DESIGN OF A NOVEL STENTED VALVE AND 3D MODELING OF ITS IMPLANTATION IN THE AORTA

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Praveen Kumar ◽  
Lazar Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
3D Modeling ◽  
Geometric Modeling ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Bioprosthetic Heart Valve ◽  
3D Cad ◽  
Percutaneous Aortic Valve Replacement ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
Valve Model

Objective: To design a novel percutaneous stented valve and model its implantation in the aorta.Background: The dimensions of stented aortic valve components govern its ability to prevent backflow of blood into the left ventricle. Whilst the theoretical parameters for the best stent performance have already been established, an effective valve model and its suitability along with the stent are lacking.Methods: This article discusses the design of a stented valve suitable for percutaneous aortic valve replacement. Steps involved in 3D CAD-based geometric modeling of the stented aortic valve and its implantation in the aorta are presented. Conceptual designing of individual components was used to build the total geometric model.Results: A novel geometric model of percutaneous stented aortic valve was generated. The improved design enhances its performance during and after implantation.Conclusion: The blunt hooks in the stent model prevent its migration in either direction by getting embedded in the aortic endothelium. This novel stent aortic valve may be of great interest to designers of future bioprosthetic heart valve models, as well as to surgeons involved in minimally invasive valve surgeries.

scholarly journals How to deal with low-flow low-gradient aortic stenosis and reduced left ventricle ejection fraction: from literature review to tips for clinical practice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Contorni ◽  
M. Fineschi ◽  
A. Iadanza ◽  
A. Santoro ◽  
G. E. Mandoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Left Ventricle Ejection Fraction ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve ◽  
Valve Implantation

AbstractLow-flow low-gradient aortic stenosis (LFLG AS) with reduced left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) is still a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The aim of this paper is to review the latest evidences about the assessment of the valvular disease, usually difficult because of the low-flow status, and the therapeutic options. Special emphasis is given to the available diagnostic tools for the characterization of LFLG AS without functional reserve at stress echocardiography and to the factors that clinicians should evaluate to choose between surgical aortic valve repair, transcatheter aortic valve implantation, or medical therapy.

Echocardiographic assessment of the aortic valve and left ventricular outflow tract

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (S1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Asante-Korang ◽  
Robert H. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Left Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽  
Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Outflow Tract ◽  
Left Heart ◽  
Transesophageal Echocardiogram ◽  
Left Ventricular Outflow ◽  
Echocardiographic Assessment

The previous reviews in this section of our Supplement1,2 have summarized the anatomic components of the ventriculo-arterial junctions, and then assessed the echocardiographic approach to the ventriculo-arterial junction or junctions as seen in the morphologically right ventricle. In this complementary review, we discuss the echocardiographic assessment of the comparable components found in the morphologically left ventricle, specifically the outflow tract and the arterial root. We will address the echocardiographic anatomy of the aortic valvar complex, and we will review the causes of congenital arterial valvar stenosis, using the aortic valve as our example. We will also review the various lesions that, in the outflow of the morphologically left ventricle, can produce subvalvar and supravalvar stenosis. We will then consider the salient features of the left ventricular outflow tract in patients with discordant ventriculo-arterial connections, and double outlet ventricles. To conclude the review, we will briefly address some rarer anomalies that involve the left ventricular outflow tract, showing how the transesophageal echocardiogram is used to assist the surgeon preparing for repair. The essence of the approach will be to consider the malformations as seen at valvar, subvalvar, or supravalvar levels,1 but we should not lose sight of the fact that aortic coarctation or interruption, hypoplasia of the left heart, and malformations of the mitral valve are all part of the spectrum of lesions associated with obstruction to the left ventricular outflow tract. These additional malformations, however, are beyond the scope of this review.

Original method of posterior aortoplasty for aortic valve replacement in surgical treatment of combined mitral-aortic valve diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
V. V. Popov ◽  
R. M. Vitovskyi ◽  
Yu. V. Bakhovska ◽  
O. O. Bolshak ◽  
K. Ye. Vakulenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Aortic Valve Replacement ◽  
Valve Replacement ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Early Postoperative Period ◽  
Ascending Aorta ◽  
Artificial Heart Valve ◽  
Class Iii

Objective. To research of possibilities of reconstruction of aorta`s ostium and ascending aorta during aortic valve replacement and simultaneous correction of mitral valve defects at patients with narrow aorta`s ostium. Materials and methods. The study group consisted of 46 patients with mitral-aortic heart diseases and combination with a narrow aortic mouth, who were operated on at the A Amosov National Institute of Cardiovascular surgery for the period from January 1, 2006 to January 1, 2020. All patients underwent reconstruction of the aortic root and ascending aorta according to the original method of posterior aortoplasty. There were 26 men (56.5%) and 20 women (43.5%). The age of patients ranged from 23 to 72 years (average - 58.4±7.3 years). 8 (17.4%) patients belonged to class III NYHA, 38 (82.6%) - to class IV. Results. Of the 46 operated patients at the hospital stage (30 days after surgery), 4 died (hospital mortality 8.7%). No fatalities were associated with surgical technique. The dynamics of echocardiographic parameters at the hospital stage was as follows: the systolic gradient on the aortic valve was before surgery 112.1 ± 15.2 mm Hg, on the aortic prosthesis at discharge - 23.2 ± 6.4 mm Hg; end-systolic index (ESI) of the left ventricle (ml/m²) - 59.1 ± 7.6 (before surgery) and 48.3 ± 5.9 (after surgery); left ventricle ejection fraction (EF) - 0.45 ± 0.04 (before surgery) and 0.53 ± 0.04 (after surgery). Conclusions. The proposed original technique of posterior aortoplasty allows to effectively expand the mouth of the aorta for further implantation of an artificial heart valve of larger diameter. The technique is quite safe. At the hospital stage there are no complications directly related to the technique of operations. At the early postoperative period, the morphometric parameters of the left ventricle (EF and ESI) improved. The technique can be successfully used for the correction of combined mitral-aortic valve defects.

Intraventricular flow visualization in different heart failure stages with blood pump support in a mock circulatory loop

2021 ◽  
pp. 039139882110214
Author(s):  
Guang-Mao Liu ◽  
Fu-Qing Jiang ◽  
Jiang-Ping Song ◽  
Sheng-Shou Hu
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Blood Pump ◽  
Blood Damage ◽  
Intraventricular Flow ◽  
Pump Inlet ◽  
Strong Vorticity

The intraventricular blood flow changed by blood pump flow dynamics may correlate with thrombosis and ventricular suction. The flow velocity, distribution of streamlines, vorticity, and standard deviation of velocity inside a left ventricle failing to different extents throughout the cardiac cycle when supported by an axial blood pump were measured by particle image velocimetry (PIV) in this study. The results show slower and static flow velocities existed in the central region of the left ventricle near the mitral valve and aortic valve and that were not sensitive to left ventricular (LV) failure degree or LV pressure. Strong vorticity located near the inner LV wall around the LV apex and the blood pump inlet was not sensitive to LV failure degree or LV pressure. Higher standard deviation of the blood velocity at the blood pump inlet decreased with increasing LV failure degree, whereas the standard deviation of the velocity near the atrium increased with increasing intraventricular pressure. The experimental results demonstrated that the risk of thrombosis inside the failing left ventricle is not related to heart failure degree. The “washout” performance of the strong vorticity near the inner LV wall could reduce the thrombotic potential inside the left ventricle and was not related to heart failure degree. The vorticity near the aortic valve was sensitive to LV failure degree but not to LV pressure. We concluded that the risk of blood damage caused by adverse flow inside the left ventricle decreased with increasing LV pressure.

scholarly journals The Method of High Accuracy Calculation of Robot Trajectory for the Complex Curves

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-252
Author(s):  
Alexander Lozhkin ◽  
Pavol Bozek ◽  
Konstantin Maiorov
Keyword(s):  
Calculation Method ◽  
Geometric Modeling ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
New Method ◽  
Approximation Methods ◽  
Linear Transformations ◽  
Design Quality ◽  
Complex Curves ◽  
Internal Properties

AbstractThe geometric model accuracy is crucial for product design. More complex surfaces are represented by the approximation methods. On the contrary, the approximation methods reduce the design quality. A new alternative calculation method is proposed. The new method can calculate both conical sections and more complex curves. The researcher is able to get an analytical solution and not a sequence of points with the destruction of the object semantics. The new method is based on permutation and other symmetries and should have an origin in the internal properties of the space. The classical method consists of finding transformation parameters for symmetrical conic profiles, however a new procedure for parameters of linear transformations determination was acquired by another method. The main steps of the new method are theoretically presented in the paper. Since a double result is obtained in most stages, the new calculation method is easy to verify. Geometric modeling in the AutoCAD environment is shown briefly. The new calculation method can be used for most complex curves and linear transformations. Theoretical and practical researches are required additionally.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document