scholarly journals Electronically Steered MIMO Patch Antenna with Conformal Feeding for 5 G Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
monish gupta
Keyword(s):  
Input Signal ◽  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Phase Shifter ◽  
Side Lobe ◽  
Power Divider ◽  
Main Beam ◽  
Beam Forming ◽  
Side Lobe Level ◽  
Mimo Antenna ◽  
Wilkinson Power Divider

Abstract Multiple input multiple output antenna is the key technology which enables the design of 5 G networks. In order to achieve desired beam forming and side lobe reduction capabilities, antennas used in MIMO technology are required to feed with signals having different phase and amplitude. It is possible to achieve variable phase shift and variable attenuation using phase shifter and amplitude limiters. However when these devices are used between source and antenna, they makes the system non planner and non-conformal. This research presents a 16 element, multiple user MIMO Patch antenna with conformal and planner power divider network to achieve electronically steered beam along with desired side lobe level reduction. Wilkinson power divider is used to achieve conformal and planner power divider for MIMO antenna. Desired beam forming capabilities are achieved by controlling the phase of input signal to antennas by controlling the length of microstripline and desired side lobe reduction capabilities are achieved by controlling the amplitude of input signal to antenna by controlling the width of microstrip line used in Wilkinson power divider. This provides an overall planner and conformal structure. In this research same antenna is used is generate two major beams by controlling the phase and amplitude of input signal. The achieved radiation pattern of designed antenna consists of one major beams having gain of 18 dB and located at theta equal to 100 and Phi equal to 1800. When phase of input signal to antennas are changed a major beam having gain of 18 dB and located at theta equal to 100 and Phi equal to 2700 is obtained. The side lobe level less than 13 dB of main beam is achieved using designed antenna. The designed structure is simulated and analyzed using HFSS. Simulated results for the designed MIMO antenna are verified by analyzing the fabricating structure using vector network analyzer and horn antenna.

scholarly journals Conformal Array Pattern Synthesis Using a Hybrid WARP/2LB-MOPSO Algorithm

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roghieh Karimzadeh Baee ◽  
Keyvan Forooraghi ◽  
Somayyeh Chamaani
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Mutual Coupling ◽  
Side Lobe ◽  
Penalty Functions ◽  
Main Beam ◽  
Side Lobe Level ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Pattern Synthesis ◽  
Conformal Array ◽  
Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization

This paper addresses conformal array synthesis as a constrained multiobjective optimization problem. Simultaneous reduction of side lobe level (SLL) and cross-polarization (XPL) level is aimed with a constraint on main beam direction. A hybrid of weighted alternating reverse projection (WARP) and two local best multiobjective particle swarm optimization (2LB-MOPSO) is proposed to optimize the pattern. First, the WARP method finds a moderate and feasible solution. Second, 2LB-MOPSO begins with an initial population including the solution of WARP and penalty functions for constraint handling. Involving WARP result in the initial population of 2LB-MOPSO leads to higher convergence rate, avoiding local extermum traps and less sensitivity to penalty functions. Compared to WARP method which stagnates rapidly, the proposed hybrid method gives better SLL and XPL after adequate iterations. In addition, as 2LB-MOPSO offers a set of optimum solutions (Pareto front) instead of a single solution, this method provides more degrees of freedom in selection of proper practical arrays. Finally, to examine the mutual coupling consideration in array design, the same procedure was applied ignoring the mutual coupling between elements. The results show that the SLL and XPL strongly depend on mutual coupling.

A Beam Forming Method Based on Amplitude Weighting of Uniform Circular Array

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 3722-3725
Author(s):  
Jin Lin Wang ◽  
Yong Qing Fu ◽  
Xue Liu
Keyword(s):  
Influence Factors ◽  
Side Lobe ◽  
New Method ◽  
Beam Forming ◽  
Side Lobe Level ◽  
Signal Model ◽  
Theoretical Derivation ◽  
Linear Arrays ◽  
Planar Array ◽  
Beam Directivity

The uniform circular planar array (UCA) has lots of advantages what linear arrays and other surface arrays don't have. However, because of its limitations, such as the high side-lobe level and low zero depth, the application on controlling array space direction by beam forming has been limited. Considering the characteristics of UCA, the receiving UCA's signal model is established in this paper. The influence factors of UCA's beam will be found out on the basis of theoretical derivation. A new method, that can improve the performance of the UCA beam directivity by amplitude weighting, is proposed in this paper. The theoretical derivation results and simulation results improved that the method could have a better ability in side-lobe suppression, and the new method could make the UCA to have a good application prospect.

scholarly journals Different Structural Modification Methods of the Patch for Reducing the Size of An Microstrip Patch Antenna

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Nayla Ferdous ◽  
Goh Chin Hock ◽  
Saidatul Hamidah A. Hamid ◽  
Mohamad Nazri Abdul Raman ◽  
Tiong Sieh Kiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Structural Modification ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Side Lobe ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Microstrip Patch Antenna ◽  
Side Lobe Level ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Microstrip Patch

The aim of this paper is to present a simulation and analysis of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna with three different structural modifications to reduce the size of the antenna. We have tried to decrease the size of the antenna by inducing three different shaped slits inside the patch of the antenna. All these models have been designed and analyzed using CST Microwave Studio software. For designing the antennas, Flame Retardant 4 (FR-4 lossy) has been used as the substrate material with a dielectric constant of Ԑr=4.3. The antenna works at the frequency of 2.4 GHz. Performance characteristics such as return loss S11 parameter<-10 dB, directivity, side lobe level, gain and bandwidth of each of the modified designs are obtained and compared with the original design. We were able to reduce the size by maximum 18% and minimum 7% by only inducing the slits, while maintain the performance. 

scholarly journals Improving the Performances of Microstrip Antenna Array using Defected Ground Structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1081-1086
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Mutual Coupling ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Side Lobe ◽  
Power Divider ◽  
Side Lobe Level ◽  
Patch Antennas ◽  
Defected Ground Structure ◽  
Ground Structure

In this paper, a two elements antenna array with defective ground structure (DGS) has been designed to achieve significant gain, polarization purity and reduced mutual coupling. A 3 port Wilkinson power divider has been designed at 4.5 GHz frequency to obtain equal power distribution at the output ports. Two Rectangular microstrip patch antennas with DGS at the corners yield improved gain, impedance matching and polarization purity in both E and H plane. The reduction of mutual coupling and side lobe level (SLL) have been achieved by placing the dumbbell shaped DGS bellow the feed line of the power divider. The radiation performances obtained using the fabricated prototype agrees well with that of the simulated one. This array has been designed for C-band application.

Pattern Synthesis of Circular Array Antenna by Improved Genetic Algorithm

2012 ◽  
Vol 236-237 ◽  
pp. 896-900
Author(s):  
Gong Wei Ren ◽  
Cheng Hua Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Side Lobe ◽  
Array Antenna ◽  
Main Beam ◽  
Side Lobe Level ◽  
Improved Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Pattern Synthesis ◽  
Multi Objective Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Real Coded Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Crossover And Mutation

Propose an application of multi-objective genetic algorithm (GA) for pattern synthesis of circular arrays with equally spaced isotropic elements. Aim at reduce the side-lobe level and deep the null of array antenna patterns, adopt improved real-coded genetic algorithm, which modify the crossover operator and mutation operator compare with standard GA, both the crossover and mutation probability adjustable in accordance with the generation numbers, in the final, the approach for antenna pattern synthesis can suppress interferences by deep the nulls at directions of interfering sources and placing main beam in direction of desired signal by controlling amplitude weights. Numerical results show effectiveness of the procedure proposed.

scholarly journals Design of UAVs-Based 3D Antenna Arrays for a Maximum Performance in Terms of Directivity and SLL

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Garza ◽  
Marco A. Panduro ◽  
Alberto Reyna ◽  
Gerardo Romero ◽  
Carlos del Rio
Keyword(s):  
Multiobjective Optimization ◽  
Differential Evolution ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Side Lobe ◽  
Formation Flight ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Side Lobe Level ◽  
Cavity Model ◽  
Maximum Performance

This paper presents a design of UAVs-based 3D antenna arrays for a maximum performance in terms of directivity and side lobe level (SLL). This paper illustrates how to model the UAVs formation flight using 3D nonuniform antenna arrays. This design of 3D antenna arrays considers the optimization of the positions of the antenna elements to model the UAVs formation flight. In this case, a disk patch antenna is chosen to be used as element in each UAV. The disk patch antenna is formulated by the well-known cavity model. The synthesis process is carried out by the method of Differential Evolution for Multiobjective Optimization (DEMO). Furthermore, a comparison of the performance of 3D nonuniform antenna arrays is provided with respect to the most conventional arrays (circular, planar, linear, and the cubic) for UAVs formation flight.

scholarly journals Investigation on SIW Slot Antenna Array with Beam Scanning Ability

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfei Li ◽  
Yang Li
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Antenna Array ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Beam Width ◽  
Side Lobe ◽  
Slot Antenna ◽  
Main Beam ◽  
Side Lobe Level ◽  
Substrate Integrated Waveguide ◽  
Beam Scanning

A sparse substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) slot antenna array and its application on phase scanning are studied in this paper. The genetic algorithm is used to optimize the best arrangement for 8-element and 7-element sparse arrays over an aperture of 4.5λ0. Antenna arrays with feeding networks, for steering the main beam pointing to 0° and −15°, are demonstrated with the SIW technology. The comparison between the sparse array and the conventional uniformly spaced array with the same aperture are presented, which suggest that the same beam width can be obtained with the gain decreased by 0.5 or 1 dBi and the number of element reduced by 2 or 3, respectively. The sparse antenna array with beam scanning ability presented in this paper shows that, while the beam scanning in the range of ±15°, the gain fluctuation is less than 0.3 dBi and the side lobe level is lower than −10 dB.

scholarly journals A Hybrid GA/GE Beamforming Technique for Side Lobe Cancellation of Linear Antenna Arrays

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
S. I. Abdelrahman ◽  
A. H. Hussein ◽  
A. E. A. Shaalan
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Side Lobe ◽  
Main Beam ◽  
Side Lobe Level ◽  
Linear Antenna ◽  
Gauss Elimination ◽  
Half Power ◽  
Beamforming Technique ◽  
Linear Antenna Arrays

Side lobe level reduction is one of the most critical research topics in antenna arrays beamforming as it mitigates the interfering and jamming signals. In this paper, a hybrid combination between the Genetic algorithm (GA) optimization technique and the gauss elimination (GE) equation solving technique is utilized for the introduction of the proposed GA/GE beamforming technique for linear antenna arrays. The proposed technique estimates the optimum excitation coefficients and the non-uniform inter-elements spacing for a specific side lobe (SL) cancellation without disturbing the half power beamwidth (HPBW) of the main beam. Different size Chebychev linear antenna arrays are taken as simulation targets. The simulation results revealed the effectiveness of the proposed technique

scholarly journals A Feeding Network with Chebyshev Distribution for Designing Low Side-lobe Level Antenna Arrays

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toan The Tang ◽  
Tran Minh Nguyen ◽  
Giang Truong Vu Bang
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Linear Array ◽  
Side Lobe ◽  
Power Divider ◽  
Side Lobe Level ◽  
Linear Antenna ◽  
Sidelobe Level ◽  
Weighting Method ◽  
Low Sidelobe ◽  
Linear Antenna Arrays

This paper proposes a feeding networking to gain low sidelobe levels for microstrip linear antenna arrays. The procedure to design a feeding network using Chebyshev weighting method will be proposed and presented. As a demonstration, a feeding network for 8×1 elements linear array with Chebyshev distribution weights (preset sidelobe level of -25 dB) has been designed. An unequal T-junction power divider has been applied in designing the feeding network to guarantee the output powers the same as Chebyshev weights. The obtained results of the amplitudes at each output port have been validated with theory data. The phases of output signals are almost equal at all ports. The proposed feeding network, therefore, can be a good candidate for constructing a low sidelobe level linear array antenna.

scholarly journals Multiobjective Synthesis of Steerable UWB Circular Antenna Array considering Energy Patterns

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leopoldo A. Garza ◽  
Marco A. Panduro ◽  
David H. Covarrubias ◽  
Alberto Reyna
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Side Lobe ◽  
Main Beam ◽  
Side Lobe Level ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Circular Array ◽  
Circular Arrays ◽  
True Time ◽  
Uwb Applications ◽  
Circular Antenna Array

True-time delay antenna arrays have gained a prominent attention in ultrawideband (UWB) applications such as directional communications and radar. This paper presents the design of steerable UWB circular array by using a multiobjective time-domain synthesis of energy pattern for circular antenna arrays. By this way we avoid individual beamforming for each frequency in UWB spectrum if the problem was addressed from the frequency domain. In order to obtain an energy pattern with low side lobe level and a desired main beam, the synthesis presented is performed by optimizing the true-time delays and amplitude coefficients for the antenna elements in a circular geometry. The method of Differential Evolution for Multiobjective Optimization (DEMO) is used as the optimization algorithm in this work. This design of steerable UWB circular arrays considers the optimization of the true-time exciting delays and the amplitude coefficients across the antenna elements to operate with optimal performance in the whole azimuth plane (360°). A comparative analysis of the performance of the optimized design with the case of conventional progressive delay excitations is achieved. The provided results show a good performance for energy patterns and for their respective power patterns in the UWB spectrum.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document