Where people shop is not associated with the nutrient quality of packaged foods for any racial-ethnic group in the United States

Background and objectivesIn the United States mortality rates for patients treated with dialysis differ by racial and/or ethnic (racial/ethnic) group. Mortality outcomes for patients undergoing maintenance dialysis in the United States territories may differ from patients in the United States 50 states.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsThis retrospective cohort study of using US Renal Data System data included 1,547,438 adults with no prior transplantation and first dialysis treatment between April 1, 1995 and September 28, 2012. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) of death for the territories versus 50 states for each racial/ethnic group using the whole cohort and covariate-matched samples. Covariates included demographics, year of dialysis initiation, cause of kidney failure, comorbid conditions, dialysis modality, and many others.ResultsOf 22,828 patients treated in the territories (American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands), 321 were white, 666 were black, 20,299 were Hispanic, and 1542 were Asian. Of 1,524,610 patients in the 50 states, 838,736 were white, 444,066 were black, 182,994 were Hispanic, and 58,814 were Asian. The crude mortality rate (deaths per 100 patient-years) was lower for whites in the territories than the 50 states (14 and 29, respectively), similar for blacks (18 and 17, respectively), higher for Hispanics (27 and 16, respectively), and higher for Asians (22 and 15). In matched analyses, greater risks of death remained for Hispanics (HR, 1.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.60 to 1.70; P<0.001) and Asians (HR, 2.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.78 to 2.27; P<0.001) living in the territories versus their matched 50 states counterparts. There were no significant differences in mortality among white or black patients in the territories versus the 50 states.ConclusionsMortality rates for patients undergoing dialysis in the United States territories differ substantially by race/ethnicity compared with the 50 states. After matched analyses for comparable age and risk factors, mortality risk no longer differed for whites or blacks, but remained much greater for territory-dwelling Hispanics and Asians.

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Update on quality of care in Hispanics and other racial-ethnic groups in the United States discharged with the diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction in 2013

International Journal of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.07.004 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 248 ◽

pp. 28-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tomás Romero ◽

Kristina L. Greenwood ◽

Dale Glaser

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

Quality Of Care ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

The United States ◽

Racial Ethnic

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Changing Spatiotemporal Trends in County‐Level Heart Failure Death Rates in the United States, 1999 to 2018

Journal of the American Heart Association ◽

10.1161/jaha.120.018125 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Adam S. Vaughan ◽

Mary G. George ◽

Sandra L. Jackson ◽

Linda Schieb ◽

Michele Casper

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Heart Failure ◽

Ethnic Group ◽

The United States ◽

Local Context ◽

County Level ◽

Age Group ◽

Death Rates ◽

Spatiotemporal Trends ◽

Racial Ethnic

Background Amid recently rising heart failure (HF) death rates in the United States, we describe county‐level trends in HF mortality from 1999 to 2018 by racial/ethnic group and sex for ages 35 to 64 years and 65 years and older. Methods and Results Applying a hierarchical Bayesian model to National Vital Statistics data representing all US deaths, ages 35 years and older, we estimated annual age‐standardized county‐level HF death rates and percent change by age group, racial/ethnic group, and sex from 1999 through 2018. During 1999 to 2011, ~30% of counties experienced increasing HF death rates among adults ages 35 to 64 years. However, during 2011 to 2018, 86.9% (95% CI, 85.2–88.2) of counties experienced increasing mortality. Likewise, for ages 65 years and older, during 1999 to 2005 and 2005 to 2011, 27.8% (95% CI, 25.8–29.8) and 12.6% (95% CI, 11.2–13.9) of counties, respectively, experienced increasing mortality. However, during 2011 to 2018, most counties (67.4% [95% CI, 65.4–69.5]) experienced increasing mortality. These temporal patterns by age group held across racial/ethnic group and sex. Conclusions These results provide local context to previously documented recent national increases in HF death rates. Although county‐level declines were most common before 2011, some counties and demographic groups experienced increasing HF death rates during this period of national declines. However, recent county‐level increases were pervasive, occurring across counties, racial/ethnic group, and sex, particularly among ages 35 to 64 years. These spatiotemporal patterns highlight the need to identify and address underlying clinical risk factors and social determinants of health contributing to these increasing trends.

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Trends in Cigar Use in the United States, 2002–2016: Diverging Trends by Race/Ethnicity

Nicotine & Tobacco Research ◽

10.1093/ntr/ntz060 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 583-587 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andrea H Weinberger ◽

Cristine D Delnevo ◽

Jiaqi Zhu ◽

Misato Gbedemah ◽

Joun Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Black Women ◽

Ethnic Group ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

Mixed Race ◽

The United States ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

Racial Ethnic ◽

Over Time

Abstract Introduction Although there are racial/ethnic differences in cigarette use, little is known about how non-cigarette tobacco use differs among racial/ethnic groups. This study investigated trends in cigar use from 2002 to 2016, by racial/ethnic group, in nationally representative US data. Methods Data were drawn from the 2002–2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health public use data files (total analytic sample n = 630 547 including 54 060 past-month cigar users). Linear time trends of past-month cigar use were examined by racial/ethnic group (Non-Hispanic [NH] White, NH Black, Hispanic, NH Other/Mixed Race/Ethnicity) using logistic regression models. Results In 2016, the prevalence of past-month cigar use was significantly higher among NH Black respondents than among other racial/ethnic groups (ps < .001). Cigar use was also higher among NH White respondents than among Hispanic and NH Other/Mixed Race/Ethnicity respondents. The year by racial/ethnic group interaction was significant (p < .001). Past-month cigar use decreased significantly from 2002 to 2016 among NH White and Hispanic respondents (ps = .001), whereas no change in prevalence was observed among NH Black (p = .779) and NH Other/Mixed Race/Ethnicity respondents (p = .152). Cigar use decreased for NH White men (p < .001) and did not change for NH White women (p = .884). Conversely, cigar use increased for NH Black women (p < .001) and did not change for NH Black men (p = .546). Conclusions Cigar use remains significantly more common among NH Black individuals in the United States and is not declining among NH Black and NH Other/Mixed Race/Ethnicity individuals over time, in contrast to declines among NH White and Hispanic individuals. Implications This study identified racial/ethnic differences in trends in past-month cigar use over 15 years among annual cross-sectional samples of US individuals. The highest prevalence of cigar use in 2016 was found among NH Black individuals. In addition, cigar use prevalence did not decline from 2002 to 2016 among NH Black and NH Other/Mixed Race/Ethnicity groups over time, in contrast to NH White and Hispanic groups. Further, cigar use increased over time for NH Black women. Targeted public health and clinical efforts may be needed to decrease the prevalence of cigar use, especially for NH Black individuals.

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Diet Quality of Children in the United States by Race/Ethnicity Within Categories of Body Mass Index (P18-110-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz039.p18-110-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Jessica Thomson ◽

Melissa Goodman ◽

Alicia Landry ◽

Lisa Tussing-Humphreys

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Mexican Americans ◽

The United States ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Added Sugars ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

Racial Ethnic

Abstract Objectives To use the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) to describe the diet quality of children in the United States by race/ethnicity within categories of body mass index (BMI) using a nationally representative sample. Methods Dietary datasets from three cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2009–2014) were used to calculate HEI-2015 total and component scores using the population ratio method for children 2–18 years of age (N = 8894). Diet quality scores were computed by race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic white, Mexican American, other Hispanic, and other race) within BMI category (normal weight, overweight, and obese). Means and 95% confidence intervals were computed for HEI-2015 total and component scores. Results Significant differences in HEI-2015 mean total scores were present in children with normal weight and overweight, but not obesity. For children with normal weight, the mean total score was significantly higher for Mexican Americans vs non-Hispanic blacks (57.1 vs 53 out of 100 points). For children with overweight, mean total scores were higher for Mexican Americans and other races vs non-Hispanic blacks (59.0 and 60.4 vs 50.3). For children with normal weight, racial/ethnic differences in mean scores were present for all 13 components except for total vegetables. For children with overweight, racial/ethnic differences in mean scores were present for seven components – total fruits, whole fruits, greens and beans, dairy, fatty acids, added sugars, and saturated fats. For children with obesity, racial/ethnic differences were present for two components – refined grains and added sugars. Due to small samples sizes resulting in unreliable estimates, results were not included for the underweight category. Conclusions Although significant diet quality differences were found among races/ethnicities within BMI categories, total diet quality scores were low for all populations of children in this study. These results suggest that efforts are still needed to improve the diet quality of children in the United States, regardless of BMI status. Funding Sources US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service.

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Racial/Ethnic Group Differences in the Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the United States: A Network Explanation

Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽

10.1097/00007435-199905000-00003 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 250-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 400

Author(s):

EDWARD O. LAUMANN ◽

YOOSIK YOUM

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽

Ethnic Group ◽

The United States ◽

Group Differences ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Ethnic Group Differences ◽

Racial Ethnic

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Racial/Ethnic Disparities Across Indicators of Cigarette Smoking in the Era of Increased Tobacco Control, 1992–2019

Nicotine & Tobacco Research ◽

10.1093/ntr/ntaa231 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kari-Lyn K Sakuma ◽

John P Pierce ◽

Pebbles Fagan ◽

France T Nguyen-Grozavu ◽

Eric C Leas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

African Americans ◽

Tobacco Control ◽

Ethnic Group ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Ethnic Disparities ◽

The United States ◽

Cigarette Use ◽

Racial Ethnic

Abstract Introduction This study compared tobacco use and cessation for African Americans (AA), Asians/Pacific Islanders (API), Hispanics/Latinos (H/L), American Indian/Alaskan Natives (AI/AN), and non-Hispanic Whites (NHW) in the United States to California (CA), the state with the longest continually funded tobacco control program. The purpose of this study was to identify tobacco use disparities across racial/ethnic groups across time. Methods Cigarette use prevalence (uptake and current use), consumption (mean number of cigarettes smoked per day [CPD]), and quit ratios were calculated across survey years, and trends were examined within each race/ethnic group and comparing between CA and the United States, utilizing the 1992–2019 Tobacco Use Supplements to the Current Population Survey. Results Prevalence decreased for all race/ethnic groups. Current use among CA NHW showed significant decline compared with US counterparts, whereas US H/L showed greater decline than CA counterparts. CPD decreased by approximately 30% across race/ethnic groups, with CA groups having lower numbers. The greatest decrease occurred among AA in CA (average 10.3 CPD [95% confidence interval (CI): 10.3, 12.6] in 1992/1993 to 3 CPD [95% CI: 2.4, 3.7] in 2018/2019). Quit ratios increased from 1992/1993 to 2018/2019 for CA H/L 52.4% (95% CI: 49.8, 53.0) to 59.3 (95% CI: 55.8, 62.5) and CA NHWs 61.5% (95% CI: 60.7, 61.9) to 63.8% (95% CI: 63.9, 66.9). Conclusions Although overall prevalence decreased over time for each racial/ethnic group, declines in CA outpaced the United States only for NHWs. Reductions in CPD were encouraging but the quit ratio points to the need to increase tobacco control efforts toward cessation. Implications The successes in reduced cigarette use uptake and prevalence across time for both California and the rest of the United States were observed largely among non-Hispanic White populations. Although reductions in the number of cigarettes smoked per day are a notable success, particularly among the Californian African Americans, efforts to support quitting across racial/ethnic groups, especially marginalized groups, need to be prioritized.

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