scholarly journals Multi-Micronutrient–Fortified Biscuits Decreased Prevalence of Anemia and Improved Micronutrient Status and Effectiveness of Deworming in Rural Vietnamese School Children

2009 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 1013-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Thuy Nga ◽  
Pattanee Winichagoon ◽  
Marjoleine A. Dijkhuizen ◽  
Nguyen Cong Khan ◽  
Emorn Wasantwisut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Parasitic Infestation ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
School Based ◽  
Micronutrient Status ◽  
Micronutrient Fortification

Abstract Concurrent micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent among Vietnamese school children. A school-based program providing food fortified with multiple micronutrients could be a cost-effective and sustainable strategy to improve health and cognitive function of school children. However, the efficacy of such an intervention may be compromised by the high prevalence of parasitic infestation. To evaluate the efficacy of school-based intervention using multi-micronutrient–fortified biscuits with or without deworming on anemia and micronutrient status in Vietnamese schoolchildren, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 510 primary schoolchildren, aged 6–8 y, in rural Vietnam. Albendazole (Alb) (400 mg) or placebo was given at baseline. Nonfortified or multi-micronutrient–fortified biscuits including iron (6 mg), zinc (5.6 mg), iodine (35 μg), and vitamin A (300 μg retinol equivalents) were given 5 d/wk for 4 mo. Multi-micronutrient fortification significantly improved the concentrations of hemoglobin (+1.87 g/L; 95% CI: 0.78, 2.96), plasma ferritin (+7.5 μg/L; 95% CI: 2.8, 12.6), body iron (+0.56 mg/kg body weight; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.84), plasma zinc (+0.61 μmol/L; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.95), plasma retinol (+0.041 μmol/L; 95% CI: 0.001, 0.08), and urinary iodine (+22.49 μmol/L; 95% CI: 7.68, 37.31). Fortification reduced the risk of anemia and deficiencies of zinc and iodine by >40%. Parasitic infestation did not affect fortification efficacy, whereas fortification significantly enhanced deworming efficacy, with the lowest reinfection rates in children receiving both micronutrients and Alb. Multi-micronutrient fortification of biscuits is an effective strategy to improve the micronutrient status of Vietnamese schoolchildren and enhances effectiveness of deworming.

scholarly journals Multi-Micronutrient Fortified Rice Improved Serum Zinc and Folate Concentrations of Cambodian School Children. A Double-Blinded Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2843
Author(s):  
Khov Kuong ◽  
Pety Tor ◽  
Marlene Perignon ◽  
Marion Fiorentino ◽  
Chhoun Chamnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Micronutrient Status ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Cluster Randomized ◽  
The Impact

Background: Within Cambodia, micronutrient deficiencies continue to be prevalent in vulnerable groups, such as women and children. Fortification of staple foods such as rice could be a promising strategy for Cambodia to improve micronutrient status. Objective: Our objective was to investigate the impact of multiple-micronutrient fortified rice (MMFR), distributed through a World Food Program school-meals program (WFP-SMP) on serum zinc concentrations and folate status in a double-blind, cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Methods: Sixteen schools were randomly assigned to receive one of three different types of extruded-fortified rice (UltraRice Original (URO), UltraRice New (URN), or NutriRice) or unfortified rice (placebo) six days a week for six months. A total of 1950 schoolchildren (6–16 years old) participated in the study. Serum zinc (all groups) and folate (only in NutriRice and placebo group) concentrations were assessed from morning non-fasting antecubital blood samples and were measured at three time points (baseline and after three and six months). Results: After six months of intervention, serum zinc concentrations were significantly increased in all fortified rice group compared to placebo and baseline (0.98, 0.85 and 1.40 µmol/L for URO, URN and NutriRice, respectively) (interaction effect: p < 0.001 for all). Children in the intervention groups had a risk of zinc deficiencies of around one third (0.35, 039, and 0.28 for URO, URN, and NutriRice, respectively) compared to the placebo (p < 0.001 for all). The children receiving NutriRice had higher serum folate concentrations at endline compared to children receiving normal rice (+2.25 ng/mL, p = 0.007). Conclusions: This study showed that the high prevalence of zinc and folate deficiency in Cambodia can be improved through the provision of MMFR. As rice is the staple diet for Cambodia, MMFR should be considered to be included in the school meal program and possibilities should be explored to introduce MMFR to the general population.

scholarly journals Vitamin B12 Status Upon Short-Term Intervention with a Vegan Diet—A Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy Participants

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Kathrin Lederer ◽  
Luciana Hannibal ◽  
Manuel Hettich ◽  
Sidney Behringer ◽  
Ute Spiekerkoetter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Micronutrient Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cholesterol Intake ◽  
Healthy Participants

Vegans are at an increased risk for certain micronutrient deficiencies, foremost of vitamin B12. Little is known about the short-term effects of dietary change to plant-based nutrition on vitamin B12 metabolism. Systemic biomarkers of vitamin B12 status, namely, serum vitamin B12 and holotranscobalamin, may respond quickly to a reduced intake of vitamin B12. To test this hypothesis, 53 healthy omnivore subjects were randomized to a controlled unsupplemented vegan diet (VD, n = 26) or meat-rich diet (MD, n = 27) for 4 weeks. Vitamin B12 status was examined by measurement of serum vitamin B12, holotranscobalamin (holo-TC), methylmalonic acid (MMA) and total plasma homocysteine (tHcy). Holo-TC decreased significantly in the VD compared to the MD group after four weeks of intervention, whereas metabolites MMA and tHcy were unaffected. Body weight remained stable in both groups. VD intervention led to a significant reduction of cholesterol intake, and adequate profiles of nutrient and micronutrient status. Lower intake of vitamin B12 was observed in VD, which was mirrored by a lower concentration of serum vitamin B12 and reduced holo-TC after 4 weeks. Plasma holo-TC may be a fast-responding biomarker to monitor adequate supply of vitamin B12 in plant-based individuals.

scholarly journals Influence of Cinnamon on Glycemic Control in Individuals With Prediabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio R Romeo ◽  
Junhee Lee ◽  
Christopher M Mulla ◽  
Youngmin Noh ◽  
Casey Holden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Favorable Safety

Abstract Context The identification of adjunct safe, durable, and cost-effective approaches to reduce the progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a clinically relevant, unmet goal. It is unknown whether cinnamon’s glucose-lowering properties can be leveraged in individuals with prediabetes. Objective The objective of this work is to investigate the effects of cinnamon on measures of glucose homeostasis in prediabetes. Design, Setting, Participants, and Intervention This double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial randomly assigned adult individuals meeting any criteria for prediabetes to receive cinnamon 500 mg or placebo thrice daily (n = 27/group). Participants were enrolled and followed at 2 academic centers for 12 weeks. Main Outcome Measures Primary outcome was the between-group difference in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) at 12 weeks from baseline. Secondary end points included the change in 2-hour PG of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and the change in the PG area under the curve (AUC) derived from the OGTT. Results From a similar baseline, FPG rose after 12 weeks with placebo but remained stable with cinnamon, leading to a mean between-group difference of 5 mg/dL (P &lt; .05). When compared to the respective baseline, cinnamon, but not placebo, resulted in a significant decrease of the AUC PG (P &lt; .001) and of the 2-hour PG of the OGTT (P &lt; .05). There were no serious adverse events in either study group. Conclusions In individuals with prediabetes, 12 weeks of cinnamon supplementation improved FPG and glucose tolerance, with a favorable safety profile. Longer and larger studies should address cinnamon’s effects on the rate of progression from prediabetes to T2D.

scholarly journals Fortified Iodine Milk Improves Iodine Status and Cognitive Abilities in Schoolchildren Aged 7–9 Years Living in a Rural Mountainous Area of Morocco

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Ezzahra Zahrou ◽  
Mehdi Azlaf ◽  
Imane El Menchawy ◽  
Mohamed El Mzibri ◽  
Khalid El Kari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
Fortified Milk ◽  
The Impact

Iodine is required for the production of the thyroid hormones essential for the growth and development of the brain. All forms of iodine deficiency (ID) affect the mental development of the child. Our study aims to assess the impact of ID on the intellectual development of Moroccan schoolchildren and to evaluate the effect of consumption of fortified milk on reducing ID. In a double-blind controlled trial conducted on schoolchildren, children were divided into two groups to receive fortified milk (30% of cover of RDI iodine) or nonfortified milk for 9 months. Urinary iodine was analyzed using the Sandell-Kolthoff reaction, a dynamic cognitive test using Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices to assess learning potential was performed at baseline and end line, and anthropometric assessment was done only at baseline. The study included schoolchildren who were severely iodine deficient. The prevalence of malnutrition was high in both groups; in this study, we found improvements in iodine status and in cognitive abilities among Moroccan schoolchildren. Our study showed that the consumption of fortified milk led to a clear improvement in iodine status and also appeared to have a favorable effect on the cognitive ability of Moroccan schoolchildren in a rural mountainous region.

scholarly journals Efficacy of tramadol as an adjuvant to bupivacaine for caudal analgesia in children: a randomised controlled trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Upendra Krishna Regmi ◽  
Shanta Sapkota
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Postoperative Analgesia ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Local Anaesthetics ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Caudal Anaesthesia ◽  
Caudal Analgesia ◽  
Group B

Background: The goal of postoperative analgesia is to minimise pain with least possible side effects and in our setting be as cost effective as possible. In children, caudal anaesthesia is typically combined with general anaesthesia for intraoperative and postoperative analgesia. Adjuvants can be added to local anaesthetics for prolonging the duration of analgesia. This study was done to find out the duration of analgesia of caudal Bupivacaine in combination with Tramadol.Methods: This prospective, randomised, double-blind, comparative study was done by taking a total of 60 patients, aged between 2 to 7 years undergoing elective lower abdominal, urological and lower extremity surgeries. The patients were randomized to group A (n=30) receiving 1 ml/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine and group B (n=30) receiving 1 ml/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine plus 1mg/kg of tramadol caudally. Duration of analgesia, hemodynamic responses and adverse effects were noted and analysed.Results: Thirty patients in both groups were comparable with regard to demographic data and hemodynamic response and were statistically non-significant (P>0.05). It was observed that the mean duration of analgesia was significantly longer in group B (467.5±164.5 min versus 240.5±69.4 min, P<0.001). One patient in each group had postoperative vomiting.Conclusion: Tramadol 1mg/kg as an adjuvant to bupivacaine 0.25% for caudal analgesia in children is effective in increasing the duration of analgesia without an increase of adverse effects.

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