The Notion of Hyper-wandering in Apprehending the Mobility of Israelis After the Army Along the Andes Cordillera

Abstract. The Global Mercury Observation System (GMOS) project, has developed a global-scale network of ground-based atmospheric monitoring sites, expanding the coverage of atmospheric mercury (Hg) measurements worldwide and improving the understanding of global atmospheric Hg transport and deposition, particularly in regions of the South Hemisphere where atmospheric Hg observational data is limited. This work provides the first continuous records of gaseous elemental Hg (GEM) concentrations observed from October 2012 to May 2016 in Northwestern Patagonia (Argentina) at the GMOS EMMA monitoring station (41°7'43.82" S, 71°25'11.89" W, 803 m a.s.l). The monitoring site is located inside Nahuel Huapi National Park, a natural reserve in the Lake District of Andean Patagonia. The area is within the Southern Volcanic Zone, influenced by several active volcanoes aligned in the Andes cordillera. During the studied period, GEM concentrations ranged between 0.23 and 1.43 ng m−3, with an annual mean of 0.9 ± 0.15 ng m−3. GEM records at EMMA station resemble background concentrations measured in Antarctica and other remote locations of the Southern Hemisphere. GEM concentrations showed seasonal variation with mean values higher during spring (0.93 ± 0.13 ng m−3) and winter (0.92 ± 0.10 ng m−3) followed by summer (0.86 ± 0.15 ng m−3) and at last by autumn (0.81 ± 0.15 ng m−3). Further, a clear daily pattern was observed, with higher GEM levels during day-time than at night-time across all seasons. Multivariate analyses showed that GEM levels are chiefly determined by meteorological parameters, and, in particular by the westerly winds which represented the most influential variable on GEM records. In order to investigate the potential impact of natural and/or anthropogenic emission sources as well as the role played by the long-range transport on GEM levels, analyses of HYSPLIT backward trajectories (BWT) were carried out for different periods characterized by low and high GEM concentrations. The BWT analysis highlighted the influence of clean oceanic air masses and also of the local and regional active volcanoes in the Andes cordillera.

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The Andes Cordillera. Part II: Rio Olivares Basin snow conditions (1979-2014), central Chile

International Journal of Climatology ◽

10.1002/joc.4828 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 1699-1715 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Sebastian H. Mernild ◽

Glen E. Liston ◽

Christopher A. Hiemstra ◽

Jacob C. Yde ◽

James McPhee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Chile ◽

The Andes ◽

Snow Conditions ◽

Andes Cordillera

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Identification of the sources of inertia-gravity waves in the Andes Cordillera region

Annales Geophysicae ◽

10.5194/angeo-26-2551-2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 2551-2568 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

A. Spiga ◽

H. Teitelbaum ◽

V. Zeitlin

Keyword(s):

Gravity Waves ◽

Mesoscale Model ◽

Jet Stream ◽

Earth Atmosphere ◽

Jet Streams ◽

The Andes ◽

Wave Parameters ◽

The Earth ◽

Andes Cordillera ◽

Inertia Gravity Waves

Abstract. Four major sources of inertia-gravity waves are known in the Earth atmosphere: upper-tropospheric jet-streams, lower-tropospheric fronts, convection and topography. The Andes Cordillera region is an area where all of these major sources are potentially present. By combining ECMWF and NCEP-NCAR reanalysis, satellite and radiosoundings data and mesoscale WRF simulations in the Andes Cordillera region, we were able to identify the cases where, respectively, the jet-stream source, the convective source and the topography source are predominantly in action. We retrieve emitted wave parameters for each case, compare them, and analyse possible emission mechanisms. The WRF mesoscale model shows very good performance in reproducing the inertia-gravity waves identified in the data analysis, and assessing their likely sources.

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Annual River Runoff Variations and Trends for the Andes Cordillera

Journal of Hydrometeorology ◽

10.1175/jhm-d-17-0094.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (7) ◽

pp. 1167-1189 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sebastian H. Mernild ◽

Glen E. Liston ◽

Christopher A. Hiemstra ◽

Jacob C. Yde ◽

Gino Casassa

Keyword(s):

River Runoff ◽

Annual Runoff ◽

Spatiotemporal Variability ◽

Modeling Tools ◽

Ice Melt ◽

The Andes ◽

Glacier Ice ◽

High Runoff ◽

Over Time ◽

Andes Cordillera

Abstract We analyzed modeled river runoff variations west of the Andes Cordillera’s continental divide for 1979/80–2013/14 (35 years). Our foci were annual runoff conditions, runoff origins (rain, snowmelt, and glacier ice), and runoff spatiotemporal variability. Low and high runoff conditions were defined as occurrences that fall outside the 10th (low values) and 90th (high values) percentile values of the period of record. SnowModel and HydroFlow modeling tools were used at 4-km horizontal grid increments and 3-h time intervals. NASA Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) datasets were used as atmospheric forcing. This modeling system includes evaporation and sublimation from snow-covered surfaces, but it does not take into account evapotranspiration from bare and vegetation-covered soils and from river and lake surfaces. In general for the Andes Cordillera, the simulated runoff decreased before 1997 and increased afterward. This could be due to a model precipitation artifact in the MERRA forcing. If so, this artifact would influence the number of years with low runoff values, which decreased over time, while the number of high runoff values increased over time. For latitudes south of ~40°S, both the greatest decrease in the number of low runoff values and the greatest increase in high runoff values occurred. High runoff values averaged 84% and 58% higher than low values for nonglacierized and glacierized catchments, respectively. Furthermore, for glacierized catchments, 61% and 62% of the runoff originated from rain-derived runoff during low and high runoff extreme years, respectively; 28% and 30% from snowmelt-derived runoff; and 11% and 8% from glacier-ice-melt-derived runoff. As the results could be MERRA dependent, more work with other precipitation forcings and/or in situ measurements is needed to assess whether these are real runoff behaviors or artifacts.

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Effect of the Andes Cordillera on Precipitation from a Midlatitude Cold Front

Monthly Weather Review ◽

10.1175/2009mwr2881.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 137 (9) ◽

pp. 3092-3109 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Bradford S. Barrett ◽

RenéD. Garreaud ◽

Mark Falvey

Keyword(s):

Cold Front ◽

Orographic Precipitation ◽

Mountain Range ◽

Frontal Surface ◽

Central Chile ◽

The Andes ◽

Southeast Pacific ◽

Upper Level ◽

High Topography ◽

Andes Cordillera

Abstract The effects of the Andes Cordillera, the major mountain range in South America, on precipitation patterns of baroclinic systems approaching from the southeast Pacific remain largely unstudied. This study focuses on a case in late May 2008 when an upper-level trough and surface cold front produced widespread precipitation in central Chile. The primary goal was to analyze the physical mechanisms responsible for the structure and evolution of the precipitation. Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulations indicate that as an upper-level trough approached central Chile, midtropospheric flow below 700 hPa was blocked by the high topography and deflected poleward in the form of a barrier jet. This northerly jet had wind maxima in excess of 15 m s−1, was centered around 925 hPa, and extended westward 200 km from the mountains. It intersected the cold front, which approached from the south near the coast, thereby increasing convergence along the frontal surface, slowing its equatorward progress, and enhancing rainfall over central Chile. Another separate region of heavy precipitation formed over the upwind slopes of the cordillera. A trajectory analysis confirmed that the barrier jet moved low-level parcels from their origin in the moist southeast Pacific boundary layer to the coast. When model topography was reduced to twenty percent of its original height, the cold front advanced more rapidly to the northeast, generated less precipitation in central Chile between 33° and 36°S, and produced minimal orographic precipitation on the upwind Andean slopes. Based on these findings, the high topography appears responsible for not only orographic precipitation but also for substantially increasing precipitation totals over the central coast and valley.

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Review of the manuscript “Biomass-burning and urban emission impacts in the Andes Cordillera region based on in-situ measurements from the Chacaltaya observatory, Bolivia (5240 m a.s.l.)” by Chauvigné Aurélien et al.

10.5194/acp-2019-510-rc2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Anonymous

Keyword(s):

Biomass Burning ◽

In Situ Measurements ◽

The Andes ◽

Andes Cordillera

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First reports of Myotis riparius (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in the high-Andes southern Ecuador

Revista Peruana de Biología ◽

10.15381/rpb.v27i3.17475 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 395-400

Author(s):

Carlos Hernán Nivelo-Villavicencio ◽

David C. Siddons ◽

Pedro X. Astudillo ◽

Javier Fernández de Córdova

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

The Andes ◽

Southern Ecuador ◽

New Localities ◽

Andes Cordillera

The Vespertilionidae family is widely distributed in South America. In Ecuador, there are 20 species including Myotis riparius. The species has been recorded between 10 to 1240 m a.s.l. on the both eastern and western sides of the Andes cordillera. In this work we reported two new localities for southern Ecuador which include the highest records for the species and increasing in 1077 m the limit elevation previously known in Ecuador.

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