Interiors of Terrestrial Planets in Metric-Affine Gravity

Using a semiempirical approach, we show that modified gravity affects the internal properties of terrestrial planets, such as their physical characteristics of a core, mantle, and core–mantle boundary. We also apply these findings for modeling a two-layer exoplanet in Palatini f(R) gravity.

Modeling of the criterion for predicting the loss of stability of discrete systems

The paper proposes a method for determining the estimated parameter of the stability state of discrete systems exposed to external influences. As a rule, the loss of stability of the first and second kind leads to a problematic operation process throughout the life cycle, or even the destruction of the system. Hence the requirements of a certain rigidity to the designed and operated systems in order to ensure their geometric immutability. At the same time, in practice, there are no naturally deformable systems from external influences. The paper sets and solves the problem of determining the stability parameter, with the help of which, even before the stage of loss of stability, it is possible to predict the future state of a discrete system, i.e. to predict whether it (the system) has sufficient internal properties to return to a stable position at any exit from the preliminary state of equilibrium due to the influence of external forces.

Sound emission of solid surfaces through bubble layer

The analysis of the influence of a thin homogeneous bubble layer on sound emission from a solid surface is carried out. Sound pulses and monochromatic wave packets with a carrier frequency equal to the resonant frequency of the bubbles forming the bubble layer are considered. It is shown that the bubble layer transforms short sound pulses into wave sound packets and significantly reduces the amplitude of the emitted sound. The structure of a sinusoidal wave packet is transformed similarly. A long sound pulse is stored in the form of a pulse, its shape changes significantly. A homogeneous bubble layer near a solid radiating surface is an open resonator. The layer generates far-field radiation with spectral lines depending on the method of layer excitation and the internal properties of the bubble layer. The resonant frequency of the bubble is the limiting frequency in the spectrum, but it is not distinguished by a separate line.

Romantic arts in modern mass culture

В статье рассматриваются некоторые виды романтического искусства, их связь с внешним и внутренним свойством личности, принцип субъективности. По Гегелю, в классическом искусстве имеет место совершенное слияние идеального содержания и чувственной формы. Но дух не есть просто единичный конечный дух, соединенный с единичным телом; он есть божественное и бесконечное. И в романтическом искусстве, христианском по всем своим целям и устремлениям, никакое чувственное воплощение не ощущается адекватным духовному содержанию. Определяется первое искусство в ряду романтических искусств, которое должно указанным способом сделать видимым свое содержание в формах внешнего человеческого облика и всех природных творений, но без того, чтобы задерживаться на чувственности и абстракции. Выполнение этой задачи ставит перед собой живопись. В статье определяется место массового искусства в современной культуре, где творческая личность как создатель и потребитель этого искусства транслирует новое искусство, которое должно выдерживать новую реальность XXI в. Этап смены укладов вносит в искусство свои правила и пожелания, а также требует подчиняться новым законам в художественной жизни современного общества. The paper discusses some types of romantic art, their connection with the external and internal properties of the person, and the principle of subjectivity. According to Hegel, in classical art there is a perfect fusion of ideal content and sensual form. But the spirit is not just a single finite spirit connected to a single body; it is divine and infinite. Also, in romantic art, which is Christian in all its goals and aspirations, no sensual embodiment is felt adequate to spiritual content. The first art in the range of romantic arts is defined, which should, in this way, make visible its content in the forms of external human appearance and all natural creations, but without lingering on sensuality and abstraction. The fulfillment of this task is set by painting. The publication defines the place of mass art in modern culture, where the creative personality, as the creator and consumer of this art, translates new art, which should withstand the new reality of the 21 century. The stage of changing styles introduces its rules and wishes into art, as well as requires obeying new laws in the artistic life of modern society.

Investigation of Some Subgroups in Determining the Frattini Subgroup of Non-Abelian Finite Groups

Frattini subgroup, Φ(G), of a group G is the intersection of all the maximal subgroups of G, or else G itself if G has no maximal subgroups. If G is a p-group, then Φ(G) is the smallest normal subgroup N such the quotient group G/N is an elementary abelian group. It is against this background that the concept of p-subgroup and fitting subgroup play a significant role in determining Frattini subgroup (especially its order) of dihedral groups. A lot of scholars have written on Frattini subgroup, but no substantial relationship has so far been identified between the parent group G and its Frattini subgroup Φ(G) which this tries to establish using the approach of Jelten B. Napthali who determined some internal properties of non abelian groups where the centre Z(G) takes its maximum size.

Deep-insight visible neural network (DI-VNN) for improving interpretability of a non-image deep learning model by data-driven ontology

We aimed to provide a framework that organizes internal properties of a convolutional neural network (CNN) model using non-image data to be interpretable by human. The interface was represented as ontology map and network respectively by dimensional reduction and hierarchical clustering techniques. The applicability is to implement a prediction model either to classify categorical or to estimate numerical outcome, including but not limited to that using data from electronic health records. This pipeline harnesses invention of CNN algorithms for non-image data while improving the depth of interpretability by data-driven ontology. However, the DI-VNN is only for exploration beyond its predictive ability, which requires further explanatory studies, and needs a human user with specific competences in medicine, statistics, and machine learning to explore the DI-VNN with high confidence. The key stages consisted of data preprocessing, differential analysis, feature mapping, network architecture construction, model training and validation, and exploratory analysis.

Wear and Fragmentation Resistance of Mineral Aggregates—A Review of Micro-Deval and Los Angeles Tests

The aim of this article is to present the current knowledge and experiences related to wear and fragmentation resistance tests and to indicate those of their aspects that require further research. For this purpose, a review of the literature was performed. Results show that tests of resistance to wear (the MDE/DS test) and fragmentation (the LA test) are performed worldwide according to different standards (and thus following different test methods), which prevents a comparison of the obtained results. Comparative research into the MDE/DS and LA tests indicates that the MDE/DS test is more effective. The disadvantage of both tests lies in the dimension range of the aggregate. In addition, the use of steel balls in the LA test may not reflect the actual influence that the internal properties of the material have on the fragmentation process. A final review of the available knowledge allowed the formulation of proposals regarding further research directions, such as proposed changes of test methods, extensive analysis, and selection of optimal dimensions for tested aggregates, analysis of short-term and long-term tests, as well as extensive research into and an analysis of the impact of crushing on the physical, mechanical, and geometric properties of aggregates.

Modulation of Conductivity and Contact Resistance of RuO2 Nanosheets via Metal Nano-Particles Surface Decoration

We studied the variation in electrical conductivity of exfoliated RuO2 nanosheets and the modulation in the contact resistance of individual nanosheet devices using charge transfer doping effects based on surface metal nanoparticle decorations. The electrical conductivity in the monolayer and bilayer RuO2 nanosheets gradually increased due to the surface decoration of Cu, and subsequently Ag, nanoparticles. We obtained contact resistances between the nanosheet and electrodes using the four-point and two-point probe techniques. Moreover, the contact resistances decreased during the surface decoration processes. We established that the surface decoration of metal nanoparticles is a suitable method for external contact engineering and the modulation of the internal properties of nanomaterials.

A Roof of Greenery, but a Sky of Unexplored Relations—Meta-Analysis of Factors and Properties That Affect Green Roof Hydrological and Thermal Performances

Green roofs are expected to contribute to the mitigation of multiple environmental issues that affect urban areas. Owing to their composition, organization, and external factors, the performances of green roofs have been demonstrated to be overall positive but strongly variable. Our work first aims at proposing consensual definitions and a frame adapted to these biotic-abiotic systems. It also aims at shedding light on the qualitative relations between various internal properties and external factors of green roofs on their hydrological and thermal performances. One hundred relevant study papers were filtered from 395 papers as per our defined search criteria based on originality and precision. The expectations were to be capable of hierarchizing factors and properties that would influence the performances of green roofs. The main findings highlighted that most factors and properties have a positive influence on the performances of green roofs, showing there are many existing levers to enhance the green roof performances and tackle some of the main urban environmental issues. However, even if previous research has already explored various relations, in the final filtered consideration of 6 performances and 30 factors and properties, there was a possibility of 180 combined factor–property–performance relations studies overall. Out of these possibilities, only 82 have been studied at least once, leaving the other 98 relations (54%) unexplored. Considering that these lists were far from exhaustive, a huge potential in determining green roof performances remains unearthed. In this regard, various proposals have been made regarding: (i) identification of levers to enhance the performances of green roofs; (ii) filling the gaps: the exploration of the unstudied relations; (iii) promotion of deeper and innovative experimental approaches for research on green roof performances; and (iv) the shift from mono to transdisciplinary research about green roofs.

An aerosol classification scheme for global simulations using the K-means machine learning method

A machine learning K-means algorithm is applied to data of seven aerosol properties from a global aerosol simulation using EMAC-MADE3. The aim is to partition the aerosol properties across the global atmosphere in specific aerosol regimes. K-means is an unsupervised machine learning method with the advantage that an a priori definition of the aerosol classes is not required. Using K-means, we are able to quantitatively define global aerosol regimes, so-called aerosol clusters, and explain their internal properties as well as their location and extension. This analysis shows that aerosol regimes in the lower troposphere are strongly influenced by emissions. Key drivers of the clusters’ internal properties and spatial distribution are, for instance, pollutants from biomass burning/biogenic sources, mineral dust, anthropogenic pollution, as well as their mixing. Several continental clusters propagate into oceanic regions. The identified oceanic regimes show a higher degree of pollution in the northern hemisphere than over the southern oceans. With increasing altitude, the aerosol regimes propagate from emission-induced clusters in the lower troposphere to roughly zonally distributed regimes in the middle troposphere and in the tropopause region. Notably, three polluted clusters identified over Africa, India and eastern China, cover the whole atmospheric column from the lower troposphere to the tropopause region. A markedly wide application potential of the classification procedure is identified and further aerosol studies are proposed which could benefit from this classification.