Innovation in Financing Mechanism of Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

2013 ◽  
pp. 1152-1191
Author(s):  
Kunal
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Fund Flow ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Financing Mechanism ◽  
Development Goals

This research work presents a conceptual framework used for analyzing financing mechanism for ICT projects. The focus is on developing countries with a focus on bridging digital divide and using ICT services for economic development. This is an effort in achieving millennium development goals, and the conventional financing mechanism of international organizations has been summarized. The aim is to increase the effectiveness of investment, and for the same purpose, a number of new financing mechanisms are devised by funding organization/agencies. These innovative mechanisms have been summarized with special focus on advantages and disadvantages. The graphic illustrations help in understanding fund flow in financing mechanism. These innovative mechanisms are further explained with the help of cases. A number of innovative financing mechanisms have been presented, which can be adopted for ICT projects in developing countries.

Innovation in Financing Mechanism of Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

2012 ◽  
pp. 196-237
Author(s):  
Kunal
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Fund Flow ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Financing Mechanism ◽  
Development Goals

This research work presents a conceptual framework used for analyzing financing mechanism for ICT projects. The focus is on developing countries with a focus on bridging digital divide and using ICT services for economic development. This is an effort in achieving millennium development goals, and the conventional financing mechanism of international organizations has been summarized. The aim is to increase the effectiveness of investment, and for the same purpose, a number of new financing mechanisms are devised by funding organization/agencies. These innovative mechanisms have been summarized with special focus on advantages and disadvantages. The graphic illustrations help in understanding fund flow in financing mechanism. These innovative mechanisms are further explained with the help of cases. A number of innovative financing mechanisms have been presented, which can be adopted for ICT projects in developing countries.

ICT in Medical Education in Trinidad and Tobago

2008 ◽  
pp. 2008-2013
Author(s):  
Marilyn Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Geographic Position ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Access Information ◽  
Physically Challenged

Information and communication technology (ICT) allows users to access information without taking geographic position into account. These users are also unconstrained by time, volume, or format of the information. ICT applications have enormous potential as a tool for aiding development in countries such as Trinidad and Tobago. Telemedicine, which can provide medical services to persons in isolated places, in emergencies, to the homebound, or the physically challenged, is but one example. Mansell and Wehn de Montalvo (1998) noted that “ICT applications facilitate telemedicine” (p. 85), and that “economic development can be fostered by tele-working and tele-services in some developing countries” (p. 83).

Ambient Learning Conceptual Framework for Bridging Digital Divide in Higher Education

2015 ◽  
pp. 417-446
Author(s):  
Simon Nyaga Mwendia ◽  
Peter Waiganjo Wagacha ◽  
Robert Oboko
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
International Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Learning Context ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Ict Development ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Digital Gap

According to ITU (2012), digital divide is the difference between countries in terms of levels of ICT development. This difference remains significant. In 2011, the ICT Development Index (IDI) value of developed countries (6.52) was twice as high as that of developing countries (3.24). The need to link the digital divide for universal broadband Internet access is within the key international development goals, which include World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) goals and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Ambient learning is the next generation of M-learning (Bick, Kummer, Pawlowski, & Veith, 2007), which allows flexible content access by considering learner's current situation and learning context (Kofod-Petersen, et al., 2008). However, ambient learning has not yet attained a state of common understanding (Winker, Scharf, Hahn, & Herczeg, 2011) and is not widely used or adopted (Bick, et al., 2007). This chapter presents a theoretical conceptual framework to foster creativity for innovative ambient learning applications, which can be used to bridge the digital gap between universities in developed and developing countries.

Realigning Governance

2015 ◽  
pp. 1555-1581
Author(s):  
Bongani Ngwenya
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
New Phenomena ◽  
And Diffusion

This chapter posits that Governance realignment from e-Government to e-Democracy constitutes a critical context for social and economic development in both developed and developing countries. E-Government and e-Democracy are not new phenomena in most developed countries and some developing countries in Asia and Africa. However, the degrees of political and economic variations between developed and developing countries poses a serious challenge to the efforts towards realignment of governance for social and economic development attainment. The findings in this chapter are that social and economic development lie at the intersection of e-Government and e-Democracy processes of governance realignment. Asymmetry in institutionalisation, and diffusion of e-Democracy amongst countries is widely attributed to economic and political variations in these countries. Unless these differences are skillfully identified and accommodated as such into the development and use models, e-Democracy efforts will not help achieve social and economic development goals, particularly those of developing countries.

The Unintended Consequence

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Nemati ◽  
Amna Latif
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Unintended Consequence ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
The Law

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are an important factor in the socio-economic development of transitioning and developing countries. Given the importance of ICT in global social and economic development, many researchers have examined its development and growth strategies from national and governmental policy perspectives. However, understanding the consequences of information and communication technologies in developing countries is complex and far from certain. Given the ambiguity, complexity, and diversity of what constitutes ICT, Heeks (2002) suggested the existence of incongruencies between what policy makers envision as ICT and the actuality of what is ultimately manifested, proposing the “design-actuality gap” framework to understand this inconsistency. Baqir et al. (2009) extended the design-actuality gap framework to show that the dimensions of design maybe different than those of the actuality, but did not provide an explanation for this gap. In this paper, the authors posit that the gap can only be explained based on the law of “unintended consequence” (Merton, 1936). This phenomenon can best be seen in developing nations where ICT’s impact on socio-economic development is exaggerated. The authors present the case of the Islamic Republic of Iran and show how the law of unintended consequence can explain the major chasm that exists between ICT development and the actuality of use.

ICT in Regional Development

2005 ◽  
pp. 387-392
Author(s):  
Saundarjya Borbora ◽  
Mrinal Kanti Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Internet Connections ◽  
The Developed Countries

Economic development and information and communication technology (ICT) are found to move together in the present day era of globalization. ICT can contribute significantly in economic development of a region by providing adequate information at the minimum of time and cost, thereby enhancing productivity in different sectors of an economy. This fact is substantiated by several studies (Kraemer & Dedrick, 2001; Pohjola, 2001). Some country specific studies like that of Singapore (Wong, 2001) also highlighted similar results. ICT diffusion in the world has been quite rapid since the mid 1990s. While the developed countries have benefited substantially from the ICT growth, the developing countries could not reap similar benefits out of it which has resulted in emergence of a digital divide across the countries (Economist, 2000; Nkrumah, 2000; Norris, 2001). This divide is noticed not only across countries but also within a country and this is more prominent in developing economies like India. ICT diffusion is another area which needs more attention in India as it will lead to ICT access and application of ICT in real sectors to increase productivity and output. During the past one decade India has made rapid advances in ICT growth as reflected in the increase in the number of Internet connections and users. The growth of Internet connections and users in the country is shown in Table 1.

ICT in Medical Education in Trinidad and Tobago

2005 ◽  
pp. 382-386
Author(s):  
Marilyn Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Geographic Position ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Access Information ◽  
Physically Challenged

Information and communication technology (ICT) allows users to access information without taking geographic position into account. These users are also unconstrained by time, volume, or format of the information. ICT applications have enormous potential as a tool for aiding development in countries such as Trinidad and Tobago. Telemedicine, which can provide medical services to persons in isolated places, in emergencies, to the homebound, or the physically challenged, is but one example. Mansell and Wehn de Montalvo (1998) noted that “ICT applications facilitate telemedicine” (p. 85), and that “economic development can be fostered by tele-working and tele-services in some developing countries” (p. 83).

A Framework for Narrowing the Digital Divide

2003 ◽  
pp. 104-115
Author(s):  
Alexander Osterwalder ◽  
Mathias Rossi ◽  
Minyue Dong
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Business Model ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
New Information ◽  
Information And Communication

The bridging of the so-called digital divide is an important issue in today’s development efforts of international and non-governmental organizations and developing countries. This does not only concern access to new information and communication technology (ICT) such as the Internet, but also access to the knowledge how to use these technologies for economic development. This chapter outlines the business model framework and the business model handbook that shall help to develop a knowledgeable class of e-entrepreneurs that are able to use ICT and to detect the opportunities of the Internet era.

scholarly journals On the State of L1 and L2 Knowledge in FL Learners: A Review of Issues

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 334-346
Author(s):  
Hosni Mostafa El-Dali
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
First Language ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
The State ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
L1 And L2

There  has  been  extensive  research  into  how  L1   affects  L2,  commonly  known  as ‘negative influence’, but a lot less about the opposite direction, commonly known as ‘Reverse or  Backward’  transfer.  As  well  as  the  first  language  influences  the  second,  the  second language influences the first.  The present study, therefore, attempts to examine and critically review  pertinent  research  into  the  question  of bidirectional  influence  between  languages. First, it traces the conceptual framework of the notion L1→L2  effect.  Second, it attempts to demonstrate how an emerging new language (L2) affects the existing L1.  Third, it examines the pedagogical aspects of both directions, as manifested in L2 classroom.  Special focus will be given to how the concept of “multicompetence”  sees the goal of L2  learning and how language teaching should reflect such a goal.  In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of using   learners’   first   language   in  L2    classroom   will   be   highlighted   and   specific methodological recommendations will be made.

scholarly journals New Technologies Adoption and Diffusion Patterns in Developing Countries. An Empirical Study for the Period 2000-2011

Equilibrium ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Lechman
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The World ◽  
Information And Communication

In recent years, enormous changes are noted worldwide during broad  adoption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). These unique  technologies – often perceived as economic development incentives – have a great  ability to spread at high pace and low cost in countries all over the world, bringing  people opportunities to contribute to economic development and growth. New Technologies  play a special role in developing countries, where their in-country adoption  lies in the centre of development strategies. ICT are treated as tools which bring  people access to information, education and knowledge, offering unlimited possibilities  for wealth-creation.  The paper, purely empirical in nature, reports on the pace of adoption of new Information  and Communication Technologies in developing countries, and – additionally  – investigates country-specific ICT diffusion patterns. We expect to uncover  the S-shape curve in the diffusion process in most of developing countries, as well as  in the whole country sample.  For the analysis purposes, we apply all counties which – according to the World  Bank nomenclature – are classified as low-income and lower-middle-income econ-  omies. Our sample covers 46 countries (upper-middle-income and high-income  economies are excluded from the study purposefully) which are classified as developing  economies. The time framework is set for the period of 2000-2011. All data  necessary for the analysis are derived from World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators  Database 2012 (16th edition).

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