Enhancing Butyrate Production, Ruminal Fermentation and Microbial Population through Supplementation with Clostridium saccharobutylicum

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different concentrations of polyphenols of Paulownia Clon In Vitro 112® leaves or their particular parts on in vitro ruminal fermentation, methane production and microbial population. Paulownia leaves with high (PLH; 31.35 mg/g dry matter (DM)), medium (PLM; 26.94 mg/g DM), and low level of polyphenols (PLL; 11.90 mg/g DM) were used from three plantation areas. Lamina (PLLA; 33.63 mg/g DM) and twigs (PLT; 2.53 mg/g DM) of leaves were also collected from the PLM plantation. The chemical analyses of Paulownia leaves indicated that the content of the most basic nutrients (e.g., crude protein concentration of 185 g/kg of DM) were similar to dehydrated alfalfa. The in vitro results showed that the use of Paulownia leaves with the highest content of total polyphenols (PLH and PLLA) decreased methane production, methanogens numbers, and acetate to propionate ratio. In PLT, lowered methane production was followed by reduced substrate degradability and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration along with higher acetate to propionate ratio. Therefore, reduction of methane production in PLH and PLLA was attributed to the lowered methanogen population, whereas in PLT it was caused by decreased substrate degradability with the resultant of limited hydrogen availability to the methanogens.

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Effects of inactivated and live cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on in vitro ruminal fermentation of diets with different forage:concentrate ratio

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859611000578 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 150 (2) ◽

pp. 271-283 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

F. OPSI ◽

R. FORTINA ◽

S. TASSONE ◽

R. BODAS ◽

S. LÓPEZ

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Methane Production ◽

Microbial Population ◽

Gas Production ◽

Yeast Cells ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

High Fibre Diet ◽

Fibre Diet ◽

High Fibre

SUMMARYThe effects of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, either inactivated (by osmotic pressure, designated IY) or provided as a culture containing live yeast cells (YC), on ruminal fermentation of two different diets were investigated in vitro. Total mixed rations (TMR) having forage:concentrate ratios of 0·6:0·4 (medium–high forage diet) and 0·2:0·8 (low-forage diet) were incubated in batch cultures of mixed ruminal micro-organisms to which either IY (to reach concentrations of 500 and 250 mg product/l incubation medium) or YC (at a concentration of 150 mg product/l) were added directly as powder. To evaluate the effects of the additive on ruminal microbial population, sheep used as donors of rumen fluid were allocated to three experimental groups: Control (no additive), IY and YC, that received a diet with the corresponding additive for 10 days. With both diets, YC decreased ruminal pH compared to control, whereas IY had no effect. Adding yeast products to the high-fibre diet affected total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and VFA composition, in general with a slight increase in IY and a significantly greater increase in response to the addition of YC. Ammonia nitrogen (P=0·006), total gas production (P<0·001) and in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVD) (P<0·001) showed the highest values with YC. Methane production was higher than the control when the IY inoculum was used, and increased even more with the YC inoculum (P<0·001). With the high-concentrate TMR, no effects on total VFA concentration were observed when yeast additives were used. Similar trends were shown for lactate and methane production and total gas production, where values tended to be higher when using the YC inoculum (P values of 0·055, <0·001, 0·006 and <0·001, respectively). After 144 h of incubation, differences were observed only with the high-fibre diet in the cumulative gas production at 24 h of incubation and in the average fermentation rate, which was greater with YC, although the asymptotic gas production was not affected. These results indicate that live yeasts affect ruminal fermentation slightly more than inactivated yeasts, although both products require a regular administration and some adaptation of the ruminal microbial population for the stimulatory effects to become apparent. The effects of yeasts on ruminal fermentation are diet-dependent, being more noticeable with a high-fibre substrate, and subtle with a high-concentrate diet.

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Changes in the rumen microbial population and its activities during the refaunation period after the reintroduction of ciliate protozoa into the rumen of defaunated sheep

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m93-009 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 61-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Alan G. Williams ◽

Susan E. Withers

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Population ◽

Microbial Population ◽

Microbial Populations ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Microbial Activities ◽

Ruminal Ph ◽

Ruminal Digestion ◽

Phase Population ◽

Ciliate Protozoa ◽

In Sacco

Changes in the microbial populations, their activities, and the ruminal fermentation were monitored for 50 d following the reintroduction of ciliate protozoa into four defaunated sheep. A protozoal population was reestablished successfully in each recipient, using a washed inoculum containing approximately 103 cells, although there were between-animal differences in the rates of recolonization and genus establishment. Entodinium spp. predominated in the initial stages of the refaunation period and had an apparent maximal generation time of 9–10 h. Bacterial and fungal numbers did not decline following the reintroduction of protozoa and a small transient increase in the numbers of amylolytic and xylanolytic bacteria and fungal zoospores occurred in the early stages of refaunation when the protozoal population was < 105/g ruminal contents, but these subsequently declined as the protozoa established. Although the fibrolytic bacterial population was lowest in period 3 (> 105 protozoa/g), the in sacco ruminal digestion of Lolium perenne hay and polysaccharolytic enzyme activities in the solids-associated populations were either maintained or increased when protozoa were present confirming the important contribution of protozoa to fibre breakdown in the rumen. Significant changes in ruminal microbial activities occurred after protozoal reinoculation but before the rumen had refaunated completely. Arylamidase activities in the liquor-phase population and ruminal ammonia concentrations increased significantly within 48 h of transfaunation; the magnitude of the effects became more pronounced as the protozoal population developed. However, volatile fatty acid formation and ruminal pH were not affected after the reintroduction of protozoa.Key words: rumen, sheep, ciliate protozoa.

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