Parameterization lies at the center of anisotropic full-waveform inversion (FWI) with multiparameter updates. This is because FWI aims to update the long and short wavelengths of the perturbations. Thus, it is important that the parameterization accommodates this. Recently, there has been an intensive effort to determine the optimal parameterization, centering the fundamental discussion mainly on the analysis of radiation patterns for each one of these parameterizations, and aiming to determine which is best suited for multiparameter inversion. We have developed a new parameterization in the scope of FWI, based on the concept of kinematically equivalent media, as originally proposed in other areas of seismic data analysis. Our analysis is also based on radiation patterns, as well as the relation between the perturbation of this set of parameters and perturbation in traveltime. The radiation pattern reveals that this parameterization combines some of the characteristics of parameterizations with one velocity and two Thomsen’s parameters and parameterizations using two velocities and one Thomsen’s parameter. The study of perturbation of traveltime with perturbation of model parameters shows that the new parameterization is less ambiguous when relating these quantities in comparison with other more commonly used parameterizations. We have concluded that our new parameterization is well-suited for inverting diving waves, which are of paramount importance to carry out practical FWI successfully. We have demonstrated that the new parameterization produces good inversion results with synthetic and real data examples. In the latter case of the real data example from the Central North Sea, the inverted models show good agreement with the geologic structures, leading to an improvement of the seismic image and flatness of the common image gathers.
Efficient 3D frequency-domain full-waveform inversion of ocean-bottom cable data with sparse block low-rank direct solver: a real data case study from the North Sea