Beam Forming Algorithm with Different Power Distribution for RFID Reader

2012 ◽  
pp. 64-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. M. Baki ◽  
Nemai Chandra Karmakar ◽  
Uditha Wijethilaka Bandara ◽  
Emran Md Amin
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Phase Shifter ◽  
Phase Synchronization ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Phase Error ◽  
Side Lobe ◽  
Array Antenna ◽  
Beam Forming ◽  
Phase Errors ◽  
Synchronization Phase

It is possible to achieve higher BE and lower SLL of array antenna by implementing different amplitude or phase distribution technique in the array antenna. The phase errors of the system should also be kept to a minimum in order to maintain lower SLL and higher BE. The phase errors can come from any of the stages: signal detection, MW/RF generation, amplifier/attenuator, phase synchronization, phase shifter, et cetera. The phase error can be reduced by using non-uniform element spacing. In this chapter some methods of SLL reduction and increase of BE by adopting some edge tapering concepts and minimization of phase errors by implementing non-uniform spacing of array elements are discussed. The spectrum below 10 GHz frequency will likely be congested, and the spreading of millimetre wave technology in different emerging wireless applications as well as associated increase in energy consumption will be witnessed in the near future. In this chapter some new and better beam forming techniques for optimization between side lobe levels and beam efficiency are discussed. Different frequency bands of RFID systems are also focused on in this chapter.

scholarly journals Electronically Steered MIMO Patch Antenna with Conformal Feeding for 5 G Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
monish gupta
Keyword(s):  
Input Signal ◽  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Phase Shifter ◽  
Side Lobe ◽  
Power Divider ◽  
Main Beam ◽  
Beam Forming ◽  
Side Lobe Level ◽  
Mimo Antenna ◽  
Wilkinson Power Divider

Abstract Multiple input multiple output antenna is the key technology which enables the design of 5 G networks. In order to achieve desired beam forming and side lobe reduction capabilities, antennas used in MIMO technology are required to feed with signals having different phase and amplitude. It is possible to achieve variable phase shift and variable attenuation using phase shifter and amplitude limiters. However when these devices are used between source and antenna, they makes the system non planner and non-conformal. This research presents a 16 element, multiple user MIMO Patch antenna with conformal and planner power divider network to achieve electronically steered beam along with desired side lobe level reduction. Wilkinson power divider is used to achieve conformal and planner power divider for MIMO antenna. Desired beam forming capabilities are achieved by controlling the phase of input signal to antennas by controlling the length of microstripline and desired side lobe reduction capabilities are achieved by controlling the amplitude of input signal to antenna by controlling the width of microstrip line used in Wilkinson power divider. This provides an overall planner and conformal structure. In this research same antenna is used is generate two major beams by controlling the phase and amplitude of input signal. The achieved radiation pattern of designed antenna consists of one major beams having gain of 18 dB and located at theta equal to 100 and Phi equal to 1800. When phase of input signal to antennas are changed a major beam having gain of 18 dB and located at theta equal to 100 and Phi equal to 2700 is obtained. The side lobe level less than 13 dB of main beam is achieved using designed antenna. The designed structure is simulated and analyzed using HFSS. Simulated results for the designed MIMO antenna are verified by analyzing the fabricating structure using vector network analyzer and horn antenna.

scholarly journals Miniaturization Design for 8 × 8 Butler Matrix Based on Back-to-Back Bilayer Microstrip

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhai ◽  
Xiaoxing Fang ◽  
Kejia Ding ◽  
Fei He
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Phase Shifter ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Phase Error ◽  
Butler Matrix ◽  
Relative Bandwidth ◽  
Indoor Wireless ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Fixed Phase ◽  
Better Than

A low-cost, compact 8 × 8 Butler matrix based on a novel bilayer microstrip configuration is presented and implemented for 4.3 GHz telecommunication application. A back-to-back placed bilayer microstrip structure has been proposed to avoid using crossover. To expand operational bandwidth of the Butler matrix, a three-branch line directional coupler has been employed as 3 dB/90° bridge, and a kind of improved two-order Schiffman phase shifter has been adopted as fixed phase shifter. For application of indoor wireless communication, a compact broadband 8 × 8 Butler matrix has been designed and fabricated. The measured results show that the return loss of the matrix is lower than −10 dB, the isolation is better than 17 dB, the power distribution error is less than ±2.0 dB, the phase error is less than ±15°, and the relative bandwidth is more than 23%.

scholarly journals Antena Susun Berpolarisasi Sirkular dengan Menggunakan Distribusi Daya Dolph Tschebycheff (Circularly Polarized Array Antenna Using Dolph Tschebycheff Power Distribution)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Citra Zaskia Pratiwi ◽  
Achmad Munir
Keyword(s):  
Circular Polarization ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Axial Ratio ◽  
Dielectric Substrate ◽  
Side Lobe ◽  
Array Antenna ◽  
Side Lobe Level ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Proximity Coupling

This paper discusses the design and realization of circularly polarized array antenna using Dolph Tschebycheff power distribution. The advantages of implementing circular polarization yield the array antenna suitable for outdoor communication system and can minimize the Faraday effect. The Dolph Tschebycheff power distribution is used to suppress the side lobe of array antenna. The proposed array antenna, which is intended to operate at the frequency of 5.3 GHz, consists of five square patch elements with seven diagonal slots upon each element to enhance the bandwidth and to produce the circular polarization. The array antenna is designed and realized using two layers of FR-4 epoxy dielectric substrate with the dimension of 119 mm × 44.1 mm and the thickness of 0.8 mm for each dielectric substrate. Each patch element is fed using a proximity coupling technique excited through a 50 Ω SMA connector. The measurement results show the bandwidth of 720 MHz, the side lobe level of 12.39 dB, the gain of more than 6 dBi around the frequency of 5.3 GHz, and the 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 200 MHz. It seems that the realized array antenna could produce wide bandwidth, low side lobe level, and circular polarization, so that it is suitable for WLAN application.

3-Mode reconfigurable beam-forming array antenna for mobile WLAN application

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Sung Tae ◽  
Hyeong-Seok Jang ◽  
Soo-Ji Lee ◽  
Wang-Sang Lee ◽  
Jong-Won Yu
Keyword(s):  
Array Antenna ◽  
Beam Forming

Unit Template Based Control of PV-DSTATCOM

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Gunjan Varshney ◽  
Durg S. Chauhan ◽  
Madhukar P. Dave ◽  
Nitin
Keyword(s):  
Power Quality ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Photovoltaic Array ◽  
Quality Issues ◽  
Static Compensator

Background: In modern electrical power distribution systems, Power Quality has become an important concern due to the escalating use of automatic, microprocessor and microcontroller based end user applications. Methods: In this paper, power quality improvement has done using Photovoltaic based Distribution Static Compensator (PV-DSTATCOM). Complete simulation modelling and control of Photovoltaic based Distribution Static Compensator have been provided in the presented paper. In this configuration, DSTATCOM is fed by solar photovoltaic array and PV module is also helpful to maintain the DC link voltage. The switching of PV-STATCOM is controlled by Unit template based control theory. Results: The performance of PV-DSTATCOM has been evaluated for Unity Power Factor (UPF) and AC Voltage Control (ACVC) modes. Here, for studying the power quality issues three-phase distribution system is considered and results have been verified through simulation based on MATLAB software. Conclusion: Different power quality issues and their improvement are studied and presented here for harmonic reduction, DC voltage regulation and power factor correction.

РАЗРАБОТКА СВЧ МОНОЛИТНЫХ ИНТЕГРАЛЬНЫХ СХЕМ МИЛЛИМЕТРОВОГО ДИАПАЗОНА НА ОСНОВЕ GAAS ДЛЯ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОКОММУНИКАЦИОННЫХ СИСТЕМАХ НОВОГО ПОКОЛЕНИЯ (5G)

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (3s) ◽  
pp. 321-324
Author(s):  
Е.В. Ерофеев ◽  
Д.А. Шишкин ◽  
В.В. Курикалов ◽  
А.В. Когай ◽  
И.В. Федин
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Power Amplifier ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Phase Shifter ◽  
Phase Error ◽  
Microwave Integrated Circuit ◽  
Gain Compression ◽  
Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Power Capability

В данной работе представлены результаты разработки СВЧ монолитной интегральной схемы шестиразрядного фазовращателя и усилителя мощности диапазона частот 26-30 ГГц. СКО ошибки по фазе и амплитуде фазовращателя составили 1,2 град. и 0,13 дБ соответственно. Максимальная выходная мощность и КПД по добавленной мощности усилителя в точке сжатия Ку на 1 дБ составили 30 дБм и 20 % соответственно. This paper describes the design, layout, and performance of 6-bit phase shifter and power amplifier monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC), 26-30 GHz band. Phase shifter MMIC has RMS phase error of 1.2 deg. And RMD amplitude error is 0.13 dB. MMIC power amplifier has output power capability of 30 dBm at 1 dB gain compression (P-1dB) and PAE of 20 %.

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