Tag Identification Protocols in RFID Systems

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Francesca Lonetti ◽  
Francesca Martelli
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Production Control ◽  
Tag Identification ◽  
Rfid Systems ◽  
Animal Identification ◽  
Control Production ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Application Fields

Fast and reliable identification of multiple objects that are present at the same time is very important in many applications. A very promising technology for this purpose is Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), which is fast pervading many application fields, like public transportation and ticketing, access control, production control, animal identification, and localization of objects and people. The problem approached in this chapter is the tag identification in RFID systems. This problem occurs when several tags try to answer at the same time to a reader query. If more than one tag answers, their messages will collide on the RF communication channel, and the reader cannot identify these tags. There are two families of protocols for approaching the tag collision problem: a family of probabilistic protocols, and a family of deterministic ones. In this chapter, the authors give an overview of the most important approaches and trends for tag identification in RFID systems and provide the results of a deep comparison of the presented tag identification protocols in terms of complexity and performance.

scholarly journals REINFORCEMENT LEARNING BASED ANTI-COLLISION ALGORITHM FOR RFID SYSTEMS

2019 ◽  
pp. 155-168
Author(s):  
Murukesan Loganathan ◽  
Thennarasan Sabapathy ◽  
Mohamed Elobaid Elshaikh ◽  
Mohamed Nasrun Osman ◽  
Rosemizi Abd Rahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Tag Identification ◽  
Rfid Systems ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Control Message ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Better Than

Efficient collision arbitration protocol facilitates fast tag identification in radio frequency identification (RFID) systems. EPCGlobal-Class1-Generation2 (EPC-C1G2) protocol is the current standard for collision arbitration in commercial RFID systems. However, the main drawback of this protocol is that it requires excessive message exchanges between tags and the reader for its operation. This wastes energy of the already resource-constrained RFID readers. Hence, in this work, reinforcement learning based anti-collision protocol (RL-DFSA) is proposed to address the energy efficient collision arbitration problem in the RFID system. The proposed algorithm continuously learns and adapts to the changes in the environment by devising an optimal policy. The proposed RL-DFSA was evaluated through extensive simulations and compared with the variants of EPC-C1G2 algorithms that are currently being used in the commercial readers. Based on the results, it is concluded that RL-DFSA performs equal or better than EPC-C1G2 protocol in delay, throughput and time system efficiency when simulated for sparse and dense environments while requiring one order of magnitude lesser control message exchanges between the reader and the tags.

scholarly journals Energy efficient anti-collision algorithm for the RFID networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 622-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murukesan Loganathan ◽  
Thennarasan Sabapathy ◽  
Mohamed Elshaikh ◽  
Mohamed Nasrun Osman ◽  
Rosemizi Abd Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Tag Identification ◽  
Time System ◽  
Rfid Systems ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Control Message ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Message Overhead

Energy efficiency is crucial for radio frequency identification (RFID) systems as the readers are often battery operated. The main source of the energy wastage is the collision which happens when tags access the communication medium at the same time. Thus, an efficient anti-collision protocol could minimize the energy wastage and prolong the lifetime of the RFID systems. In this regard, EPCGlobal-Class1-Generation2 (EPC-C1G2) protocol is currently being used in the commercial RFID readers to provide fast tag identification through efficient collision arbitration using the Q algorithm. However, this protocol requires a lot of control message overheads for its operation. Thus, a reinforcement learning based anti-collision protocol (RL-DFSA) is proposed to provide better time system efficiency while being energy efficient through the minimization of control message overheads. The proposed RL-DFSA was evaluated through extensive simulations and compared with the variants of EPC-Class 1 Generation 2 algorithms that are currently being used in the commercial readers. The results show conclusively that the proposed RL-DFSA performs identically to the very efficient EPC-C1G2 protocol in terms of time system efficiency but readily outperforms the compared protocol in the number of control message overhead required for the operation.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Hybrid ALOHA/CDMA RFID Systems with Quasi-decorrelating Detector in Noisy Channels

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuyen Trung Hoang ◽  
Hieu Van Dao ◽  
Vu Xuan Phan ◽  
Chuyen Thanh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Identification Performance ◽  
Tag Identification ◽  
Noisy Channels ◽  
Decorrelating Detector ◽  
Rfid Systems ◽  
Frequency Identification

In this paper we investigate the tag identification performance of ahybrid Aloha/CDMA radio frequency identification (RFID) system withquasi-decorrelating detector (QDD). Motivated from the fact that theQDD outperforms the conventional decorrelating detector (DD) innoisy network scenarios, we study and propose using QDD as one ofthe most promising candidates in the structure of RFID readers.Performance analysis in terms of bit error rate and the RFID systemefficiency is considered. Computer simulations are also performed,and the obtained results of QDD-based structure are compared withthose of DD-based one to confirm the correctness of the designsuggestion.

scholarly journals Hybrid Dynamic-Binary ALOHA Anti-Collision Protocol in RFID Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.15) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Jongwan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Object Identification ◽  
Tag Identification ◽  
Rfid Systems ◽  
Identification Time ◽  
Internet Of Things Environment ◽  
Specific Object ◽  
Frequency Identification

The main techniques for identifying objects in an Internet of things environment are based on radio frequency identification, in which a specific object is identified by the reader through the tag mounted on the object. When there are multiple tags in the reader’s interrogation zone, they respond simultaneously to the reader’s request, thus causing a collision between the signals sent simultaneously to the reader from those tags. Such collisions reduce the data accuracy and prolong the identification time, thus making it difficult to provide a rapid service. This paper explores a hybrid anti-collision protocol, namely, the hybrid dynamic-binary ALOHA anti-collision protocol, which is designed to prevent tag collision and to enable more stable information transmission by improving the existing tag anti-collision protocols. The proposed protocol has achieved performance enhancement by shortening the tag identification process when tag collision occurs by combining the ALOHA and binary search protocols. In contrast to the existing protocols, whereby the reader’s request is repeated after detecting a collision, the proposed protocol shortens the tag identification time by requesting only the collision bits. This contributes to a substantial reduction in the object identification time in an IoT environment.  

Super lightweight mobile RFID authentication protocol for bit replacement operation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Yubao Hou ◽  
Hua Liang ◽  
Juan liu
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Authentication Protocol ◽  
Wireless Channel ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Rfid Systems ◽  
Rfid System ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Replacement Operation ◽  
Mobile Rfid

In the traditional RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) system, a secure wired channel communication is used between the reader and the server. The newly produced mobile RFID system is different from the traditional RFID system, the communication between the reader and the server is based on a wireless channel, and the authentication protocol is suitable for traditional RFID systems, but it cannot be used in mobile RFID systems. To solve this problem, a mutual authentication protocol MSB (Most Significant Bit) for super lightweight mobile radio frequency identification system is proposed based on bit replacement operation. MSB is a bitwise operation to encrypt information and reduce the computational load of communication entities. Label, readers, and servers authenticate first and then communicate, MSB may be used to resistant to common attacks. The security analysis of the protocol shows that the protocol has high security properties, the performance analysis of the protocol shows that the protocol has the characteristics of low computational complexity, the formal analysis of the protocol based on GNY logic Gong et al. (1990) provides a rigorous reasoning proof process for the protocol.

scholarly journals Radio frequency identification technologies for livestock management and meat supply chain traceability

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Barge ◽  
P. Gay ◽  
V. Merlino ◽  
C. Tortia
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Traceability System ◽  
Livestock Management ◽  
Farm Type ◽  
Animal Identification ◽  
Frequency Identification

Barge, P., Gay, P., Merlino, V. and Tortia, C. 2013. Radio frequency identification technologies for livestock management and meat supply chain traceability. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 23–33. Animal electronic identification could be exploited by farmers as an interesting opportunity to increase the efficiency of herd management and traceability. Although radio frequency identification (RFID) solutions for animal identification have already been envisaged, the integration of a RFID traceability system at farm level has to be carried out carefully, considering different aspects (farm type, number and species of animals, barn structure). The tag persistence on the animal after application, the tag-to-tag collisions in the case of many animals contemporarily present in the reading area of the same antenna and the barn layout play determinant roles in system reliability. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the RFID identification system performance and determine the best practice to apply these devices in livestock management. RFID systems were tested both in laboratory, on the farm and in slaughterhouses for the implementation of a traceability system with automatic animal data capture. For this purpose a complete system for animal identification and tracking, accomplishing regulatory compliance as well as supply chain management requirements, has been developed and is described in the paper. Results were encouraging for identification of calves both in farms and slaughterhouses, while in swine breeding, identification was critical for small piglets. In this case, the design of a RFID gate where tag-to-tag collisions are avoided should be envisaged.

scholarly journals Compact Tri-band Bandpass Filter Based on Asymmetric Step Impedance Resonators for WiMAX and RFID Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-321
Author(s):  
Abdul Basit ◽  
Muhammad Irfan Khattak ◽  
Ayman Althuwayb ◽  
Jamel Nebhen
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Bandpass Filter ◽  
Coupled Resonators ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Rfid Systems ◽  
Fundamental Frequencies ◽  
Half Wavelength ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
One Step ◽  
Rfid Applications

In this article, a simple method is developed to design a highly miniaturized tri-band bandpass filter (BPF) utilizing two asymmetric coupled resonators with one step discontinuity and one uniform impedance resonator (UIR) for worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) and radio frequency identification (RFID) applications. The first and second passbands located at 3.7 GHz and 6.6 GHz are achieved through two asymmetric coupled step impedance resonators (SIRs), while the third passband, centered at 9 GHz, is achieved using a half-wavelength UIR, respectively. The fundamental frequencies of this BPF are implemented by tuning the physical length ratio (α) and impedance ratio (R) of the asymmetric SIRs. The proposed filter is designed and fabricated with a circuit dimension of 13.69 mm × 25 mm (0.02 λg × 0.03 λg), where λg represents the guided wavelength at the first passband. The experimental and measured results are provided with good matching.

Adaptive Framework for Collisions in RFID Tag Identification

2008 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selwyn Piramuthu
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Tag Identification ◽  
Seamless Integration ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Aloha Protocol

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is promising, as a technique, to enable tracking of essential information about objects as they pass through supply chains. Information thus tracked can be utilised to efficiently operate the supply chain. Effective management of the supply chain translates to huge competitive advantage for the firms involved. Among several issues that impede seamless integration of RFID tags in a supply chain, one of the problems encountered while reading RFID tags is that of collision, which occurs when multiple tags transmit data to the same receiver slot. Data loss due to collision necessitates re-transmission of lost data. We consider this problem when Framed Slotted ALOHA protocol is used. Using machine learning, we adaptively configure the number of slots per frame to reduce the number of collisions while improving throughput.

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