability, high consequence events that threaten economic, ecological, cultural, and natural resources. Washington State Department of Ecology Spill's Program (Ecology) has a robust risk assessment program that focuses on identifying and reducing oil spill risks to Washington waters. In 2017-2018, Ecology developed and implemented a novel application of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Formal Safety Assessment process to lead a collaborative Hazard Identification for oil spill risk in Grays Harbor, Washington. This use of the IMO Formal Safety Assessment Process to assess oil spill risk was a first for Washington State and appears to be unique among US state governments. Working with area tribes, government agencies, and stakeholders, Ecology modified the IMO Formal Safety Assessment process to focus on local factors that could contribute to oil spill risks. Ecology facilitated structured brainstorming discussions during two workshops to complete Hazard Identification. Focusing on local factors fostered collaborative discussion among workshop participants, and allowed the process to benefit from local expertise about the characteristics of waterway and operational practices. The workshops resulted in the identification of 43 local factors related to oil spill risks, 34 recommendations to reduce risks based on current vessel traffic, and 10 recommendations to consider if vessel traffic increases in the future. The recommendations from this assessment are directly informing operations in Grays Harbor; in 2019, the Grays Harbor Safety Committee voted to adopt the risk assessment final report as an addendum to their Harbor Safety Plan. Ecology is also working with area tribes, government agencies, and stakeholders to review and prioritize the risk assessment recommendations with a goal of developing implementation plans for selected measures. This application of the IMO Formal Safety Assessment process represents a repeatable, scalable, and defensible method for conducting oil spill risk assessments. Ecology plans to use this process in other state waterways, and invites other organizations to consider adopting these methods. The presentation will walk through how to apply this process for localized waterway risk assessments and discuss best practices for success. Additionally, Ecology will discuss new risk analysis initiatives directed by the Washington State Legislature, including development of a quantitative model for evaluating oil spill risk and the potential effect of risk reduction measures.