scholarly journals Letting language be: reflections on enactive method

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Elena Clare Cuffari ◽  
Ezequiel A. Di Paolo ◽  
Hanne De Jaegher
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
High Light ◽  
Gift Giving ◽  
Know How ◽  
Enactive Approach ◽  
Language Research ◽  
Embodied Cognitive Science ◽  
The Difference

Prompted by our commentators, we take this response as an opportunity to clarify the premises, attitudes, and methods of our enactive approach to human languaging. We high-light the need to recognize that any investigation, particularly one into language, is always a concretely situated and self-grounding activity; our attitude as researchers is one of knowing as engagement with our subject matter. Our task, formulating the missing categories that can bridge embodied cognitive science with language research, requires avoiding premature abstractions and clarifying the multiple circularities at play. Our chosen method is dialectical, which has prompted several interesting observations that we respond to, particularly with respect to what this method means for enactive epistemology and ontology. We also clarify the important question of how best to conceive of the variety of social skills we progressively identify with our method and are at play in human languaging. Are these skills socially constituted or just socially learned? The difference, again, leads to a clarification that acts, skills, actors, and interactions are to be conceived as co-emerging categories. We illustrate some of these points with a discussion of an example of aspects of the model at play in a study of gift giving in China.Keywords: Enactive epistemology, Enactive ontology, Dialectics, languaging, Shared know-how.

scholarly journals Enactive Ethics: Difference Becoming Participation

Topoi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezequiel A. Di Paolo ◽  
Hanne De Jaegher
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Ethics Of Care ◽  
Consciousness Raising ◽  
Transcendental Arguments ◽  
Know How ◽  
Enactive Approach ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Enactive Cognitive Science ◽  
Dichotomous Thinking

AbstractEnactive cognitive science combines questions in epistemology, ontology, and ethics by conceiving of bodies as open-ended and mutually transforming through activity. While enaction is not a theory of ethics, it can contribute to its foundations. We present a schematization of enactive ideas that underlie traditional distinctions between Being, Knowing, and Doing. Ethics in this scheme begins in the relation between knowing and becoming. Critical of dichotomous thinking, we approach the questions of alterity and ethical reality. Alterity is relevant to the enactive approach, but not in the radical sense of transcendental arguments. We propose difference, instead, as a more generative concept. Following Simondon, we see norms and values manifest in webs of past and future acts together with their potentialities for becoming. We propose a transindividual concept of moral attunement that includes ethical know-how and consciousness raising. Through generative difference and attunement to configurations of becoming, enaction underpins an ethics of participation linking virtue ethics and ethics of care.

DISTINGUISHING THE INDISTINGUISHABLE OF THE WORDS INJURED, WOUNDED, AND HURT: A CORPUS INVESTIGATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Kusumawardani Dewa Ayu Novi
Keyword(s):  
English Word ◽  
Know How ◽  
Efl Students ◽  
The Difference

Most people, especially EFL students, claimed that English has rich vocabularies. Each vocabulary has many synonyms that could be found in thesaurus. But the problem is, those synonymous words can hardly be differentiated when applied in daily communication. It is because each of the English word has its own context and rule when it is used in a sentence or an utterance. However, in reality, this rule is often ignored by people. It is because they rely more on their intuition. Yet, it needs more than intuition to know the difference and how to use the words properly. The words ‘injured’, ‘wounded’, and ‘hurt’ were chosen as the object of this study, since those words are synonymous and distinguishable. A quick survey had been done by the researcher to know how EFL students and people in general used these three words. It turned out that they used those three words by ignoring the rule and depending on their intuition instead. The aim of this research is to help people to know the difference among those three words. By retrieving data from COCA and finding the collocation of those words, it is hoped that the reader will realize that these synonymous words are not as synonymous as they thought.

scholarly journals Entanglement and the Modern Australian Rhythm Method: Lantana’s Lessons in Policing Sexuality and Gender

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsty Duncanson ◽  
Catriona Elder ◽  
Murray Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Dance Teacher ◽  
Know How ◽  
Good People ◽  
Cultural Medium ◽  
Sexuality And Gender ◽  
Australian Community ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Protection And Control ◽  
And Control

Film in Australia, as with many other nations, is often seen as an important cultural medium where national stories about belonging and identity can be (re)produced in pleasurable and, at times, complicated ways. One such film is Ray Lawrence’s Lantana. Although striking a chord in Australia as a good film about ‘ basically good people’, people that rang ‘brilliantly’ true (Lantana DVD 2002), this paper argues that, at the same time as it produces a fantasy of a ‘good’ Australia, the film also conducts a regulation of what constitutes Australianness. In many ways the imaginary of Australia offered in this film, to its contemporary, urban, professional and intellectual elite audience, still draws on and (re)produces a vision of an Australian community that uses the same narrative frameworks of protection and control as the cruder discourses of ‘white Australia’ offered to an earlier generation of cinema-goers. This film’s central motif of the lantana bush, the out of control weed, that is known as both foreign and local is here emblematic of tensions about belonging, place and otherness. Yet while, within the film’s knowingly reflexive purview any remaining potential for racism is understood and itself under control – we know how to be good mutliculturalists –it is the trope of sexuality in Lantana that provides the real sense of edginess and anxiety about belonging. It is in this arena that the film sets up an idea of danger and –less self-consciously, and in the end more aggressively – marks out who is and who is not part of the community. In this context the motif of lantana signals an ambivalence about difference and the exotic. Lantana is both desirable because of the difference in its attractive Latin looks and repulsive or feared because of other qualities inherent within its difference: a refusal to behave and a propensity to get out-of control, spread and potentially take over. The film here explores desire for a taste of the other (a gay man, a newly separated woman, a Latin dance teacher). However, these fantasies are in the end emphatically shut down as the film ends by producing a vision of subtly normalised hetero, mono, familial (though not necessarily happy) forms of desiring, loving and reproducing in contemporary Australia.

Differentiating Insult from Other Criminal Offences under the Bulgarian Criminal Code, as well as from the Administrative Offence pursuant to the Petty Delinquency Counteraction Decree

De Jure ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Popov ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Bodily Injury ◽  
Subjective Perspective ◽  
The Difference

This paper presents a brief overview of the act of insult, pursuant to Article 146, Paragraph 1, and Article 148, Paragraph 1, Sections 1‒4 of the Bulgarian Criminal Code /CC/) in comparison with other criminal offences under the CC, as well as with the administrative offence pursuant to the Petty Delinquency Counteraction Decree, where honour and dignity constitute the primary or additional subject matter of the defence. The paper takes into account the exisiting common characteristics of the criminal offences in question from both an objective and a subjective perspective, where different communicative situations resort only to derogatory attitude on the part of the deed’s subject towards the object of the infringement, or such attitude represents an aspect of the broader range of the illegal deed. The analysis includes a comparison between insult, as defined in Article 146, Paragraph 1 of the CC, and “grave insult”, as defined in the texts of Article 118, Article 124, Paragraph 2, and Article 132, Paragraph 1 of the CC. In addition, it contrasts the concept of insult in terms of definition and content with the insult pursuant to Article 146, Paragraph 1, and Article 148, Paragraph 1, Sections 1‒4 of the CC, with the criminal offences of military insult under Article 378 of the CC, delinquency under Article 325 of the CC, and petty delinquency under Article 1, Paragraph 2 of the Petty Delinquency Counteraction Decree, as well as with the offence of minor bodily injury under Article 130, Paragraph 2 of the CC. An emphasis is placed on the difference between them.

scholarly journals How Efficiency Shapes Human Language, TICS 2019

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Gibson ◽  
Richard Futrell ◽  
Steven T. Piantadosi ◽  
Isabelle Dautriche ◽  
Kyle Mahowald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Language Research ◽  
The Way

Cognitive science applies diverse tools and perspectives to study human language. Recently, an exciting body of work has examined linguistic phenomena through the lens of efficiency in usage: what otherwise puzzling features of language find explanation in formal accounts of how language might be optimized for communication and learning? Here, we review studies that deploy formal tools from probability and information theory to understand how and why language works the way that it does, focusing on phenomena ranging from the lexicon through syntax. These studies show how apervasive pressure for efficiency guides the forms of natural language and indicate that a rich future for language research lies in connecting linguistics to cognitive psychology and mathematical theories of communication and inference.

scholarly journals Mathematical Investigation Proficiency among Singapore Secondary School Students: An Exploratory Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-21
Author(s):  
Joseph B. W. YEO
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Specific Problem ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
School Students ◽  
Know How ◽  
Mathematical Investigation ◽  
Paper And Pencil ◽  
The Difference

This article presents an exploratory study to find out whether high-ability secondary school students in Singapore were able to deal with open mathematical investigative tasks. A class of Secondary One (or Grade 7) students, who had no prior experience with this kind of investigation, were given a paper-and-pencil test consisting of four open tasks. The results show that these students did not even know how to begin, despite sample questions being given in the first two tasks to guide and help them pose their own problems. The main difficulty was the inability to understand the task requirement: what does it mean to investigate? Another issue was the difference between searching for any patterns without a specific problem to solve, and searching for patterns to solve a given problem. The implications of these findings on teaching and on research methodologies that rely on paper-and-pencil test instruments will also be discussed.

scholarly journals STRATEGI GURU DALAM MENGOPTIMALKAN KECERDASAN MAJEMUK DI SEKOLAH DASAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Robiatul Munajah ◽  
Asep Supena
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Multiple Intelligences ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Know How ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Given ◽  
Different Levels

The success of students in learning does not only depend on their own abilities. Several factors that can give effect need to be optimized. The teacher's strategy is very meaningful to optimize students' multiple intelligences according to the indicators that each student has. Every child in this world has various intelligences in different levels and indicators. This shows that all children, by nature, are intelligent. The difference lies in the level and indicators of intelligence. These differences are determined by various factors. One of them is the stimulation given when children learn in the learning process carried out by the teacher. The difference in intelligence among students demands a fair and existential way of thinking of educators. This research is a literature review to see more specifically the teacher's strategy in optimizing multiple intelligences in elementary schools based on research reference sources and books. Good educators are able to detect children's intelligence by observing the behavior, tendencies, interests, ways and qualities of children when reacting to the given stimulus. All indicators of intelligence can be recognized by educators to then make a profile of intelligence. Therefore, every teacher should know how to develop the intelligence of their students, by identifying each indicator of children's intelligence and realizing the importance of developing all the intelligences of their students. 

scholarly journals ABORDAGEM ANTIRREPRESENTACIONISTA DA CIÊNCIA COGNITIVA INCORPORADA

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (39) ◽  
pp. 515
Author(s):  
Kleber Bez Birolo Candiotto
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Embodied Cognitive Science ◽  
Radical Embodied Cognitive Science

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a postura antirrepresentacionista da abordagem incorporada da cognição em sua tentativa de fazer frente às possíveis limitações da ciência cognitiva clássica. Tal abordagem, propagada a partir da década de 1980, teve suas raízes na perspectiva ecológica de Gibson, com a noção de affordances, podendo uma versão mais acentuada ser identificada no texto Radical embodied cognitive science, de Chemero, em que o autor procura apontar a desnecessidade das representações mentais para a compreensão da cognição, tendo como apoio a noção de affordances, porém numa perspectiva distinta de Gibson. Ao apresentar a distinção conceitual de affordances entre os autores em questão, pretende-se, por fim, discutir a contribuição epistemológica da abordagem radical de cognição incorporada de Chemero para o futuro da ciência cognitiva.

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